/*
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2015 ARM Limited
 * All rights reserved
 *
 * The license below extends only to copyright in the software and shall
 * not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual
 * property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
 * to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
 * licensed hereunder.  You may use the software subject to the license
 * terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated
 * unmodified and in its entirety in all distributions of the software,
 * modified or unmodified, in source code or in binary form.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Authors: Mitch Hayenga
 */

#include "mem/cache/prefetch/queued.hh"

#include <cassert>

#include "base/logging.hh"
#include "base/trace.hh"
#include "debug/HWPrefetch.hh"
#include "mem/request.hh"
#include "params/QueuedPrefetcher.hh"

QueuedPrefetcher::QueuedPrefetcher(const QueuedPrefetcherParams *p)
    : BasePrefetcher(p), queueSize(p->queue_size), latency(p->latency),
      queueSquash(p->queue_squash), queueFilter(p->queue_filter),
      cacheSnoop(p->cache_snoop), tagPrefetch(p->tag_prefetch)
{

}

QueuedPrefetcher::~QueuedPrefetcher()
{
    // Delete the queued prefetch packets
    for (DeferredPacket &p : pfq) {
        delete p.pkt;
    }
}

void
QueuedPrefetcher::notify(const PacketPtr &pkt, const PrefetchInfo &pfi)
{
    Addr blk_addr = blockAddress(pfi.getAddr());
    bool is_secure = pfi.isSecure();

    // Squash queued prefetches if demand miss to same line
    if (queueSquash) {
        auto itr = pfq.begin();
        while (itr != pfq.end()) {
            if (itr->pfInfo.getAddr() == blk_addr &&
                itr->pfInfo.isSecure() == is_secure) {
                delete itr->pkt;
                itr = pfq.erase(itr);
            } else {
                ++itr;
            }
        }
    }

    // Calculate prefetches given this access
    std::vector<AddrPriority> addresses;
    calculatePrefetch(pfi, addresses);

    // Queue up generated prefetches
    for (AddrPriority& addr_prio : addresses) {

        // Block align prefetch address
        addr_prio.first = blockAddress(addr_prio.first);

        if (samePage(pfi.getAddr(), addr_prio.first)) {
            PrefetchInfo new_pfi(pfi,addr_prio.first);

            pfIdentified++;
            DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "Found a pf candidate addr: %#x, "
                    "inserting into prefetch queue.\n", new_pfi.getAddr());

            // Create and insert the request
            insert(pkt, new_pfi, addr_prio.second);
        } else {
            // Record the number of page crossing prefetches generate
            pfSpanPage += 1;
            DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "Ignoring page crossing prefetch.\n");
        }
    }
}

PacketPtr
QueuedPrefetcher::getPacket()
{
    DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "Requesting a prefetch to issue.\n");

    if (pfq.empty()) {
        DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "No hardware prefetches available.\n");
        return nullptr;
    }

    PacketPtr pkt = pfq.front().pkt;
    pfq.pop_front();

    pfIssued++;
    assert(pkt != nullptr);
    DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "Generating prefetch for %#x.\n", pkt->getAddr());
    return pkt;
}

QueuedPrefetcher::const_iterator
QueuedPrefetcher::inPrefetch(const PrefetchInfo &pfi) const
{
    for (const_iterator dp = pfq.begin(); dp != pfq.end(); dp++) {
        if (dp->pfInfo.sameAddr(pfi)) return dp;
    }

    return pfq.end();
}

QueuedPrefetcher::iterator
QueuedPrefetcher::inPrefetch(const PrefetchInfo &pfi)
{
    for (iterator dp = pfq.begin(); dp != pfq.end(); dp++) {
        if (dp->pfInfo.sameAddr(pfi)) return dp;
    }

    return pfq.end();
}

void
QueuedPrefetcher::regStats()
{
    BasePrefetcher::regStats();

    pfIdentified
        .name(name() + ".pfIdentified")
        .desc("number of prefetch candidates identified");

    pfBufferHit
        .name(name() + ".pfBufferHit")
        .desc("number of redundant prefetches already in prefetch queue");

    pfInCache
        .name(name() + ".pfInCache")
        .desc("number of redundant prefetches already in cache/mshr dropped");

    pfRemovedFull
        .name(name() + ".pfRemovedFull")
        .desc("number of prefetches dropped due to prefetch queue size");

    pfSpanPage
        .name(name() + ".pfSpanPage")
        .desc("number of prefetches not generated due to page crossing");
}

void
QueuedPrefetcher::insert(const PacketPtr &pkt, PrefetchInfo &new_pfi,
                         int32_t priority)
{
    if (queueFilter) {
        iterator it = inPrefetch(new_pfi);
        /* If the address is already in the queue, update priority and leave */
        if (it != pfq.end()) {
            pfBufferHit++;
            if (it->priority < priority) {
                /* Update priority value and position in the queue */
                it->priority = priority;
                iterator prev = it;
                bool cont = true;
                while (cont && prev != pfq.begin()) {
                    prev--;
                    /* If the packet has higher priority, swap */
                    if (*it > *prev) {
                        std::swap(*it, *prev);
                        it = prev;
                    }
                }
                DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "Prefetch addr already in "
                    "prefetch queue, priority updated\n");
            } else {
                DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "Prefetch addr already in "
                    "prefetch queue\n");
            }
            return;
        }
    }

    Addr target_addr = new_pfi.getAddr();
    if (useVirtualAddresses) {
        assert(pkt->req->hasPaddr());
        //if we trained with virtual addresses, compute the phsysical address
        if (new_pfi.getAddr() >= pkt->req->getVaddr()) {
            //positive stride
            target_addr = pkt->req->getPaddr() +
                (new_pfi.getAddr() - pkt->req->getVaddr());
        } else {
            //negative stride
            target_addr = pkt->req->getPaddr() -
                (pkt->req->getVaddr() - new_pfi.getAddr());
        }
    }

    if (cacheSnoop && (inCache(target_addr, new_pfi.isSecure()) ||
                inMissQueue(target_addr, new_pfi.isSecure()))) {
        pfInCache++;
        DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "Dropping redundant in "
                "cache/MSHR prefetch addr:%#x\n", target_addr);
        return;
    }

    /* Create a prefetch memory request */
    RequestPtr pf_req =
        std::make_shared<Request>(target_addr, blkSize, 0, masterId);

    if (new_pfi.isSecure()) {
        pf_req->setFlags(Request::SECURE);
    }
    pf_req->taskId(ContextSwitchTaskId::Prefetcher);
    PacketPtr pf_pkt = new Packet(pf_req, MemCmd::HardPFReq);
    pf_pkt->allocate();
    if (tagPrefetch && new_pfi.hasPC()) {
        // Tag prefetch packet with  accessing pc
        pf_pkt->req->setPC(new_pfi.getPC());
    }

    /* Verify prefetch buffer space for request */
    if (pfq.size() == queueSize) {
        pfRemovedFull++;
        /* Lowest priority packet */
        iterator it = pfq.end();
        panic_if (it == pfq.begin(), "Prefetch queue is both full and empty!");
        --it;
        /* Look for oldest in that level of priority */
        panic_if (it == pfq.begin(), "Prefetch queue is full with 1 element!");
        iterator prev = it;
        bool cont = true;
        /* While not at the head of the queue */
        while (cont && prev != pfq.begin()) {
            prev--;
            /* While at the same level of priority */
            cont = prev->priority == it->priority;
            if (cont)
                /* update pointer */
                it = prev;
        }
        DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "Prefetch queue full, removing lowest priority "
                            "oldest packet, addr: %#x", it->pfInfo.getAddr());
        delete it->pkt;
        pfq.erase(it);
    }

    Tick pf_time = curTick() + clockPeriod() * latency;
    DPRINTF(HWPrefetch, "Prefetch queued. "
            "addr:%#x priority: %3d tick:%lld.\n",
            target_addr, priority, pf_time);

    /* Create the packet and find the spot to insert it */
    DeferredPacket dpp(new_pfi, pf_time, pf_pkt, priority);
    if (pfq.size() == 0) {
        pfq.emplace_back(dpp);
    } else {
        iterator it = pfq.end();
        do {
            --it;
        } while (it != pfq.begin() && dpp > *it);
        /* If we reach the head, we have to see if the new element is new head
         * or not */
        if (it == pfq.begin() && dpp <= *it)
            it++;
        pfq.insert(it, dpp);
    }
}