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-.TH ANTLR 1 "September 1995" "ANTLR" "PCCTS Manual Pages"
-.SH NAME
-antlr \- ANother Tool for Language Recognition
-.SH SYNTAX
-.LP
-\fBantlr\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIgrammar_files\fR
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.PP
-\fIAntlr\fP converts an extended form of context-free grammar into a
-set of C functions which directly implement an efficient form of
-deterministic recursive-descent LL(k) parser. Context-free grammars
-may be augmented with predicates to allow semantics to influence
-parsing; this allows a form of context-sensitive parsing. Selective
-backtracking is also available to handle non-LL(k) and even
-non-LALR(k) constructs. \fIAntlr\fP also produces a definition of a
-lexer which can be automatically converted into C code for a DFA-based
-lexer by \fIdlg\fR. Hence, \fIantlr\fR serves a function much like
-that of \fIyacc\fR, however, it is notably more flexible and is more
-integrated with a lexer generator (\fIantlr\fR directly generates
-\fIdlg\fR code, whereas \fIyacc\fR and \fIlex\fR are given independent
-descriptions). Unlike \fIyacc\fR which accepts LALR(1) grammars,
-\fIantlr\fR accepts LL(k) grammars in an extended BNF notation \(em
-which eliminates the need for precedence rules.
-.PP
-Like \fIyacc\fR grammars, \fIantlr\fR grammars can use
-automatically-maintained symbol attribute values referenced as dollar
-variables. Further, because \fIantlr\fR generates top-down parsers,
-arbitrary values may be inherited from parent rules (passed like
-function parameters). \fIAntlr\fP also has a mechanism for creating
-and manipulating abstract-syntax-trees.
-.PP
-There are various other niceties in \fIantlr\fR, including the ability to
-spread one grammar over multiple files or even multiple grammars in a single
-file, the ability to generate a version of the grammar with actions stripped
-out (for documentation purposes), and lots more.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.IP "\fB-ck \fIn\fR"
-Use up to \fIn\fR symbols of lookahead when using compressed (linear
-approximation) lookahead. This type of lookahead is very cheap to
-compute and is attempted before full LL(k) lookahead, which is of
-exponential complexity in the worst case. In general, the compressed
-lookahead can be much deeper (e.g, \f(CW-ck 10\fP) than the full
-lookahead (which usually must be less than 4).
-.IP \fB-CC\fP
-Generate C++ output from both ANTLR and DLG.
-.IP \fB-cr\fP
-Generate a cross-reference for all rules. For each rule, print a list
-of all other rules that reference it.
-.IP \fB-e1\fP
-Ambiguities/errors shown in low detail (default).
-.IP \fB-e2\fP
-Ambiguities/errors shown in more detail.
-.IP \fB-e3\fP
-Ambiguities/errors shown in excruciating detail.
-.IP "\fB-fe\fP file"
-Rename \fBerr.c\fP to file.
-.IP "\fB-fh\fP file"
-Rename \fBstdpccts.h\fP header (turns on \fB-gh\fP) to file.
-.IP "\fB-fl\fP file"
-Rename lexical output, \fBparser.dlg\fP, to file.
-.IP "\fB-fm\fP file"
-Rename file with lexical mode definitions, \fBmode.h\fP, to file.
-.IP "\fB-fr\fP file"
-Rename file which remaps globally visible symbols, \fBremap.h\fP, to file.
-.IP "\fB-ft\fP file"
-Rename \fBtokens.h\fP to file.
-.IP \fB-ga\fP
-Generate ANSI-compatible code (default case). This has not been
-rigorously tested to be ANSI XJ11 C compliant, but it is close. The
-normal output of \fIantlr\fP is currently compilable under both K&R,
-ANSI C, and C++\(emthis option does nothing because \fIantlr\fP
-generates a bunch of #ifdef's to do the right thing depending on the
-language.
-.IP \fB-gc\fP
-Indicates that \fIantlr\fP should generate no C code, i.e., only
-perform analysis on the grammar.
-.IP \fB-gd\fP
-C code is inserted in each of the \fIantlr\fR generated parsing functions to
-provide for user-defined handling of a detailed parse trace. The inserted
-code consists of calls to the user-supplied macros or functions called
-\fBzzTRACEIN\fR and \fBzzTRACEOUT\fP. The only argument is a
-\fIchar *\fR pointing to a C-style string which is the grammar rule
-recognized by the current parsing function. If no definition is given
-for the trace functions, upon rule entry and exit, a message will be
-printed indicating that a particular rule as been entered or exited.
-.IP \fB-ge\fP
-Generate an error class for each non-terminal.
-.IP \fB-gh\fP
-Generate \fBstdpccts.h\fP for non-ANTLR-generated files to include.
-This file contains all defines needed to describe the type of parser
-generated by \fIantlr\fP (e.g. how much lookahead is used and whether
-or not trees are constructed) and contains the \fBheader\fP action
-specified by the user.
-.IP \fB-gk\fP
-Generate parsers that delay lookahead fetches until needed. Without
-this option, \fIantlr\fP generates parsers which always have \fIk\fP
-tokens of lookahead available.
-.IP \fB-gl\fP
-Generate line info about grammar actions in C parser of the form
-\fB#\ \fIline\fP\ "\fIfile\fP"\fR which makes error messages from
-the C/C++ compiler make more sense as they will \*Qpoint\*U into the
-grammar file not the resulting C file. Debugging is easier as well,
-because you will step through the grammar not C file.
-.IP \fB-gs\fR
-Do not generate sets for token expression lists; instead generate a
-\fB||\fP-separated sequence of \fBLA(1)==\fItoken_number\fR. The
-default is to generate sets.
-.IP \fB-gt\fP
-Generate code for Abstract-Syntax Trees.
-.IP \fB-gx\fP
-Do not create the lexical analyzer files (dlg-related). This option
-should be given when the user wishes to provide a customized lexical
-analyzer. It may also be used in \fImake\fR scripts to cause only the
-parser to be rebuilt when a change not affecting the lexical structure
-is made to the input grammars.
-.IP "\fB-k \fIn\fR"
-Set k of LL(k) to \fIn\fR; i.e. set tokens of look-ahead (default==1).
-.IP "\fB-o\fP dir
-Directory where output files should go (default="."). This is very
-nice for keeping the source directory clear of ANTLR and DLG spawn.
-.IP \fB-p\fP
-The complete grammar, collected from all input grammar files and
-stripped of all comments and embedded actions, is listed to
-\fBstdout\fP. This is intended to aid in viewing the entire grammar
-as a whole and to eliminate the need to keep actions concisely stated
-so that the grammar is easier to read. Hence, it is preferable to
-embed even complex actions directly in the grammar, rather than to
-call them as subroutines, since the subroutine call overhead will be
-saved.
-.IP \fB-pa\fP
-This option is the same as \fB-p\fP except that the output is
-annotated with the first sets determined from grammar analysis.
-.IP "\fB-prc on\fR
-Turn on the computation and hoisting of predicate context.
-.IP "\fB-prc off\fR
-Turn off the computation and hoisting of predicate context. This
-option makes 1.10 behave like the 1.06 release with option \fB-pr\fR
-on. Context computation is off by default.
-.IP "\fB-rl \fIn\fR
-Limit the maximum number of tree nodes used by grammar analysis to
-\fIn\fP. Occasionally, \fIantlr\fP is unable to analyze a grammar
-submitted by the user. This rare situation can only occur when the
-grammar is large and the amount of lookahead is greater than one. A
-nonlinear analysis algorithm is used by PCCTS to handle the general
-case of LL(k) parsing. The average complexity of analysis, however, is
-near linear due to some fancy footwork in the implementation which
-reduces the number of calls to the full LL(k) algorithm. An error
-message will be displayed, if this limit is reached, which indicates
-the grammar construct being analyzed when \fIantlr\fP hit a
-non-linearity. Use this option if \fIantlr\fP seems to go out to
-lunch and your disk start thrashing; try \fIn\fP=10000 to start. Once
-the offending construct has been identified, try to remove the
-ambiguity that \fIantlr\fP was trying to overcome with large lookahead
-analysis. The introduction of (...)? backtracking blocks eliminates
-some of these problems\ \(em \fIantlr\fP does not analyze alternatives
-that begin with (...)? (it simply backtracks, if necessary, at run
-time).
-.IP \fB-w1\fR
-Set low warning level. Do not warn if semantic predicates and/or
-(...)? blocks are assumed to cover ambiguous alternatives.
-.IP \fB-w2\fR
-Ambiguous parsing decisions yield warnings even if semantic predicates
-or (...)? blocks are used. Warn if predicate context computed and
-semantic predicates incompletely disambiguate alternative productions.
-.IP \fB-\fR
-Read grammar from standard input and generate \fBstdin.c\fP as the
-parser file.
-.SH "SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS"
-.PP
-\fIAntlr\fP works... we think. There is no implicit guarantee of
-anything. We reserve no \fBlegal\fP rights to the software known as
-the Purdue Compiler Construction Tool Set (PCCTS) \(em PCCTS is in the
-public domain. An individual or company may do whatever they wish
-with source code distributed with PCCTS or the code generated by
-PCCTS, including the incorporation of PCCTS, or its output, into
-commercial software. We encourage users to develop software with
-PCCTS. However, we do ask that credit is given to us for developing
-PCCTS. By "credit", we mean that if you incorporate our source code
-into one of your programs (commercial product, research project, or
-otherwise) that you acknowledge this fact somewhere in the
-documentation, research report, etc... If you like PCCTS and have
-developed a nice tool with the output, please mention that you
-developed it using PCCTS. As long as these guidelines are followed,
-we expect to continue enhancing this system and expect to make other
-tools available as they are completed.
-.SH FILES
-.IP *.c
-output C parser.
-.IP *.cpp
-output C++ parser when C++ mode is used.
-.IP \fBparser.dlg\fP
-output \fIdlg\fR lexical analyzer.
-.IP \fBerr.c\fP
-token string array, error sets and error support routines. Not used in
-C++ mode.
-.IP \fBremap.h\fP
-file that redefines all globally visible parser symbols. The use of
-the #parser directive creates this file. Not used in
-C++ mode.
-.IP \fBstdpccts.h\fP
-list of definitions needed by C files, not generated by PCCTS, that
-reference PCCTS objects. This is not generated by default. Not used in
-C++ mode.
-.IP \fBtokens.h\fP
-output \fI#defines\fR for tokens used and function prototypes for
-functions generated for rules.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.LP
-dlg(1), pccts(1)