first

1 files changed, 134 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/docs/copyleft.md b/docs/copyleft.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..533f89a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/copyleft.md
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+---
+Generator: 'texi2html 1.82'
+description: Untitled Document
+distribution: global
+keywords: Untitled Document
+resource-type: document
+title: Untitled Document
+...
+
+1. What Is Copyleft? {#what-is-copyleft .chapter}
+====================
+
+@firstcopyingnotice{{Copyright © 1996–2009, 2013 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.\
+ {This essay was originally published on <http://gnu.org>, in 1996. This
+version is part of @fsfsthreecite} Copyleft is a general method for
+making a program (or other work) free, and requiring all modified and
+extended versions of the program to be free as well.
+
+The simplest way to make a program free software is to put it in the
+public domain, uncopyrighted. This allows people to share the program
+and their improvements, if they are so minded. But it also allows
+uncooperative people to convert the program into proprietary software.
+They can make changes, many or few, and distribute the result as a
+proprietary product. People who receive the program in that modified
+form do not have the freedom that the original author gave them; the
+middleman has stripped it away.
+
+In the GNU Project, our aim is to give *all* users the freedom to
+redistribute and change GNU software. If middlemen could strip off the
+freedom, we might have many users, but those users would not have
+freedom. So instead of putting GNU software in the public domain, we
+“copyleft” it. Copyleft says that anyone who redistributes the software,
+with or without changes, must pass along the freedom to further copy and
+change it. Copyleft guarantees that every user has freedom.
+
+Copyleft also provides an incentive for other programmers to add to free
+software. Important free programs such as the GNU C++ compiler exist
+only because of this.
+
+Copyleft also helps programmers who want to contribute improvements to
+free software get permission to do so. These programmers often work for
+companies or universities that would do almost anything to get more
+money. A programmer may want to contribute her changes to the community,
+but her employer may want to turn the changes into a proprietary
+software product.
+
+When we explain to the employer that it is illegal to distribute the
+improved version except as free software, the employer usually decides
+to release it as free software rather than throw it away.
+
+To copyleft a program, we first state that it is copyrighted; then we
+add distribution terms, which are a legal instrument that gives everyone
+the rights to use, modify, and redistribute the program’s code, *or any
+program derived from it,* but only if the distribution terms are
+unchanged. Thus, the code and the freedoms become legally inseparable.
+
+Proprietary software developers use copyright to take away the users’
+freedom; we use copyright to guarantee their freedom. That’s why we
+reverse the name, changing “copyright” into “copyleft.”
+
+Copyleft is a way of using of the copyright on the program. It doesn’t
+mean abandoning the copyright; in fact, doing so would make copyleft
+impossible. The “left” in “copyleft” is not a reference to the verb “to
+leave”—only to the direction which is the inverse of “right.”
+
+Copyleft is a general concept, and you can’t use a general concept
+directly; you can only use a specific implementation of the concept. In
+the GNU Project, the specific distribution terms that we use for most
+software are contained in the GNU General Public License
+(@pageref{GPL}). The GNU General Public License is often called the GNU
+GPL for short. There is also a Frequently Asked Questions page about the
+GNU GPL, at <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html>. You can also read
+about why the FSF gets copyright assignments from contributors, at
+<http://gnu.org/copyleft/why-assign.html>.
+
+An alternate form of copyleft, the GNU Affero General Public License
+(AGPL), is designed for programs that are likely to be used on servers.
+It ensures that modified versions used to implement services available
+to the public are released as source code to the public.
+
+An alternate form of copyleft, the GNU Lesser General Public License
+(LGPL) (@pageref{LGPL}), applies to a few (but not all) GNU libraries.
+To learn more about properly using the LGPL, please read the article
+“Why You Shouldn’t Use the Lesser GPL for Your Next Library,” available
+at <http://gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
+
+The GNU Free Documentation License (FDL) (@pageref{FDL}) is a form of
+copyleft intended for use on a manual, textbook or other document to
+assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
+or without modifications, either commercially or noncommercially.
+
+The appropriate license is included in many manuals and in each GNU
+source code distribution.
+
+All these licenses are designed so that you can easily apply them to
+your own works, assuming you are the copyright holder. You don’t have to
+modify the license to do this, just include a copy of the license in the
+work, and add notices in the source files that refer properly to the
+license.
+
+Using the same distribution terms for many different programs makes it
+easy to copy code between various different programs. When they all have
+the same distribution terms, there is no problem. The Lesser GPL,
+version 2, includes a provision that lets you alter the distribution
+terms to the ordinary GPL, so that you can copy code into another
+program covered by the GPL. Version 3 of the Lesser GPL is built as an
+exception added to GPL version 3, making the compatibility automatic.
+
+If you would like to copyleft your program with the GNU GPL or the GNU
+LGPL, please see the license instructions page, at
+<http://gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-howto.html>, for advice. Please note that
+you must use the entire text of the license you choose. Each is an
+integral whole, and partial copies are not permitted.
+
+If you would like to copyleft your manual with the GNU FDL, please see
+the instructions at the end of the FDL text (@pageref{FDL
+Instructions}), and the GFDL instructions page, at
+<http://gnu.org/copyleft/fdl-howto.html>. Again, partial copies are not
+permitted.
+
+It is a legal mistake to use a backwards C in a circle instead of a
+copyright symbol. Copyleft is based legally on copyright, so the work
+should have a copyright notice. A copyright notice requires either the
+copyright symbol (a C in a circle) or the word “Copyright.”
+
+A backwards C in a circle has no special legal significance, so it
+doesn’t make a copyright notice. It may be amusing in book covers,
+posters, and such, but be careful how you represent it in a web page!
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This document was generated by *tonghuix* on *March 25, 2016* using
+[*texi2html 1.82*](http://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/).\