Update "Right to Read"

Translation by Nadebula on May 12th

1 files changed, 133 insertions, 17 deletions

diff --git a/docs/right-to-read.md b/docs/right-to-read.md
index 2f74222..79b40a4 100644
--- a/docs/right-to-read.md
+++ b/docs/right-to-read.md
@@ -217,14 +217,25 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
 
 ### Author’s Notes {#authors-notes .subheading}
 
+### 作者注记
+
 -   This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written
     in the future by someone else, describing Dan Halbert’s youth under
     a repressive society shaped by the enemies that use “pirate”
     as propaganda. So it uses the terminology of that society. I have
     tried to project it from today so as to sound even more oppressive.
     See “Piracy,” on @pageref{Piracy}.
+
+-   本文据说应该是由其他人在未来撰写的一篇历史文章，描述了 Dan Halbert 在
+    一种专制社会下的青年生活，这种专制社会是由那些将“盗版”作为宣传口号的
+    敌人创立的。因此本文使用那种社会下的用语。我尝试从今天的视角呈现它，
+    使其看起来更具压迫性。
+
 -   The following note has been updated several times since the first
     publication of the story.\
+
+-   以下注记自本文初次发表之后经过数次更新。\
+
      The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may
     take 50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity,
     most of the specific laws and practices described above have already
@@ -237,6 +248,15 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
     2006, mere possession of a copy of DeCSS, the free program to
     decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.
 
+    阅读的权利是一场于今天打响的斗争，尽管可能需要经过 50 年的时间才能使
+    我们现在的生活方式成为灰暗的记忆，上文所述的大部分特定法律和实践已经
+    被提议，它们中的许多已经在美国和其他地区被通过并成为正式的法律。在美
+    国，1998 年的数字千年版权法案（DMCA）为限制阅读与出借计算机化的图书
+    （及其他形式的作品）建立了法律基础。欧盟在 2001 年通过的一项版权指导
+    意见中实施了类似的限制。在法国，随着“信息社会的作者权利与相关权利法
+    案”（DADVSI）于 2006 年通过，仅仅是拥有 DeCSS，一款用于解密数码多功
+    能影像光盘（DVD）的自由软件，的一份副本即被视为犯罪。
+
     In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the
     SSSCA that would require every new computer to have mandatory
     copy-restriction facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following
@@ -247,11 +267,23 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
     unpronounceable CBDTPA, which was glossed as the “Consume But Don’t
     Try Programming Act.”
 
+    在 2001 年，由迪士尼赞助的参议员 Hollings 提出了一项称为“安全系统与
+    标准认证法案”（SSSCA）的法律，其要求每台新计算机带有强制性的限制复制
+    设备并且禁止用户绕过它。继 Clipper 芯片及类似的美国政府关于密钥保管
+    的提案之后，这显示了一种长期趋势：计算机系统越来越倾向于赋予不在场者
+    对该计算机系统的实际使用者进行有效控制的权力。SSSCA 随后更名为“消费
+    者宽带和数字电视促进法案”（CBDTPA）这一不可拼读的名称，它被评注为“消
+    灭但不要尝试编程法案”（Consume But Don't Try Programming Act）。
+
     The Republicans took control of the US Senate shortly thereafter.
     They are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not
     press these proposals. Now that the Democrats are back in control,
     the danger is once again higher.
 
+    随后不久，共和党人控制了美国参议院。他们与好莱坞的联系不如民主党人那
+    样密切，因此他们没有强行推动这些提案。现在民主党人重新获得控制权，我
+    们所面临的威胁进一步升高。
+
     In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed “Free Trade”
     Area of the Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all
     the countries in the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the
@@ -261,6 +293,12 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
     killed by Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA
     requirement and others.
 
+    在 2001 年，美国开始试图利用它所倡议的美洲“自由贸易”区（FTAA）条约来
+    向整个西半球强制施加相同规则。FTAA 是一种所谓的“自由贸易”条约，它们
+    实际上是被设计用于赋予商业企业更多凌驾于民主政府之上的权力；强制推行
+    诸如 DMCA 的法律正式这种精神的典型体现。而 FTAA 事实上由时任巴西总统
+    卢拉否决，此人拒绝接受 DMCA 及其他类似法规的条件。
+
     Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries
     such as Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade”
     agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through another
@@ -268,11 +306,19 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
     trade” agreement with the US, but I’ve heard Ecuador had adopted
     something like the DMCA in 2003.
 
+    此后，美国通过一系列“自由贸易”协定将类似的条件强行施加给诸如澳大利亚
+    和墨西哥等国，并且通过另一纸条约，中美洲自由贸易协定（CAFTA），将其
+    强行施加给哥斯达黎加等国。时任厄瓜多尔总统科雷亚拒绝与美国签署一项
+    “自由贸易”协定，但我听说厄瓜多尔已经于 2003 年采纳了类似于 DMCA 的法案。
+
     One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality
     until 2002. This is the idea that the FBI and Microsoft will keep
     the root passwords for your personal computers, and not let you
     have them.
 
+    这个故事中的某一种理念直到 2002 年还未在现实中被提议，这种理念是由 FBI 
+    和微软掌控您的个人计算机的 root 口令并且不会让您得到它们。
+
     The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as “trusted
     computing” and “Palladium.” We call it “treacherous
     computing”[(1)](#FOOT1) because the effect is to make your computer
@@ -282,6 +328,12 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
     manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but the FBI would have
     little trouble getting it.
 
+    这一阴谋的倡导者将其命名为诸如“信任计算”或者“Palladium”。我们称之为
+    “背叛计算”[(1)](#FOOT1)，由于其效果是使您的计算机听命于商业公司，甚至
+    到了不再听命于您而是违抗您的地步。这在 2007 年作为 Windows Vista 的一
+    部分被实施[(2)](#FOOT2)；我们可以预见苹果也会做出类似的事情。在这种阴
+    谋中，由计算机制造商掌控其秘密代码，但 FBI 对它同样是唾手可得。
+
     What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional
     sense; no person ever types it on a terminal. Rather, it is a
     signature and encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored
@@ -289,6 +341,11 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
     sites that cooperate with Microsoft, the ultimate control over what
     the user can do on his own computer.
 
+    确切地说，微软所掌控的并不是传统意义上的口令；由于无人能够在终端上输
+    入它。与之相反，它是一种数字签名和加密密钥，它对应着存储在您的计算机
+    上的另一个密钥。这将允许微软以及任何潜在与微软合作的网站对于用户能够
+    在其计算机上做的事情进行完全控制。
+
     Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance,
     Microsoft can forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all
     machines running Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver. The
@@ -297,6 +354,11 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
     DRM is why we have established the Defective by Design campaign, at
     [DefectiveByDesign.org](DefectiveByDesign.org).
 
+    Vista 同样赋予了微软额外的权力；例如，微软可以强制安装更新，它可以命
+    令所有运行 Vista 的计算机拒绝运行某一特定的设备驱动程序。Vista 所施加
+    的诸多限制的主要目的是强制实施用户所不能克服的数字版权管理（DRM）。DRM 
+    的威胁正是我们发起 Defective by Design 运动的原因，它位于 [DefectiveByDesign.org](DefectiveByDesign.org)。
+
     When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small
     Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor
     all users. Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they
@@ -312,10 +374,23 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
     campaign in Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that
     people sharing software would be raped.
 
+    当这段故事初次编写之时，SPA 威胁小型互联网服务供应商（ISP），要求它们
+    允许 SPA 监控所有用户。大多数 ISP 在受到威胁的时候都妥协了，由于它们
+    打不起官司。一家位于加利福尼亚州奥克兰的 ISP，Community ConneXion 拒
+    绝了这一要求，并且确实被起诉了。SPA 随后撤诉，但它得到了 DMCA 的支持，
+    这赋予了它们一直渴求的权力。SPA，实际上是软件发行商协会之意，由商业软
+    件联盟（BSA）取代了其类似于警察的职责。在今天，BSA 不是一支官方警察力
+    量，但它却在以非官方的方式行使这种权力。通过使用使我们想起前苏联的手
+    段，它邀请人们举报其同事和朋友。于 2001 年在阿根廷发生的一起 BSA 恐怖
+    行动几乎毫无遮掩地威胁人们：分享软件将被处以酷刑。
+
     The university security policies described above are not imaginary.
     For example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed
     this message upon login:
 
+    上文描述的大学安全政策并非毫无实据。例如，芝加哥地区的某大学的一台计算
+    机在登录时显示了以下信息：
+
     > This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals
     > using this computer system without authority or in the excess of
     > their authority are subject to having all their activities on this
@@ -329,52 +404,91 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan，而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终�
     > monitoring to University authorities and/or law
     > enforcement officials.
 
+    > 本系统仅供授权用户使用。对于任何未经授权或者超出其授权范围使用本系
+    > 统的个人，其在本系统上进行的所有活动将被监控并且记录。在对任何人不
+    > 当使用本系统进行监控或者系统维护期间，授权用户的行为也可能被监控。
+    > 任何使用本系统的个人必须明确同意接受这种监控，并且此监控一旦发现可
+    > 能指证非法行为或者侵犯大学规定的行为的证据，本系统可能将通过此监控
+    > 发现的证据移交至大学权利结构和/或官方执法机构。
+
     This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure
     most everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it.
 
+    这是一种类似于美国宪法第四修正案的有趣方式：首先施压以迫使几乎所有人
+    放弃他们的权利。
+
 ### Bad News {#bad-news .subheading}
 
+### 坏消息
+
 The battle for the right to read is already in progress. The enemy is is
 organized, while we are not, so it is going against us. Examples of bad
 things that have happened since the original publication of this article
 include:
 
+关于阅读的权利的斗争已经在进行中了，敌人已经有备而来严阵以待，而我们还没
+有。因此这场斗争正在向着对我们不利的方向进行。自本文初次发表之日起发生的
+一些代表性的坏消息包括：
+
 -   Today’s commercial e-books abolish readers’ traditional freedoms.
     See “The Danger of E-Books” (@pageref{E-Books Danger}) for more
     on this.
+
+-   今天的商业性电子书剥夺了读者的传统自由。参见(@pageref{E-Books Danger})
+    的“电子书的威胁”一文以获得更多信息；
+
 -   The publication of a “biology textbook” web site[(3)](#FOOT3) that
     you can access only by signing a contract not to lend it to anyone
     else,[(4)](#FOOT4) which the publisher can revoke at will.
+
+-   某一“生物课本”网站[(3)](#FOOT3)允许您访问其出版物，仅当您签订合同以
+    保证不会将其借给任何人阅读[(4)](#FOOT4)。而出版商可以随意废除此合同；
+
 -   Electronic publishing’s curtailment of user freedom.[(5)](#FOOT5)
+
+-   电子出版物限制其用户的自由[(5)](#FOOT5)；
+
 -   Books inside computers:[(6)](#FOOT6) software to control who can
     read books and documents on a computer.
 
+-   计算机中的图书[(6)](#FOOT6)：用于控制谁可以在一台计算机上阅读图书和
+    文档的软件。
+
 If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need to
 organize and fight. The FSF’s Defective by Design campaign has made a
 start; subscribe to the campaign’s mailing list to lend a hand. And join
 the FSF, at <http://my.fsf.org/join>, to help fund our work.
 
+如果我们想要阻止这样的坏消息并且带来一些好消息，我们需要组织起来并且进行
+斗争。自由软件基金会（FSF）的 Defective by Design 运动已经为这场斗争拉开
+序幕；订阅该运动的邮件列表以提供支持。并且加入 FSF 以资助我们的工作。
+
 ### References {#references .subheading}
 
+### 参考文献
+
 -   @raggedright
--   United States Patent and Trademark Office, Intellectual Property
+
+-   美国专利及商标局（USPTO），Intellectual Property
     \[*sic*\] and the National Information Infrastructure: The Report of
     the Working Group on Intellectual Property \[*sic*\] Rights,
-    Washington, DC: GPO, 1995. (See “Did You Say ‘Intellectual
-    Property’? It’s a Seductive Mirage” (@pageref{Not IPR}) for why the
-    term “Intellectual Property” is incoherent and should never
-    be used.)
+    Washington, DC: GPO, 1995. (参见 “Did You Say ‘Intellectual
+    Property’? It’s a Seductive Mirage” (@pageref{Not IPR}) 一文以获知为何
+    “Intellectual Property” 这一短语是含混不清的并且永远不应被使用。)
+
 -   Samuelson, Pamela, “The Copyright Grab,” *Wired,* January 1996,
     4.01, <http://wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html>.
+
 -   Boyle, James, “Sold Out,” *New York Times,* 31 March 1996, sec.
-    4, p. 15; also available at
+    4, p. 15; 也可以在这里找到：
     <https://law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm>.
--   Editorial, *Washington Post,* “Public Data or Private Data,”
+
+-   社论, *Washington Post,* “Public Data or Private Data,”
     3 November 1996, sec. C, p. 6, [http://web.archive.org/web/\
     20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html](http://web.archive.org/web/%3Cbr%3E20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html).
--   Union for the Public Domain—an organization which aims to resist and
-    reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers. @end
-    raggedright
+
+-   公有领域联盟（Union for the Public Domain）——一个致力于抵抗并且逆转版权和专利的权力过度扩张的组织。
+    @end raggedright
 
 <div class="footnote">
 
@@ -384,13 +498,13 @@ the FSF, at <http://my.fsf.org/join>, to help fund our work.
 
 ### [(1)](#DOCF1)
 
-@raggedright See “Can You Trust Your Computer?” (@pageref{Can You
-Trust}) for more on “trusted computing.” @end raggedright
+@raggedright 参见 “Can You Trust Your Computer?” (@pageref{Can You
+Trust}) 一文以获得更多关于“信任计算”的信息。 @end raggedright
 
 ### [(2)](#DOCF2)
 
-@raggedright See <http://badvista.fsf.org/> for our campaigns against
-Windows Vista. @end raggedright
+@raggedright 参见 <http://badvista.fsf.org/> 以了解我们反对 Windows Vista
+的运动。 @end raggedright
 
 ### [(3)](#DOCF3)
 
@@ -406,12 +520,12 @@ Notice,” accessed August 2015,
 
 ### [(5)](#DOCF5)
 
-@raggedright See Don Clark’s article “Seybold Opens Chapter on Digital
+@raggedright 参见 Don Clark 的文章 “Seybold Opens Chapter on Digital
 Books” (31 August 1999,
 [http://www.zdnet.com/article/seybold-opens-chapter-on-\
 digital-books/](http://www.zdnet.com/article/seybold-opens-chapter-on-%3Cbr%3Edigital-books/)),
-about distribution of books in electronic form and copyright issues
-affecting the right to read a copy. @end raggedright
+以获知有关以电子形式发布图书以及影响到阅读其副本的权利的版权问题的信息。
+@end raggedright
 
 ### [(6)](#DOCF6)
 
@@ -426,3 +540,5 @@ raggedright
 
 This document was generated by *tonghuix* on *March 25, 2016* using
 [*texi2html 1.82*](http://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/).\
+
+汉化：Nadebula