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+                           EDK II Standard Libraries

+                                    ReadMe

+                                 Beta Release

+                               4:03 PM 8/2/2011

+

+

+OVERVIEW

+========

+This document describes the EDK II specific aspects of installing, building, and

+using the Standard C Library component of the EDK II Application Development

+Kit, EADK.

+

+The EADK is comprised of three packages: AppPkg, StdLib, and StdLibPrivateInternalFiles.

+

+  AppPkg   This package contains applications which demonstrate use of the

+           Standard C Library.

+           These applications reside in AppPkg/Applications.

+

+      Enquire  This is a program that determines many properties of the

+               C compiler and the target machine that Enquire is run on.  The

+               only changes required to port this 1990s era Unix program to

+               EDK II were the addition of eight pragmas to enquire.c in

+               order to disable some Microsoft VC++ specific warnings.

+

+      Hello    This is a very simple EDK II native application that doesn't use

+               any features of the Standard C Library.

+

+      Main     This application is functionally identical to Hello, except that

+               it uses the Standard C Library to provide a main() entry point.

+

+      Python   A port of the Python-2.7.1 interpreter for UEFI.  This

+               application is disabled by default.  Un-comment the line for

+               PythonCore.inf in the [Components] section of AppPkg.dsc to

+               enable building Python.

+

+      Sockets  A collection of applications demonstrating use of the

+               EDK II Socket Libraries.  These applications include:

+

+               *   DataSink

+               *   DataSource

+               *   GetHostByAddr

+               *   GetHostByDns

+               *   GetHostByName

+               *   GetNetByAddr

+               *   GetNetByName

+               *   GetServByName

+               *   GetServByPort

+               *   RecvDgram

+               *   SetHostName

+               *   SetSockOpt

+               *   TftpServer

+               *   WebServer

+

+  StdLib   The StdLib package contains the standard header files as well as

+           implementations of the standard libraries.

+

+  StdLibPrivateInternalFiles  The contents of this package are for the

+           exclusive use of the library implementations in StdLib.  Please do

+           not use anything from this package in your application or else

+           unexpected behavior may occur.

+           This package may be removed in a future release.

+

+

+RELEASE NOTES

+=============

+This release of the EADK has some restrictions, as described below.

+

+    1.	Only the Microsoft VS2005 and VS2008, Intel C Compiler 10.1 (or later),

+        GCC 4.3 (mingw32), GCC 4.4, and GCC 4.5 C compilers are supported for

+        Ia32 or X64 CPU architectures.

+        

+    2.	The target machine must be running firmware which provides the

+        UEFI 2.3 HII protocol.

+        

+    3.	The EADK has not been through Intel's Quality Assurance process. This

+        means that specified standards compliance has not been validated, nor

+        has it undergone formal functionality testing.

+        

+    4.	Applications must be launched from within the EFI Shell.

+    

+    5.	All file paths must use the forward slash, '/', as the separator

+        character.

+        

+    6.	Absolute file paths may optionally be prefixed by a volume specifier

+        such as "FS0:".  The volume specifier is separated from the remainder

+        of the path by a single colon ':'.  The volume specifier must be one of

+        the Shell's mapped volume names as shown by the "map" command.

+        

+    7.	Absolute file paths that don't begin with a volume specifier;

+        e.g. paths that begin with "/", are relative to the currently selected

+        volume.  When the EFI Shell starts, there is NO selected volume.

+        

+    8.	The tmpfile(), and related, functions require that the current volume

+        have a temporary directory as specified in <paths.h>.  This directory

+        is specified by macro _PATH_TMP.

+

+The Standard C Library provided by this package is a "hosted" implementation

+conforming to the ISO/IEC 9899-1990 C Language Standard with Addendum 1. This

+is commonly referred to as the "C 95" specification or ISO/IEC 9899:199409.

+The following instructions assume that you have an existing EDK II or UDK 2010

+source tree that has been configured to build with your tool chain.  For

+convenience, it is assumed that your EDK II source tree is located at

+C:\Source\Edk2.

+

+

+INSTALLATION

+============

+The EADK is integrated within the EDK II source tree and is included with

+current EDK II check-outs.  If they are missing from your tree, they may be

+installed by extracting, downloading or copying them to the root of your EDK II

+source tree.  The three package directories should be peers to the Conf,

+MdePkg, Nt32Pkg, etc. directories.

+

+The Python 2.7.1 distribution must be downloaded from python.org before the

+Python application can be built.  Extracting Python-2.7.1.tgz into the

+AppPkg\Applications\Python directory will produce a Python-2.7.1 directory

+containing the Python distribution.  Python files that had to be modified for

+EDK II are in the AppPkg\Applications\Python\PyMod-2.7.1 directory.  These

+files need to be copied into the corresponding directories within Python-2.7.1.

+

+There are some boiler-plate declarations and definitions that need to be

+included in your application's INF and DSC build files.  These are described

+in the CONFIGURATION section, below.

+

+

+BUILDING

+========

+It is not necessary to build the libraries separately from the target

+application(s). If the application references the libraries, as described in

+USAGE, below; the required libraries will be built as needed.

+To build the applications included in AppPkg, one would execute the following

+commands within the "Visual Studio Command Prompt" window:

+

+    > cd C:\Source\Edk2

+    > .\edksetup.bat

+    > build ?a X64 ?p AppPkg\AppPkg.dsc

+

+This will produce the application executables: Enquire.efi, Hello.efi, and

+Main.efi in the C:\Source\Edk2\Build\AppPkg\DEBUG_VS2008\X64 directory; with

+the DEBUG_VS2008 component being replaced with the actual tool chain and build

+type you have selected in Conf\Tools_def.txt. These executables can now be

+loaded onto the target platform and executed.

+

+If you examine the AppPkg.dsc file, you will notice that the StdLib package is

+referenced in order to resolve the library classes comprising the Standard

+C Library.  This, plus referencing the StdLib package in your application's

+.inf file is all that is needed to link your application to the standard

+libraries.

+

+

+USAGE

+=====

+This implementation of the Standard C Library is comprised of 16 separate

+libraries in addition to the standard header files. Nine of the libraries are

+associated with use of one of the standard headers; thus, if the header is used

+in an application, it must be linked with the associated library.  Three

+libraries are used to provide the Console and File-system device abstractions.

+The libraries and associated header files are described in the following table.

+

+ Library

+  Class      Header File(s)    Notes

+----------  ----------------  -------------------------------------------------

+LibC        -- Use Always --  This library is always required.

+LibCtype    ctype.h, wctype.h Character classification and mapping

+LibLocale   locale.h          Localization types, macros, and functions

+LibMath     math.h            Mathematical functions, types, and macros

+LibStdio    stdio.h           Standard Input and Output functions, types, and

+                              macros

+LibStdLib   stdlib.h          General Utilities for numeric conversion, random

+                              num., etc.

+LibString   string.h          String copying, concatenation, comparison,

+                              & search

+LibSignal   signal.h          Functions and types for handling run-time

+                              conditions

+LibTime     time.h            Time and Date types, macros, and functions

+LibUefi     sys/EfiSysCall.h  Provides the UEFI system interface and

+                              "System Calls"

+LibWchar    wchar.h           Extended multibyte and wide character utilities

+LibNetUtil                    Network address and number manipulation utilities

+DevConsole                    Automatically provided  File I/O abstractions for

+                              the UEFI Console device.  No need to list this

+                              library class in your INF file(s).

+DevShell    Add if desired    File I/O abstractions using UEFI shell

+                              facilities.  Add this to the application's main

+                              INF file if file-system access needed.

+DevUtility  -- Do Not Use --  Utility functions used by the Device abstractions

+LibGdtoa    -- Do Not Use --  This library is used internally and should not

+                              need to be explicitly specified by an

+                              application.  It must be defined as one of the

+                              available library classes in the application's

+                              DSC file.

+

+                         Table 1:  Standard Libraries

+                         ============================

+

+

+These libraries must be fully described in the [LibraryClasses] section of the

+application package's DSC file. Then, each individual application needs to

+specify which libraries to link to by specifying the Library Class, from the

+above table, in the [LibraryClasses] section of the application's INF file. The

+AppPkg.dsc, StdLib.dsc, and Enquire.inf files provide good examples of this.

+More details are in the CONFIGURATION section, below.

+

+Within the source files of the application, use of the Standard headers and

+library functions follow standard C programming practices as formalized by

+ISO/IEC 9899:1990, with Addendum 1, (C 95) C language specification.

+

+

+CONFIGURATION

+=============

+DSC Files

+---------

+

+All EDK II packages which build applications that use the standard libraries

+must include some "boilerplate" text in the package's .dsc file.  To make it

+easier, and to reduce cut-and-paste errors, the "boilerplate" text has been

+consolidated into a single file, StdLib/StdLib.inc, which can be included in

+your .dsc file using the !include directive.  The provided AppPkg.dsc and

+StdLib.dsc files do this on their last line.

+

+Each affected section of the DSC file is described below.

+

+  [LibraryClasses]

+    #

+    # Common Libraries

+    #

+    BaseLib|MdePkg/Library/BaseLib/BaseLib.inf

+    BaseMemoryLib|MdePkg/Library/BaseMemoryLib/BaseMemoryLib.inf

+

+    TimerLib|PerformancePkg/Library/DxeTscTimerLib/DxeTscTimerLib.inf

+    # To run in an emulation environment, such as NT32, comment out

+    # the TimerLib description above and un-comment the line below.

+    # TimerLib| MdePkg/Library/BaseTimerLibNullTemplate/BaseTimerLibNullTemplate.inf

+

+    #

+    # C Standard Libraries

+    #

+    LibC|StdLib/LibC/LibC.inf

+    LibStdLib|StdLib/LibC/StdLib/StdLib.inf

+    LibString|StdLib/LibC/String/String.inf

+    LibWchar|StdLib/LibC/Wchar/Wchar.inf

+    LibCType|StdLib/LibC/Ctype/Ctype.inf

+    LibTime|StdLib/LibC/Time/Time.inf

+    LibStdio|StdLib/LibC/Stdio/Stdio.inf

+    LibGdtoa|StdLib/LibC/gdtoa/gdtoa.inf

+    LibLocale|StdLib/LibC/Locale/Locale.inf

+    LibUefi|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Uefi.inf

+    LibMath|StdLib/LibC/Math/Math.inf

+    LibSignal|StdLib/LibC/Signal/Signal.inf

+    LibNetUtil|StdLib/LibC/LibGcc/LibGcc.inf

+

+  # Libraries for device abstractions within the Standard C Library.

+  # Applications should not directly access any functions defined

+  # in these libraries.

+    DevUtility|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Devices/daUtility.inf

+    DevConsole|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Devices/daConsole.inf

+    DevShell|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Devices/daShell.inf

+

+                     Figure 1: Library Class Descriptions

+                     ====================================

+

+

+Descriptions of the Library Classes comprising the Standard Libraries must be

+included in your application package's DSC file, as shown in Figure 1: Library

+Class Descriptions, above.

+

+The directives in Figure 2: Package Component Descriptions will create

+instances of the BaseLib and BaseMemoryLib library classes that are built

+with Link-time-Code-Generation disabled.  This is necessary when using the

+Microsoft tool chains in order to allow the library's functions to be

+resolved during the second pass of the linker during Link-Time-Code-Generation

+of the application.

+

+  [Components]

+  # BaseLib and BaseMemoryLib need to be built with the /GL- switch

+  # when using the Microsoft tool chains.  This is required so that

+  # the library functions can be resolved during the second pass of

+  # the linker during link-time-code-generation.

+  #

+    MdePkg/Library/BaseLib/BaseLib.inf {

+      <BuildOptions>

+        MSFT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /X /Zc:wchar_t /GL-

+    }

+    MdePkg/Library/BaseMemoryLib/BaseMemoryLib.inf {

+      <BuildOptions>

+        MSFT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /X /Zc:wchar_t /GL-

+    }

+

+                    Figure 2: Package Component Descriptions

+                    ========================================

+

+

+The NULL TimerLib instance must be selected if you desire to run your

+application under an emulation environment -- unless there is a supported

+TimerLib for that environment.  For example, the InOsEmuPkg provides a

+DxeTimerLib which can be used for the TimerLib instance.

+

+The "boilerplate" text in StdLib.inc will automatically adjust which Timer

+Library is instantiated based upon whether the $(EMULATE) macro has been

+defined, or not.

+

+  ###

+  # Select the correct TimerLib instance depending upon whether running under

+  # an emulation environment, or not.

+  !ifndef $(EMULATE)

+    # Not running in an Emulation Environment

+  [LibraryClasses.IA32.UEFI_APPLICATION]

+    TimerLib|PerformancePkg/Library/DxeTscTimerLib/DxeTscTimerLib.inf

+

+  [LibraryClasses.X64.UEFI_APPLICATION]

+    TimerLib|PerformancePkg/Library/DxeTscTimerLib/DxeTscTimerLib.inf

+

+  [LibraryClasses.IPF.UEFI_APPLICATION]

+    PalLib|MdePkg/Library/UefiPalLib/UefiPalLib.inf

+    TimerLib|MdePkg/Library/SecPeiDxeTimerLibCpu/SecPeiDxeTimerLibCpu.inf

+

+  !else

+    # Use this instance if Running in an Emulation Environment.

+  [LibraryClasses.Common.UEFI_APPLICATION]

+    TimerLib|MdePkg/Library/BaseTimerLibNullTemplate/BaseTimerLibNullTemplate.inf

+  !endif

+

+                      Figure 3: Timer Library Selection

+                      =================================

+

+

+Each compiler assumes, by default, that it will be used with standard libraries

+and headers provided by the compiler vendor.  Many of these assumptions are

+incorrect for the UEFI environment.  By including a BuildOptions section, as

+shown in Figure 3: Package Build Options, these assumptions can be

+tailored for compatibility with UEFI and the EDK II Standard Libraries.

+

+  [BuildOptions]

+    INTEL:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS  = /Qfreestanding

+     MSFT:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS  = /X /Zc:wchar_t

+      GCC:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS  = /ffreestanding ?nostdinc ?nostdlib

+

+  # The Build Options, below, are only used when building the C library

+  # to be run under an emulation environment.  The clock() system call

+  # is modified to return -1 indicating that it is unsupported.

+  # Just un-comment the lines below and select the correct

+  # TimerLib instance, above.

+

+    # INTEL:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS  = /D NT32dvm

+    #  MSFT:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS  = /D NT32dvm

+    #   GCC:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS  = -DNT32dvm

+

+                        Figure 4: Package Build Options

+                        ===============================

+

+The "boilerplate" text can be included using a !include directive in the

+package's .dsc file.  The provided AppPkg.dsc and StdLib.dsc files include

+the "boilerplate" text as follows:

+

+  # Include Boilerplate text required for building with the Standard Libraries.

+  #

+  #############################################################################

+  !include StdLib/StdLib.inc

+

+                      Figure 5: "Boilerplate" Inclusion

+                      =================================

+

+

+INF Files

+=========

+The INF files for most modules will not require special directives in order to

+support the Standard Libraries.  The two cases which could occur are described

+below.

+

+  [LibraryClasses]

+    UefiLib

+    LibC

+    LibString

+    LibStdio

+    DevShell

+  

+                      Figure 6: Module Library Classes

+                      ================================

+

+

+Modules of type UEFI_APPLICATION that perform file I/O should include library

+class DevShell.  Including this library class will allow file operations to be

+handled by the UEFI Shell.  Without this class, only Console I/O is permitted.

+

+ [BuildOptions]

+  INTEL:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS          = /Qdiag-disable:181,186

+   MSFT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS          = /Oi- /wd4018 /wd4131

+    GCC:*_*_IPF_SYMRENAME_FLAGS = --redefine-syms=Rename.txt

+    

+                        Figure 7: Module Build Options

+                        ==============================

+

+

+An application's INF file may need to include a [BuildOptions] section

+specifying additional compiler and linker flags necessary to allow the

+application to be built. Usually, this section is not needed.  When building

+code from external sources, though, it may be necessary to disable some

+warnings or enable/disable some compiler features.

+

+

+IMPLEMENTATION-Specific Features

+================================

+It is very strongly recommended that applications not use the long or

+unsigned long types. The size of this type varies between compilers and is one

+of the less portable aspects of C. Instead, one should use the UEFI defined

+types whenever possible. Use of these types, listed below for reference,

+ensures that the declared objects have unambiguous, explicitly declared, sizes

+and characteristics.

+

+        UINT64   INT64     UINT32   INT32   UINT16   CHAR16

+        INT16    BOOLEAN   UINT8    CHAR8   INT8

+        UINTN    INTN                       PHYSICALADDRESS

+

+There are similar types declared in sys/types.h and related files.

+

+The types UINTN and INTN have the native width of the target processor

+architecture. Thus, INTN on IA32 has a width of 32 bits while INTN on X64 and

+IPF has a width of 64 bits.

+

+For maximum portability, data objects intended to hold addresses should be

+declared with type intptr_t or uintptr_t. These types, declared in

+sys/stdint.h, can be used to create objects capable of holding pointers. Note

+that these types will generate different sized objects on different processor

+architectures.  If a constant size across all processors and compilers is

+needed, use type PHYSICAL_ADDRESS.

+

+Though not specifically required by the ISO/IEC 9899 standard, this

+implementation of the Standard C Library provides the following system calls

+which are declared in sys/EfiSysCall.h.

+

+          close   dup      dup2     fcntl

+          fstat   getcwd   ioctl    isatty

+          lseek   lstat    mkdir    open

+          poll    read     rename   rmdir

+          stat    unlink   write

+

+The open function will accept file names of "stdin:", "stdout:", and "stderr:"

+which cause the respective streams specified in the UEFI System Table to be

+opened.  Normally, these are associated with the console device.  When the

+application is first started, these streams are automatically opened on File

+Descriptors 0, 1, and 2 respectively.

+

+