path: root/StdLib/BsdSocketLib/res_debug.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1985
 *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Portions copyright (c) 1999, 2000
 * Intel Corporation.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *
 *    This product includes software developed by the University of
 *    California, Berkeley, Intel Corporation, and its contributors.
 *
 * 4. Neither the name of University, Intel Corporation, or their respective
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 *    this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS, INTEL CORPORATION AND
 * CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS,
 * INTEL CORPORATION OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

/*
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
 * the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
 * publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
 * specific, written prior permission.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
 * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.   IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
 * CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
 * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
 * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE.
 */

/*
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1995 by International Business Machines, Inc.
 *
 * International Business Machines, Inc. (hereinafter called IBM) grants
 * permission under its copyrights to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
 * Software with or without fee, provided that the above copyright notice and
 * all paragraphs of this notice appear in all copies, and that the name of IBM
 * not be used in connection with the marketing of any product incorporating
 * the Software or modifications thereof, without specific, written prior
 * permission.
 *
 * To the extent it has a right to do so, IBM grants an immunity from suit
 * under its patents, if any, for the use, sale or manufacture of products to
 * the extent that such products are used for performing Domain Name System
 * dynamic updates in TCP/IP networks by means of the Software.  No immunity is
 * granted for any product per se or for any other function of any product.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", AND IBM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  IN NO EVENT SHALL IBM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL,
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER ARISING
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
 * IF IBM IS APPRISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
 */

/*
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996 by Internet Software Consortium.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM DISCLAIMS
 * ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTERNET SOFTWARE
 * CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
 * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
 * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE.
 */

#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)res_debug.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93";
static char rcsid[] = "$Id: res_debug.c,v 1.1.1.1 2003/11/19 01:51:36 kyu3 Exp $";
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <arpa/nameser.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <resolv.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

#define SPRINTF(x) sprintf x

extern const char *_res_opcodes[];
extern const char *_res_resultcodes[];
extern const char *_res_sectioncodes[];

/*
 * Print the current options.
 */
void
fp_resstat(struct __res_state *statp, FILE *file) {
    u_long mask;

    fprintf(file, ";; res options:");
    if (!statp)
        statp = &_res;
    for (mask = 1;  mask != 0;  mask <<= 1)
        if (statp->options & mask)
            fprintf(file, " %s", p_option(mask));
    putc('\n', file);
}

static void
do_section(ns_msg *handle, ns_sect section, int pflag, FILE *file) {
    int n, sflag, rrnum;
    ns_opcode opcode;
    ns_rr rr;

    /*
     * Print answer records.
     */
    sflag = (int)(_res.pfcode & pflag);
    if (_res.pfcode && !sflag)
        return;

    opcode = ns_msg_getflag(*handle, ns_f_opcode);
    rrnum = 0;
    for (;;) {
        if (ns_parserr(handle, section, rrnum, &rr)) {
            if (errno != ENODEV)
                fprintf(file, ";; ns_parserr: %s\n",
                    strerror(errno));
            else if (rrnum > 0 && sflag != 0 &&
                 (_res.pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD1))
                putc('\n', file);
            return;
        }
        if (rrnum == 0 && sflag != 0 && (_res.pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD1))
            fprintf(file, ";; %s SECTION:\n",
                p_section(section, opcode));
        if (section == ns_s_qd)
            fprintf(file, ";;\t%s, type = %s, class = %s\n",
                ns_rr_name(rr),
                p_type(ns_rr_type(rr)),
                p_class(ns_rr_class(rr)));
        else {
            char *buf;
            buf = (char*)malloc(2024);
            if (buf) {
                n = ns_sprintrr(handle, &rr, NULL, NULL,
                        buf, sizeof buf);
                if (n < 0) {
                    fprintf(file, ";; ns_sprintrr: %s\n",
                        strerror(errno));
                    free(buf);
                    return;
                }
                fputs(buf, file);
                fputc('\n', file);
                free(buf);
            }
        }
        rrnum++;
    }
}

void
p_query(const u_char *msg) {
    fp_query(msg, stdout);
}

void
fp_query(const u_char *msg, FILE *file) {
    fp_nquery(msg, PACKETSZ, file);
}

/*
 * Print the contents of a query.
 * This is intended to be primarily a debugging routine.
 */
void
fp_nquery(const u_char *msg, int len, FILE *file) {
    ns_msg handle;
    int qdcount, ancount, nscount, arcount;
    u_int opcode, rcode, id;

    if ((_res.options & RES_INIT) == 0 && res_init() == -1)
        return;

    if (ns_initparse(msg, len, &handle) < 0) {
        fprintf(file, ";; ns_initparse: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        return;
    }
    opcode = ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_opcode);
    rcode = ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_rcode);
    id = ns_msg_id(handle);
    qdcount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_qd);
    ancount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_an);
    nscount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_ns);
    arcount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_ar);

    /*
     * Print header fields.
     */
    if ((!_res.pfcode) || (_res.pfcode & RES_PRF_HEADX) || rcode)
        fprintf(file,
            ";; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: %s, status: %s, id: %d\n",
            _res_opcodes[opcode], _res_resultcodes[rcode], (int)id);
    if ((!_res.pfcode) || (_res.pfcode & RES_PRF_HEADX))
        putc(';', file);
    if ((!_res.pfcode) || (_res.pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD2)) {
        fprintf(file, "; flags:");
        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_qr))
            fprintf(file, " qr");
        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_aa))
            fprintf(file, " aa");
        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_tc))
            fprintf(file, " tc");
        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_rd))
            fprintf(file, " rd");
        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_ra))
            fprintf(file, " ra");
        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_z))
            fprintf(file, " ??");
        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_ad))
            fprintf(file, " ad");
        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_cd))
            fprintf(file, " cd");
    }
    if ((!_res.pfcode) || (_res.pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD1)) {
        fprintf(file, "; %s: %d",
            p_section(ns_s_qd, (int)opcode), qdcount);
        fprintf(file, ", %s: %d",
            p_section(ns_s_an, (int)opcode), ancount);
        fprintf(file, ", %s: %d",
            p_section(ns_s_ns, (int)opcode), nscount);
        fprintf(file, ", %s: %d",
            p_section(ns_s_ar, (int)opcode), arcount);
    }
    if ((!_res.pfcode) || (_res.pfcode &
        (RES_PRF_HEADX | RES_PRF_HEAD2 | RES_PRF_HEAD1))) {
        putc('\n',file);
    }
    /*
     * Print the various sections.
     */
    do_section(&handle, ns_s_qd, RES_PRF_QUES, file);
    do_section(&handle, ns_s_an, RES_PRF_ANS, file);
    do_section(&handle, ns_s_ns, RES_PRF_AUTH, file);
    do_section(&handle, ns_s_ar, RES_PRF_ADD, file);
    if (qdcount == 0 && ancount == 0 &&
        nscount == 0 && arcount == 0)
        putc('\n', file);
}

const u_char *
p_cdnname(const u_char *cp, const u_char *msg, int len, FILE *file) {
    char name[MAXDNAME];
    int n;

    if ((n = dn_expand(msg, msg + len, cp, name, sizeof name)) < 0)
        return (NULL);
    if (name[0] == '\0')
        putc('.', file);
    else
        fputs(name, file);
    return (cp + n);
}

const u_char *
p_cdname(const u_char *cp, const u_char *msg, FILE *file) {
    return (p_cdnname(cp, msg, PACKETSZ, file));
}

/* Return a fully-qualified domain name from a compressed name (with
   length supplied).  */

const u_char *
p_fqnname(
    const u_char *cp,
    const u_char *msg,
    int msglen,
    char *name,
    int namelen
    )
{
    int n, newlen;

    if ((n = dn_expand(msg, cp + msglen, cp, name, namelen)) < 0)
        return (NULL);
    newlen = (int)strlen(name);
    if (newlen == 0 || name[newlen - 1] != '.') {
        if (newlen + 1 >= namelen)  /* Lack space for final dot */
            return (NULL);
        else
            strcpy(name + newlen, ".");
    }
    return (cp + n);
}

/* XXX: the rest of these functions need to become length-limited, too. */

const u_char *
p_fqname(const u_char *cp, const u_char *msg, FILE *file) {
    char name[MAXDNAME];
    const u_char *n;

    n = p_fqnname(cp, msg, MAXCDNAME, name, sizeof name);
    if (n == NULL)
        return (NULL);
    fputs(name, file);
    return (n);
}

/*
 * Names of RR classes and qclasses.  Classes and qclasses are the same, except
 * that C_ANY is a qclass but not a class.  (You can ask for records of class
 * C_ANY, but you can't have any records of that class in the database.)
 */
const struct res_sym __p_class_syms[] = {
    {C_IN,      "IN"},
    {C_CHAOS,   "CHAOS"},
    {C_HS,      "HS"},
    {C_HS,      "HESIOD"},
    {C_ANY,     "ANY"},
    {C_NONE,    "NONE"},
    {C_IN,      (char *)0}
};

/*
 * Names of message sections.
 */
const struct res_sym __p_default_section_syms[] = {
    {ns_s_qd,   "QUERY"},
    {ns_s_an,   "ANSWER"},
    {ns_s_ns,   "AUTHORITY"},
    {ns_s_ar,   "ADDITIONAL"},
    {0,             (char *)0}
};

const struct res_sym __p_update_section_syms[] = {
    {S_ZONE,    "ZONE"},
    {S_PREREQ,  "PREREQUISITE"},
    {S_UPDATE,  "UPDATE"},
    {S_ADDT,    "ADDITIONAL"},
    {0,             (char *)0}
};

/*
 * Names of RR types and qtypes.  Types and qtypes are the same, except
 * that T_ANY is a qtype but not a type.  (You can ask for records of type
 * T_ANY, but you can't have any records of that type in the database.)
 */
const struct res_sym __p_type_syms[] = {
    {T_A,       "A",        "address"},
    {T_NS,      "NS",       "name server"},
    {T_MD,      "MD",       "mail destination (deprecated)"},
    {T_MF,      "MF",       "mail forwarder (deprecated)"},
    {T_CNAME,   "CNAME",    "canonical name"},
    {T_SOA,     "SOA",      "start of authority"},
    {T_MB,      "MB",       "mailbox"},
    {T_MG,      "MG",       "mail group member"},
    {T_MR,      "MR",       "mail rename"},
    {T_NULL,    "NULL",     "null"},
    {T_WKS,     "WKS",      "well-known service (deprecated)"},
    {T_PTR,     "PTR",      "domain name pointer"},
    {T_HINFO,   "HINFO",    "host information"},
    {T_MINFO,   "MINFO",    "mailbox information"},
    {T_MX,      "MX",       "mail exchanger"},
    {T_TXT,     "TXT",      "text"},
    {T_RP,      "RP",       "responsible person"},
    {T_AFSDB,   "AFSDB",    "DCE or AFS server"},
    {T_X25,     "X25",      "X25 address"},
    {T_ISDN,    "ISDN",     "ISDN address"},
    {T_RT,      "RT",       "router"},
    {T_NSAP,    "NSAP",     "nsap address"},
    {T_NSAP_PTR,    "NSAP_PTR", "domain name pointer"},
    {T_SIG,     "SIG",      "signature"},
    {T_KEY,     "KEY",      "key"},
    {T_PX,      "PX",       "mapping information"},
    {T_GPOS,    "GPOS",     "geographical position (withdrawn)"},
    {T_AAAA,    "AAAA",     "IPv6 address"},
    {T_LOC,     "LOC",      "location"},
    {T_NXT,     "NXT",      "next valid name (unimplemented)"},
    {T_EID,     "EID",      "endpoint identifier (unimplemented)"},
    {T_NIMLOC,  "NIMLOC",   "NIMROD locator (unimplemented)"},
    {T_SRV,     "SRV",      "server selection"},
    {T_ATMA,    "ATMA",     "ATM address (unimplemented)"},
    {T_IXFR,    "IXFR",     "incremental zone transfer"},
    {T_AXFR,    "AXFR",     "zone transfer"},
    {T_MAILB,   "MAILB",    "mailbox-related data (deprecated)"},
    {T_MAILA,   "MAILA",    "mail agent (deprecated)"},
    {T_NAPTR,   "NAPTR",    "URN Naming Authority"},
    {T_ANY,     "ANY",      "\"any\""},
    {0,         NULL,       NULL}
};

int
sym_ston(const struct res_sym *syms, const char *name, int *success) {
    for ((void)NULL; syms->name != 0; syms++) {
        if (strcasecmp (name, syms->name) == 0) {
            if (success)
                *success = 1;
            return (syms->number);
        }
    }
    if (success)
        *success = 0;
    return (syms->number);      /* The default value. */
}

const char *
sym_ntos(const struct res_sym *syms, int number, int *success) {
    static char unname[20];

    for ((void)NULL; syms->name != 0; syms++) {
        if (number == syms->number) {
            if (success)
                *success = 1;
            return (syms->name);
        }
    }

    sprintf(unname, "%d", number);
    if (success)
        *success = 0;
    return (unname);
}

const char *
sym_ntop(const struct res_sym *syms, int number, int *success) {
    static char unname[20];

    for ((void)NULL; syms->name != 0; syms++) {
        if (number == syms->number) {
            if (success)
                *success = 1;
            return (syms->humanname);
        }
    }
    sprintf(unname, "%d", number);
    if (success)
        *success = 0;
    return (unname);
}

/*
 * Return a string for the type.
 */
const char *
p_type(int type) {
    return (sym_ntos(__p_type_syms, type, (int *)0));
}

/*
 * Return a string for the type.
 */
const char *
p_section(int section, int opcode) {
    const struct res_sym *symbols;

    switch (opcode) {
    case ns_o_update:
        symbols = __p_update_section_syms;
        break;
    default:
        symbols = __p_default_section_syms;
        break;
    }
    return (sym_ntos(symbols, section, (int *)0));
}

/*
 * Return a mnemonic for class.
 */
const char *
p_class(int class) {
    return (sym_ntos(__p_class_syms, class, (int *)0));
}

/*
 * Return a mnemonic for an option
 */
const char *
p_option(u_long option) {
    static char nbuf[40];

    switch (option) {
    case RES_INIT:      return "init";
    case RES_DEBUG:     return "debug";
    case RES_AAONLY:    return "aaonly(unimpl)";
    case RES_USEVC:     return "usevc";
    case RES_PRIMARY:   return "primry(unimpl)";
    case RES_IGNTC:     return "igntc";
    case RES_RECURSE:   return "recurs";
    case RES_DEFNAMES:  return "defnam";
    case RES_STAYOPEN:  return "styopn";
    case RES_DNSRCH:    return "dnsrch";
    case RES_INSECURE1: return "insecure1";
    case RES_INSECURE2: return "insecure2";
    default:        sprintf(nbuf, "?0x%Lx?", (u_long)option);
                return (nbuf);
    }
}

/*
 * Return a mnemonic for a time to live.
 */
const char *
p_time(u_int32_t value) {
    static char nbuf[40];

    if (ns_format_ttl(value, nbuf, sizeof nbuf) < 0)
        sprintf(nbuf, "%u", value);
    return (nbuf);
}


/*
 * routines to convert between on-the-wire RR format and zone file format.
 * Does not contain conversion to/from decimal degrees; divide or multiply
 * by 60*60*1000 for that.
 */

static unsigned int poweroften[10] = {1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000,
                      1000000,10000000,100000000,1000000000};

/* takes an XeY precision/size value, returns a string representation. */
static const char *
precsize_ntoa(
    u_int8_t prec
    )
{
    static char retbuf[sizeof "90000000.00"];
    unsigned long val;
    int mantissa, exponent;

    mantissa = (int)((prec >> 4) & 0x0f) % 10;
    exponent = (int)((prec >> 0) & 0x0f) % 10;

    val = mantissa * poweroften[exponent];

    (void) sprintf(retbuf, "%ld.%.2ld", val/100, val%100);
    return (retbuf);
}

/* converts ascii size/precision X * 10**Y(cm) to 0xXY.  moves pointer. */
static u_int8_t
precsize_aton(
    char **strptr
    )
{
    unsigned int mval = 0, cmval = 0;
    u_int8_t retval = 0;
    char *cp;
    int exponent;
    int mantissa;

    cp = *strptr;

    while (isdigit(*cp))
        mval = mval * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');

    if (*cp == '.') {       /* centimeters */
        cp++;
        if (isdigit(*cp)) {
            cmval = (*cp++ - '0') * 10;
            if (isdigit(*cp)) {
                cmval += (*cp++ - '0');
            }
        }
    }
    cmval = (mval * 100) + cmval;

    for (exponent = 0; exponent < 9; exponent++)
        if (cmval < poweroften[exponent+1])
            break;

    mantissa = cmval / poweroften[exponent];
    if (mantissa > 9)
        mantissa = 9;

    retval = (u_int8_t)((mantissa << 4) | exponent);

    *strptr = cp;

    return (retval);
}

/* converts ascii lat/lon to unsigned encoded 32-bit number.  moves pointer. */
static u_int32_t
latlon2ul(
    char **latlonstrptr,
    int *which
    )
{
    char *cp;
    u_int32_t retval;
    int deg = 0, min = 0, secs = 0, secsfrac = 0;

    cp = *latlonstrptr;

    while (isdigit(*cp))
        deg = deg * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');

    while (isspace(*cp))
        cp++;

    if (!(isdigit(*cp)))
        goto fndhemi;

    while (isdigit(*cp))
        min = min * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');

    while (isspace(*cp))
        cp++;

    if (!(isdigit(*cp)))
        goto fndhemi;

    while (isdigit(*cp))
        secs = secs * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');

    if (*cp == '.') {       /* decimal seconds */
        cp++;
        if (isdigit(*cp)) {
            secsfrac = (*cp++ - '0') * 100;
            if (isdigit(*cp)) {
                secsfrac += (*cp++ - '0') * 10;
                if (isdigit(*cp)) {
                    secsfrac += (*cp++ - '0');
                }
            }
        }
    }

    while (!isspace(*cp))   /* if any trailing garbage */
        cp++;

    while (isspace(*cp))
        cp++;

 fndhemi:
    switch (*cp) {
    case 'N': case 'n':
    case 'E': case 'e':
        retval = ((unsigned)1<<31)
            + (((((deg * 60) + min) * 60) + secs) * 1000)
            + secsfrac;
        break;
    case 'S': case 's':
    case 'W': case 'w':
        retval = ((unsigned)1<<31)
            - (((((deg * 60) + min) * 60) + secs) * 1000)
            - secsfrac;
        break;
    default:
        retval = 0; /* invalid value -- indicates error */
        break;
    }

    switch (*cp) {
    case 'N': case 'n':
    case 'S': case 's':
        *which = 1; /* latitude */
        break;
    case 'E': case 'e':
    case 'W': case 'w':
        *which = 2; /* longitude */
        break;
    default:
        *which = 0; /* error */
        break;
    }

    cp++;           /* skip the hemisphere */

    while (!isspace(*cp))   /* if any trailing garbage */
        cp++;

    while (isspace(*cp))    /* move to next field */
        cp++;

    *latlonstrptr = cp;

    return (retval);
}

/* converts a zone file representation in a string to an RDATA on-the-wire
 * representation. */
int
loc_aton(
    const char *ascii,
    u_char *binary
    )
{
    const char *cp, *maxcp;
    u_char *bcp;

    u_int32_t latit = 0, longit = 0, alt = 0;
    u_int32_t lltemp1 = 0, lltemp2 = 0;
    int altmeters = 0, altfrac = 0, altsign = 1;
    u_int8_t hp = 0x16; /* default = 1e6 cm = 10000.00m = 10km */
    u_int8_t vp = 0x13; /* default = 1e3 cm = 10.00m */
    u_int8_t siz = 0x12;    /* default = 1e2 cm = 1.00m */
    int which1 = 0, which2 = 0;

    cp = ascii;
    maxcp = cp + strlen(ascii);

    lltemp1 = latlon2ul((char **)&cp, &which1);

    lltemp2 = latlon2ul((char **)&cp, &which2);

    switch (which1 + which2) {
    case 3:         /* 1 + 2, the only valid combination */
        if ((which1 == 1) && (which2 == 2)) { /* normal case */
            latit = lltemp1;
            longit = lltemp2;
        } else if ((which1 == 2) && (which2 == 1)) { /* reversed */
            longit = lltemp1;
            latit = lltemp2;
        } else {    /* some kind of brokenness */
            return (0);
        }
        break;
    default:        /* we didn't get one of each */
        return (0);
    }

    /* altitude */
    if (*cp == '-') {
        altsign = -1;
        cp++;
    }

    if (*cp == '+')
        cp++;

    while (isdigit(*cp))
        altmeters = altmeters * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');

    if (*cp == '.') {       /* decimal meters */
        cp++;
        if (isdigit(*cp)) {
            altfrac = (*cp++ - '0') * 10;
            if (isdigit(*cp)) {
                altfrac += (*cp++ - '0');
            }
        }
    }

    alt = (10000000 + (altsign * (altmeters * 100 + altfrac)));

    while (!isspace(*cp) && (cp < maxcp)) /* if trailing garbage or m */
        cp++;

    while (isspace(*cp) && (cp < maxcp))
        cp++;

    if (cp >= maxcp)
        goto defaults;

    siz = precsize_aton((char **)&cp);

    while (!isspace(*cp) && (cp < maxcp))   /* if trailing garbage or m */
        cp++;

    while (isspace(*cp) && (cp < maxcp))
        cp++;

    if (cp >= maxcp)
        goto defaults;

    hp = precsize_aton((char **)&cp);

    while (!isspace(*cp) && (cp < maxcp))   /* if trailing garbage or m */
        cp++;

    while (isspace(*cp) && (cp < maxcp))
        cp++;

    if (cp >= maxcp)
        goto defaults;

    vp = precsize_aton((char **)&cp);

 defaults:

    bcp = binary;
    *bcp++ = (u_int8_t) 0;  /* version byte */
    *bcp++ = siz;
    *bcp++ = hp;
    *bcp++ = vp;
    PUTLONG(latit,bcp);
    PUTLONG(longit,bcp);
    PUTLONG(alt,bcp);

    return (16);        /* size of RR in octets */
}

/* takes an on-the-wire LOC RR and formats it in a human readable format. */
const char *
loc_ntoa(
    const u_char *binary,
    char *ascii
    )
{
    static char *error = "?";
    const u_char *cp = binary;

    int latdeg, latmin, latsec, latsecfrac;
    int longdeg, longmin, longsec, longsecfrac;
    char northsouth, eastwest;
    int altmeters, altfrac, altsign;

    const u_int32_t referencealt = 100000 * 100;

    int32_t latval, longval, altval;
    u_int32_t templ;
    u_int8_t sizeval, hpval, vpval, versionval;

    char *sizestr, *hpstr, *vpstr;

    versionval = *cp++;

    if (versionval) {
        (void) sprintf(ascii, "; error: unknown LOC RR version");
        return (ascii);
    }

    sizeval = *cp++;

    hpval = *cp++;
    vpval = *cp++;

    GETLONG(templ, cp);
    latval = (templ - ((unsigned)1<<31));

    GETLONG(templ, cp);
    longval = (templ - ((unsigned)1<<31));

    GETLONG(templ, cp);
    if (templ < referencealt) { /* below WGS 84 spheroid */
        altval = referencealt - templ;
        altsign = -1;
    } else {
        altval = templ - referencealt;
        altsign = 1;
    }

    if (latval < 0) {
        northsouth = 'S';
        latval = -latval;
    } else
        northsouth = 'N';

    latsecfrac = latval % 1000;
    latval = latval / 1000;
    latsec = latval % 60;
    latval = latval / 60;
    latmin = latval % 60;
    latval = latval / 60;
    latdeg = latval;

    if (longval < 0) {
        eastwest = 'W';
        longval = -longval;
    } else
        eastwest = 'E';

    longsecfrac = longval % 1000;
    longval = longval / 1000;
    longsec = longval % 60;
    longval = longval / 60;
    longmin = longval % 60;
    longval = longval / 60;
    longdeg = longval;

    altfrac = altval % 100;
    altmeters = (altval / 100) * altsign;

    if ((sizestr = strdup(precsize_ntoa(sizeval))) == NULL)
        sizestr = error;
    if ((hpstr = strdup(precsize_ntoa(hpval))) == NULL)
        hpstr = error;
    if ((vpstr = strdup(precsize_ntoa(vpval))) == NULL)
        vpstr = error;

    sprintf(ascii,
          "%d %.2d %.2d.%.3d %c %d %.2d %.2d.%.3d %c %d.%.2dm %sm %sm %sm",
        latdeg, latmin, latsec, latsecfrac, northsouth,
        longdeg, longmin, longsec, longsecfrac, eastwest,
        altmeters, altfrac, sizestr, hpstr, vpstr);

    if (sizestr != error)
        free(sizestr);
    if (hpstr != error)
        free(hpstr);
    if (vpstr != error)
        free(vpstr);

    return (ascii);
}


/* Return the number of DNS hierarchy levels in the name. */
int
dn_count_labels(const char *name) {
    int i, len, count;

    len = (int)strlen(name);
    for (i = 0, count = 0; i < len; i++) {
        /* XXX need to check for \. or use named's nlabels(). */
        if (name[i] == '.')
            count++;
    }

    /* don't count initial wildcard */
    if (name[0] == '*')
        if (count)
            count--;

    /* don't count the null label for root. */
    /* if terminating '.' not found, must adjust */
    /* count to include last label */
    if (len > 0 && name[len-1] != '.')
        count++;
    return (count);
}


/*
 * Make dates expressed in seconds-since-Jan-1-1970 easy to read.
 * SIG records are required to be printed like this, by the Secure DNS RFC.
 */
char *
p_secstodate (u_long secs) {
    static char output[15];     /* YYYYMMDDHHMMSS and null */
    time_t clock = (time_t)secs;
    struct tm *time;

    time = gmtime(&clock);
    time->tm_year += 1900;
    time->tm_mon += 1;
    sprintf(output, "%04d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d",
        time->tm_year, time->tm_mon, time->tm_mday,
        time->tm_hour, time->tm_min, time->tm_sec);
    return (output);
}