From ac3cbaf75b227ef4b06b8997be1de23a7111332f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: persmule Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2016 00:22:45 +0800 Subject: finish proofreading of the five documents. --- docs/initial-announcement.md | 91 ++------------------------------------------ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/initial-announcement.md') diff --git a/docs/initial-announcement.md b/docs/initial-announcement.md index d16cea1..7fb94eb 100644 --- a/docs/initial-announcement.md +++ b/docs/initial-announcement.md @@ -1,19 +1,8 @@ -1. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Operating System {#the-initial-announcement-of-the-gnuoperatingsystem .chapter} -======================================================= - 1. GNU 操作系统的初始公告 ======== -This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by Richard -Stallman on 27 September 1983. - 这是 GNU 工程的原始通告，由理查德·斯托曼（Richard Stallman）于 1983 年 9 月 27 日发表。 -The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from this -initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January 1984. -Several of the philosophical concepts of free software were not -clarified until a few years later. - 纵观历史，可以发现 GNU 工程在很多地方都与这份初始通告有很多差异。比如实际是拖延到了 1984 年 1 月才开始。而自由软件的很多哲学理念也是数年之后才得以厘清。 @@ -25,44 +14,15 @@ From mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA -Free Unix! - 自由的 Unix！ -Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete -Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu’s Not Unix), and -give it away free[(1)](#FOOT1) to everyone who can use it. Contributions -of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed. - 今年的感恩节我要去写一个完整的类 UNIX 软件系统，命名为 GNU （Gnu's Not Unix），并以 自由[^1]的方式开放给所有人使用。非常欢迎大家贡献时间、金钱、程序和设备来参与其中。 -To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to -write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, assembler, -and a few other things. After this we will add a text formatter, a YACC, -an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other things. We hope to -supply, eventually, everything useful that normally comes with a Unix -system, and anything else useful, including on-line and hardcopy -documentation. - 首先，GNU 将是一个内核加上编写和运行 C 程序所需的所有工具：编辑器，外壳，C 语言编译器，链 接器，汇编器，以及一些其他的东西。在此之后，我们将添加一个文本排版工具，一个 YACC，一个 -帝国的游戏，电子表格，以及数百种其他的东西。我们希望最终可以提供一个与普通 UNIX 系统 -一样有用的，并包括一份在线的和印刷版的文档。 - -@firstcopyingnotice{{@footnoterule Copyright © 1983 Richard Stallman\ - {This announcement is part of @fsfsthreecite} - -GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to -Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our -experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to have -longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, -filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and -eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp -programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C and Lisp -will be available as system programming languages. We will have network -software based on MIT’s chaosnet protocol, far superior to UUCP. We may -also have something compatible with UUCP. +帝国的游戏，电子表格，以及数百种其他的东西。我们希望最终可以提供一切一般和 UNIX 系统 +一起出现的有用的东西，并包括一份在线的和印刷版的文档。 GNU 可以运行 UNIX 程序，但不会与 UNIX 完全相同。我们会基于在其他系统上的经验完善之 以使其更舒适。特别的，我们计划使用更长的文件名，文件版本号，抗崩溃的文件系统，可能还有 @@ -70,56 +30,25 @@ GNU 可以运行 UNIX 程序，但不会与 UNIX 完全相同。我们会基于 Unix 程序都可以共享同一个屏幕。C 语言和 Lisp 都可以作为系统编程语言。还会有基于 MIT 的 chaosnet 协议的网络软件，会远远优于 UUCP。我们还会有某些东西来兼容 UUCP。 -Who Am I? - 我是谁？ -I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS -editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked -extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the -Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating system. I -pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In addition I -have implemented one crashproof file system and two window systems for -Lisp machines. - 我是理查德·斯托曼，备受模仿的原版 EMACS 编辑器的发明者，现在供职于 MIT（麻省理工大学）的 人工智能实验室。我广泛从事过编辑器、编译器、调试器、命令解释器、不兼容分时系统、 Lisp 机器操作系统。我率先在终端独立显示支持ITS。此外我还实现了一个坚固的文件系统和两个 Lisp 机器的窗口系统。 -Why I Must Write GNU - 我为什么必须写 GNU -I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I must -share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good conscience sign -a nondisclosure agreement or a software license agreement. - 我信奉的一条金科玉律就是如果我喜欢一个程序，那么我必须与其他人一起分享。我不能凭良心签 署保密协议或软件许可协议。 -So that I can continue to use computers without violating my principles, -I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so -that I will be able to get along without any software that is not free. - 因此我不能继续使用那些破坏我原则的电脑，因此我决定将所有自由软件组合在一起，这样我就 可以不使用任何不自由的软件了。 -How You Can Contribute - 如何贡献其中 -I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money. -I’m asking individuals for donations of programs and work. - 我正在向计算机厂商索要捐献一些机器和金钱。还向一些个体索要程序和作品。 -One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine. But -we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you donate machines -is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The machine had better be -able to operate in a residential area, and not require sophisticated -cooling or power. - 其中一家厂商已经提供了我一台机器。但我们可以用更多。如果你能捐助更多机器，那么 GNU 将会更早地在上面运行。机器最好能够在一个住宅区内进行操作，并且不需要复杂的冷却或供电。 @@ -132,23 +61,15 @@ interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work with the rest of GNU. -独立程序员可以写一些 Unix 组件并将其贡献给我。对大多数项目而言，如此大规模的分布式项 +独立程序员可以写一些 Unix 工具的兼容复制品并将其贡献给我。对大多数项目而言，如此大规模的分布式项 目通过兼职很难协作，独立完成的部分可能很难组合在一起。然而对替换 Unix 的任务而言， 这个问题并不存在。大多数接口规格已经通过 Unix 兼容固定下来了。如果每个贡献者的作品都可 以和 Unix 的剩余部分工作在一起，那么多半一样可以和 GNU 的剩余部分一起工作。 -If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or -part time. The salary won’t be high, but I’m looking for people for whom -knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I view this -as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to -working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way. - 如果我获得了捐助的金钱，我可能需要聘用一些人全职或者兼职工作。薪水可能不高，但是我希望 能找到这样的人，对他们而言认识到自己工作是帮助人类和赚钱一样重要。我将其看作一种让有 献身精神的人们无需按它法谋生，而将他们的全部精力投入到 GNU 的工作上的途径。 -For more information, contact me. - 联系我以获取更多资讯。 Arpanet 邮件： @@ -166,11 +87,5 @@ Usenet： ### [(1)](#DOCF1) -@raggedright The wording here was careless. The intention was that -nobody would have to pay for *permission* to use the GNU system. But the -words don’t make this clear, and people often interpret them as saying -that copies of GNU should always be distributed at little or no charge. -That was never the intent. @end raggedright - [^1]:这里用词没有注意，初衷是想说没有人需要为使用 GNU 系统而索要*授权*。然而这个词没有说的很清晰，结果人们经常以为获取 GNU 的副本需要很少或者免费。而这从来都是不是目的。 -- cgit v1.2.3