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-1. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Operating System {#the-initial-announcement-of-the-gnuoperatingsystem .chapter}
+1. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Operating System {#the-initial-announcement-of-the-gnuoperatingsystem .chapter}
 =======================================================
 
+1. GNU 操作系统的初始公告
+========
+
 This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by Richard
-Stallman on 27 September 1983.
+Stallman on 27 September 1983.
+
+这是 GNU 工程的原始通告，由理查德·斯托曼（Richard Stallman）于 1983 年 9 月 27 日发表。
 
 The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from this
 initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January 1984.
 Several of the philosophical concepts of free software were not
 clarified until a few years later.
 
-@raggedright @smallfonts @tt @hyphenpenalty=10000
-@parskip=.66@baselineskip @parindent=0pt From
-mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ\
- From: `RMS%MIT-OZ@mit-eddie`\
- Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft\
- Subject: new Unix implementation\
- Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST\
+纵观历史，可以发现 GNU 工程在很多地方都与这份初始通告有很多差异。比如实际是拖延到了 1984 年 1 月才开始。而自由软件的很多哲学理念也是数年之后才得以厘清。
+
+
+````
+From mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ
+ From: `RMS%MIT-OZ@mit-eddie`
+ Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft
+ Subject: new Unix implementation
+ Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST
  Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA
 
 Free Unix!
 
+自由的 Unix！
+
 Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete
 Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu’s Not Unix), and
 give it away free[(1)](#FOOT1) to everyone who can use it. Contributions
 of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed.
 
+今年的感恩节我将写一个完整的类 UNIX 软件系统，命名为 GNU （Gnu's Not Unix），并以
+自由[^1]的方式开放给所有人使用。非常欢迎大家贡献时间、金钱、程序和设备来参与其中。
+
 To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to
 write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, assembler,
 and a few other things. After this we will add a text formatter, a YACC,
@@ -42,6 +45,11 @@ supply, eventually, everything useful that normally comes with a Unix
 system, and anything else useful, including on-line and hardcopy
 documentation.
 
+首先，GNU将是一个内核加上编写和运行C程序所需的所有工具：编辑器，外壳，C语言编译器，链
+接器，汇编器，以及一些其他的东西。在此之后，我们将添加一个文本排版工具，一个YACC，一个
+帝国的游戏，电子表格，以及数百种其他的东西。我们希望最终可以提供一个与普通 UNIX 系统
+一样有用的，并包括一份在线的和印刷版的文档。
+
 @firstcopyingnotice{{@footnoterule Copyright © 1983 Richard Stallman\
  {This announcement is part of @fsfsthreecite}
 
@@ -56,8 +64,16 @@ will be available as system programming languages. We will have network
 software based on MIT’s chaosnet protocol, far superior to UUCP. We may
 also have something compatible with UUCP.
 
+GNU 可以运行 UNIX 程序，但与 UNIX 不完全相同。我们会基于在其他系统上的经验完善其更
+舒适。特别的，我们计划使用更长的文件名，文件版本号，坚固的文件系统，文件名自动完成，
+终端独立显示支持，以及一个基于 Lisp 的窗口系统，最终所有 Lisp 程序和 Unix 程序都
+可以共享同一个屏幕。C 语言和 Lisp 都可以进行编程。还会有基于 MIT 的 chaosnet 协
+议的网络软件，会远远优于 UUCP，同时会兼容 UUCP。
+
 Who Am I?
 
+我是谁？
+
 I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS
 editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked
 extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the
@@ -66,27 +82,47 @@ pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In addition I
 have implemented one crashproof file system and two window systems for
 Lisp machines.
 
+我是理查德·斯托曼，备受关注的 EMACS 编辑器的发明者，现在供职于 MIT（麻省理工大学） 的
+人工智能实验室。我广泛从事过编辑器、编译器、调试器、命令解释器、不兼容分时系统、
+Lisp 机器操作系统。我率先在终端独立显示支持ITS。此外我还实现了一个坚固的文件系统和两个
+Lisp 机器的窗口系统。
+
 Why I Must Write GNU
 
+我为什么必须写 GNU
+
 I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I must
 share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good conscience sign
 a nondisclosure agreement or a software license agreement.
 
+我信奉的一条金科玉律就是如果我喜欢一个程序，那么我必须与其他人一起分享。我不能凭良心签
+署保密协议或软件许可协议。
+
 So that I can continue to use computers without violating my principles,
 I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so
 that I will be able to get along without any software that is not free.
 
+因此我不能继续使用那些破坏我原则的电脑，因此我决定将所有自由软件组合在一起，这样我就
+可以不使用任何不自由的软件了。
+
 How You Can Contribute
 
+如何贡献其中
+
 I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money.
 I’m asking individuals for donations of programs and work.
 
+我正在向计算机厂商索要捐献一些机器和金钱。还向一些个体索要程序和作品。
+
 One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine. But
 we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you donate machines
 is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The machine had better be
 able to operate in a residential area, and not require sophisticated
 cooling or power.
 
+其中一家厂商已经提供了我一台机器。但我们可以用更多。如果你能捐助更多机器，那么 GNU
+将会更早的在上面运行。机器最好能够在一个住宅区内进行操作，并且不需要复杂的冷却或供电。
+
 Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate
 of some Unix utility and giving it to me. For most projects, such
 part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the
@@ -96,29 +132,37 @@ interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each
 contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work with the
 rest of GNU.
 
+独立程序员可以写一些 Unix 组件并将其贡献给我。对大多数项目而言，如此大规模的分布式项
+目通过兼职很难协作，独立完成的部分可能很难组合在一起。然而对替换 Unix 的任务而言，
+这个问题并不存在。大多数接口规格已经通过 Unix 兼容固定下来了。如果每个贡献者的作品可
+以和 Unix 工作在一起，那么一样可以工作在 GNU 上。
+
 If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or
 part time. The salary won’t be high, but I’m looking for people for whom
 knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I view this
 as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to
 working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way.
 
-For more information, contact me.\
- Arpanet mail:\
-   RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA
+如果我获得了捐助的金钱，我可能需要聘用一些人全职或者兼职工作。薪水可能不高，但是我希望
+能找到那些认识到自己工作是帮助人类而不仅仅是金钱。我认为这也许会让不遗余力谋生的人的另
+一种方式，就是将自己的全部能量投入到 GNU 中。
 
-Usenet:\
-   ...!mit-eddie!RMS@OZ   ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ
+For more information, contact me.
 
-US Snail:\
-   Richard Stallman\
-   166 Prospect St\
-   Cambridge, MA 02139 @end raggedright
+联系我以获取更多资讯。
 
-<div class="footnote">
+Arpanet 邮件：
+   RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Usenet：
+   ...!mit-eddie!RMS@OZ   ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ
 
-### Footnotes
+美国邮政:
+   Richard Stallman
+   166 Prospect St
+   Cambridge, MA 02139 @end raggedright
+
+````
 
 ### [(1)](#DOCF1)
 
@@ -128,9 +172,5 @@ words don’t make this clear, and people often interpret them as saying
 that copies of GNU should always be distributed at little or no charge.
 That was never the intent. @end raggedright
 
-</div>
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[^1]:这里用词没有注意，初衷是想说没有人需要为使用 GNU 系统而索要*授权*。然而这个词没有说的很清晰，结果人们经常以为获取 GNU 的副本需要很少或者免费。而这从来都是不是目的。
 
-This document was generated by *tonghuix* on *March 25, 2016* using
-[*texi2html 1.82*](http://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/).\