/*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2019 ARM Limited
* All rights reserved
*
* The license below extends only to copyright in the software and shall
* not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual
* property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
* to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
* licensed hereunder. You may use the software subject to the license
* terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated
* unmodified and in its entirety in all distributions of the software,
* modified or unmodified, in source code or in binary form.
*
* Copyright (c) 2013 Amin Farmahini-Farahani
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
* redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
* neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* Authors: Andreas Hansson
* Ani Udipi
* Neha Agarwal
* Omar Naji
* Wendy Elsasser
* Radhika Jagtap
*/
#include "mem/dram_ctrl.hh"
#include "base/bitfield.hh"
#include "base/trace.hh"
#include "debug/DRAM.hh"
#include "debug/DRAMPower.hh"
#include "debug/DRAMState.hh"
#include "debug/Drain.hh"
#include "debug/QOS.hh"
#include "sim/system.hh"
using namespace std;
using namespace Data;
DRAMCtrl::DRAMCtrl(const DRAMCtrlParams* p) :
QoS::MemCtrl(p),
port(name() + ".port", *this), isTimingMode(false),
retryRdReq(false), retryWrReq(false),
nextReqEvent([this]{ processNextReqEvent(); }, name()),
respondEvent([this]{ processRespondEvent(); }, name()),
deviceSize(p->device_size),
deviceBusWidth(p->device_bus_width), burstLength(p->burst_length),
deviceRowBufferSize(p->device_rowbuffer_size),
devicesPerRank(p->devices_per_rank),
burstSize((devicesPerRank * burstLength * deviceBusWidth) / 8),
rowBufferSize(devicesPerRank * deviceRowBufferSize),
columnsPerRowBuffer(rowBufferSize / burstSize),
columnsPerStripe(range.interleaved() ? range.granularity() / burstSize : 1),
ranksPerChannel(p->ranks_per_channel),
bankGroupsPerRank(p->bank_groups_per_rank),
bankGroupArch(p->bank_groups_per_rank > 0),
banksPerRank(p->banks_per_rank), rowsPerBank(0),
readBufferSize(p->read_buffer_size),
writeBufferSize(p->write_buffer_size),
writeHighThreshold(writeBufferSize * p->write_high_thresh_perc / 100.0),
writeLowThreshold(writeBufferSize * p->write_low_thresh_perc / 100.0),
minWritesPerSwitch(p->min_writes_per_switch),
writesThisTime(0), readsThisTime(0),
tCK(p->tCK), tRTW(p->tRTW), tCS(p->tCS), tBURST(p->tBURST),
tCCD_L_WR(p->tCCD_L_WR),
tCCD_L(p->tCCD_L), tRCD(p->tRCD), tCL(p->tCL), tRP(p->tRP), tRAS(p->tRAS),
tWR(p->tWR), tRTP(p->tRTP), tRFC(p->tRFC), tREFI(p->tREFI), tRRD(p->tRRD),
tRRD_L(p->tRRD_L), tXAW(p->tXAW), tXP(p->tXP), tXS(p->tXS),
activationLimit(p->activation_limit), rankToRankDly(tCS + tBURST),
wrToRdDly(tCL + tBURST + p->tWTR), rdToWrDly(tRTW + tBURST),
memSchedPolicy(p->mem_sched_policy), addrMapping(p->addr_mapping),
pageMgmt(p->page_policy),
maxAccessesPerRow(p->max_accesses_per_row),
frontendLatency(p->static_frontend_latency),
backendLatency(p->static_backend_latency),
nextBurstAt(0), prevArrival(0),
nextReqTime(0),
stats(*this),
activeRank(0), timeStampOffset(0),
lastStatsResetTick(0), enableDRAMPowerdown(p->enable_dram_powerdown)
{
// sanity check the ranks since we rely on bit slicing for the
// address decoding
fatal_if(!isPowerOf2(ranksPerChannel), "DRAM rank count of %d is not "
"allowed, must be a power of two\n", ranksPerChannel);
fatal_if(!isPowerOf2(burstSize), "DRAM burst size %d is not allowed, "
"must be a power of two\n", burstSize);
readQueue.resize(p->qos_priorities);
writeQueue.resize(p->qos_priorities);
for (int i = 0; i < ranksPerChannel; i++) {
Rank* rank = new Rank(*this, p, i);
ranks.push_back(rank);
}
// perform a basic check of the write thresholds
if (p->write_low_thresh_perc >= p->write_high_thresh_perc)
fatal("Write buffer low threshold %d must be smaller than the "
"high threshold %d\n", p->write_low_thresh_perc,
p->write_high_thresh_perc);
// determine the rows per bank by looking at the total capacity
uint64_t capacity = ULL(1) << ceilLog2(AbstractMemory::size());
// determine the dram actual capacity from the DRAM config in Mbytes
uint64_t deviceCapacity = deviceSize / (1024 * 1024) * devicesPerRank *
ranksPerChannel;
// if actual DRAM size does not match memory capacity in system warn!
if (deviceCapacity != capacity / (1024 * 1024))
warn("DRAM device capacity (%d Mbytes) does not match the "
"address range assigned (%d Mbytes)\n", deviceCapacity,
capacity / (1024 * 1024));
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Memory capacity %lld (%lld) bytes\n", capacity,
AbstractMemory::size());
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Row buffer size %d bytes with %d columns per row buffer\n",
rowBufferSize, columnsPerRowBuffer);
rowsPerBank = capacity / (rowBufferSize * banksPerRank * ranksPerChannel);
// some basic sanity checks
if (tREFI <= tRP || tREFI <= tRFC) {
fatal("tREFI (%d) must be larger than tRP (%d) and tRFC (%d)\n",
tREFI, tRP, tRFC);
}
// basic bank group architecture checks ->
if (bankGroupArch) {
// must have at least one bank per bank group
if (bankGroupsPerRank > banksPerRank) {
fatal("banks per rank (%d) must be equal to or larger than "
"banks groups per rank (%d)\n",
banksPerRank, bankGroupsPerRank);
}
// must have same number of banks in each bank group
if ((banksPerRank % bankGroupsPerRank) != 0) {
fatal("Banks per rank (%d) must be evenly divisible by bank groups "
"per rank (%d) for equal banks per bank group\n",
banksPerRank, bankGroupsPerRank);
}
// tCCD_L should be greater than minimal, back-to-back burst delay
if (tCCD_L <= tBURST) {
fatal("tCCD_L (%d) should be larger than tBURST (%d) when "
"bank groups per rank (%d) is greater than 1\n",
tCCD_L, tBURST, bankGroupsPerRank);
}
// tCCD_L_WR should be greater than minimal, back-to-back burst delay
if (tCCD_L_WR <= tBURST) {
fatal("tCCD_L_WR (%d) should be larger than tBURST (%d) when "
"bank groups per rank (%d) is greater than 1\n",
tCCD_L_WR, tBURST, bankGroupsPerRank);
}
// tRRD_L is greater than minimal, same bank group ACT-to-ACT delay
// some datasheets might specify it equal to tRRD
if (tRRD_L < tRRD) {
fatal("tRRD_L (%d) should be larger than tRRD (%d) when "
"bank groups per rank (%d) is greater than 1\n",
tRRD_L, tRRD, bankGroupsPerRank);
}
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::init()
{
MemCtrl::init();
if (!port.isConnected()) {
fatal("DRAMCtrl %s is unconnected!\n", name());
} else {
port.sendRangeChange();
}
// a bit of sanity checks on the interleaving, save it for here to
// ensure that the system pointer is initialised
if (range.interleaved()) {
if (addrMapping == Enums::RoRaBaChCo) {
if (rowBufferSize != range.granularity()) {
fatal("Channel interleaving of %s doesn't match RoRaBaChCo "
"address map\n", name());
}
} else if (addrMapping == Enums::RoRaBaCoCh ||
addrMapping == Enums::RoCoRaBaCh) {
// for the interleavings with channel bits in the bottom,
// if the system uses a channel striping granularity that
// is larger than the DRAM burst size, then map the
// sequential accesses within a stripe to a number of
// columns in the DRAM, effectively placing some of the
// lower-order column bits as the least-significant bits
// of the address (above the ones denoting the burst size)
assert(columnsPerStripe >= 1);
// channel striping has to be done at a granularity that
// is equal or larger to a cache line
if (system()->cacheLineSize() > range.granularity()) {
fatal("Channel interleaving of %s must be at least as large "
"as the cache line size\n", name());
}
// ...and equal or smaller than the row-buffer size
if (rowBufferSize < range.granularity()) {
fatal("Channel interleaving of %s must be at most as large "
"as the row-buffer size\n", name());
}
// this is essentially the check above, so just to be sure
assert(columnsPerStripe <= columnsPerRowBuffer);
}
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::startup()
{
// remember the memory system mode of operation
isTimingMode = system()->isTimingMode();
if (isTimingMode) {
// timestamp offset should be in clock cycles for DRAMPower
timeStampOffset = divCeil(curTick(), tCK);
// update the start tick for the precharge accounting to the
// current tick
for (auto r : ranks) {
r->startup(curTick() + tREFI - tRP);
}
// shift the bus busy time sufficiently far ahead that we never
// have to worry about negative values when computing the time for
// the next request, this will add an insignificant bubble at the
// start of simulation
nextBurstAt = curTick() + tRP + tRCD;
}
}
Tick
DRAMCtrl::recvAtomic(PacketPtr pkt)
{
DPRINTF(DRAM, "recvAtomic: %s 0x%x\n", pkt->cmdString(), pkt->getAddr());
panic_if(pkt->cacheResponding(), "Should not see packets where cache "
"is responding");
// do the actual memory access and turn the packet into a response
access(pkt);
Tick latency = 0;
if (pkt->hasData()) {
// this value is not supposed to be accurate, just enough to
// keep things going, mimic a closed page
latency = tRP + tRCD + tCL;
}
return latency;
}
bool
DRAMCtrl::readQueueFull(unsigned int neededEntries) const
{
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Read queue limit %d, current size %d, entries needed %d\n",
readBufferSize, totalReadQueueSize + respQueue.size(),
neededEntries);
auto rdsize_new = totalReadQueueSize + respQueue.size() + neededEntries;
return rdsize_new > readBufferSize;
}
bool
DRAMCtrl::writeQueueFull(unsigned int neededEntries) const
{
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Write queue limit %d, current size %d, entries needed %d\n",
writeBufferSize, totalWriteQueueSize, neededEntries);
auto wrsize_new = (totalWriteQueueSize + neededEntries);
return wrsize_new > writeBufferSize;
}
DRAMCtrl::DRAMPacket*
DRAMCtrl::decodeAddr(const PacketPtr pkt, Addr dramPktAddr, unsigned size,
bool isRead) const
{
// decode the address based on the address mapping scheme, with
// Ro, Ra, Co, Ba and Ch denoting row, rank, column, bank and
// channel, respectively
uint8_t rank;
uint8_t bank;
// use a 64-bit unsigned during the computations as the row is
// always the top bits, and check before creating the DRAMPacket
uint64_t row;
// truncate the address to a DRAM burst, which makes it unique to
// a specific column, row, bank, rank and channel
Addr addr = dramPktAddr / burstSize;
// we have removed the lowest order address bits that denote the
// position within the column
if (addrMapping == Enums::RoRaBaChCo || addrMapping == Enums::RoRaBaCoCh) {
// the lowest order bits denote the column to ensure that
// sequential cache lines occupy the same row
addr = addr / columnsPerRowBuffer;
// after the channel bits, get the bank bits to interleave
// over the banks
bank = addr % banksPerRank;
addr = addr / banksPerRank;
// after the bank, we get the rank bits which thus interleaves
// over the ranks
rank = addr % ranksPerChannel;
addr = addr / ranksPerChannel;
// lastly, get the row bits, no need to remove them from addr
row = addr % rowsPerBank;
} else if (addrMapping == Enums::RoCoRaBaCh) {
// optimise for closed page mode and utilise maximum
// parallelism of the DRAM (at the cost of power)
// take out the lower-order column bits
addr = addr / columnsPerStripe;
// start with the bank bits, as this provides the maximum
// opportunity for parallelism between requests
bank = addr % banksPerRank;
addr = addr / banksPerRank;
// next get the rank bits
rank = addr % ranksPerChannel;
addr = addr / ranksPerChannel;
// next, the higher-order column bites
addr = addr / (columnsPerRowBuffer / columnsPerStripe);
// lastly, get the row bits, no need to remove them from addr
row = addr % rowsPerBank;
} else
panic("Unknown address mapping policy chosen!");
assert(rank < ranksPerChannel);
assert(bank < banksPerRank);
assert(row < rowsPerBank);
assert(row < Bank::NO_ROW);
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Address: %lld Rank %d Bank %d Row %d\n",
dramPktAddr, rank, bank, row);
// create the corresponding DRAM packet with the entry time and
// ready time set to the current tick, the latter will be updated
// later
uint16_t bank_id = banksPerRank * rank + bank;
return new DRAMPacket(pkt, isRead, rank, bank, row, bank_id, dramPktAddr,
size, ranks[rank]->banks[bank], *ranks[rank]);
}
void
DRAMCtrl::addToReadQueue(PacketPtr pkt, unsigned int pktCount)
{
// only add to the read queue here. whenever the request is
// eventually done, set the readyTime, and call schedule()
assert(!pkt->isWrite());
assert(pktCount != 0);
// if the request size is larger than burst size, the pkt is split into
// multiple DRAM packets
// Note if the pkt starting address is not aligened to burst size, the
// address of first DRAM packet is kept unaliged. Subsequent DRAM packets
// are aligned to burst size boundaries. This is to ensure we accurately
// check read packets against packets in write queue.
const Addr base_addr = getCtrlAddr(pkt->getAddr());
Addr addr = base_addr;
unsigned pktsServicedByWrQ = 0;
BurstHelper* burst_helper = NULL;
for (int cnt = 0; cnt < pktCount; ++cnt) {
unsigned size = std::min((addr | (burstSize - 1)) + 1,
base_addr + pkt->getSize()) - addr;
stats.readPktSize[ceilLog2(size)]++;
stats.readBursts++;
stats.masterReadAccesses[pkt->masterId()]++;
// First check write buffer to see if the data is already at
// the controller
bool foundInWrQ = false;
Addr burst_addr = burstAlign(addr);
// if the burst address is not present then there is no need
// looking any further
if (isInWriteQueue.find(burst_addr) != isInWriteQueue.end()) {
for (const auto& vec : writeQueue) {
for (const auto& p : vec) {
// check if the read is subsumed in the write queue
// packet we are looking at
if (p->addr <= addr &&
((addr + size) <= (p->addr + p->size))) {
foundInWrQ = true;
stats.servicedByWrQ++;
pktsServicedByWrQ++;
DPRINTF(DRAM,
"Read to addr %lld with size %d serviced by "
"write queue\n",
addr, size);
stats.bytesReadWrQ += burstSize;
break;
}
}
}
}
// If not found in the write q, make a DRAM packet and
// push it onto the read queue
if (!foundInWrQ) {
// Make the burst helper for split packets
if (pktCount > 1 && burst_helper == NULL) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Read to addr %lld translates to %d "
"dram requests\n", pkt->getAddr(), pktCount);
burst_helper = new BurstHelper(pktCount);
}
DRAMPacket* dram_pkt = decodeAddr(pkt, addr, size, true);
dram_pkt->burstHelper = burst_helper;
assert(!readQueueFull(1));
stats.rdQLenPdf[totalReadQueueSize + respQueue.size()]++;
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Adding to read queue\n");
readQueue[dram_pkt->qosValue()].push_back(dram_pkt);
++dram_pkt->rankRef.readEntries;
// log packet
logRequest(MemCtrl::READ, pkt->masterId(), pkt->qosValue(),
dram_pkt->addr, 1);
// Update stats
stats.avgRdQLen = totalReadQueueSize + respQueue.size();
}
// Starting address of next dram pkt (aligend to burstSize boundary)
addr = (addr | (burstSize - 1)) + 1;
}
// If all packets are serviced by write queue, we send the repsonse back
if (pktsServicedByWrQ == pktCount) {
accessAndRespond(pkt, frontendLatency);
return;
}
// Update how many split packets are serviced by write queue
if (burst_helper != NULL)
burst_helper->burstsServiced = pktsServicedByWrQ;
// If we are not already scheduled to get a request out of the
// queue, do so now
if (!nextReqEvent.scheduled()) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Request scheduled immediately\n");
schedule(nextReqEvent, curTick());
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::addToWriteQueue(PacketPtr pkt, unsigned int pktCount)
{
// only add to the write queue here. whenever the request is
// eventually done, set the readyTime, and call schedule()
assert(pkt->isWrite());
// if the request size is larger than burst size, the pkt is split into
// multiple DRAM packets
const Addr base_addr = getCtrlAddr(pkt->getAddr());
Addr addr = base_addr;
for (int cnt = 0; cnt < pktCount; ++cnt) {
unsigned size = std::min((addr | (burstSize - 1)) + 1,
base_addr + pkt->getSize()) - addr;
stats.writePktSize[ceilLog2(size)]++;
stats.writeBursts++;
stats.masterWriteAccesses[pkt->masterId()]++;
// see if we can merge with an existing item in the write
// queue and keep track of whether we have merged or not
bool merged = isInWriteQueue.find(burstAlign(addr)) !=
isInWriteQueue.end();
// if the item was not merged we need to create a new write
// and enqueue it
if (!merged) {
DRAMPacket* dram_pkt = decodeAddr(pkt, addr, size, false);
assert(totalWriteQueueSize < writeBufferSize);
stats.wrQLenPdf[totalWriteQueueSize]++;
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Adding to write queue\n");
writeQueue[dram_pkt->qosValue()].push_back(dram_pkt);
isInWriteQueue.insert(burstAlign(addr));
// log packet
logRequest(MemCtrl::WRITE, pkt->masterId(), pkt->qosValue(),
dram_pkt->addr, 1);
assert(totalWriteQueueSize == isInWriteQueue.size());
// Update stats
stats.avgWrQLen = totalWriteQueueSize;
// increment write entries of the rank
++dram_pkt->rankRef.writeEntries;
} else {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Merging write burst with existing queue entry\n");
// keep track of the fact that this burst effectively
// disappeared as it was merged with an existing one
stats.mergedWrBursts++;
}
// Starting address of next dram pkt (aligend to burstSize boundary)
addr = (addr | (burstSize - 1)) + 1;
}
// we do not wait for the writes to be send to the actual memory,
// but instead take responsibility for the consistency here and
// snoop the write queue for any upcoming reads
// @todo, if a pkt size is larger than burst size, we might need a
// different front end latency
accessAndRespond(pkt, frontendLatency);
// If we are not already scheduled to get a request out of the
// queue, do so now
if (!nextReqEvent.scheduled()) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Request scheduled immediately\n");
schedule(nextReqEvent, curTick());
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::printQs() const
{
#if TRACING_ON
DPRINTF(DRAM, "===READ QUEUE===\n\n");
for (const auto& queue : readQueue) {
for (const auto& packet : queue) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Read %lu\n", packet->addr);
}
}
DPRINTF(DRAM, "\n===RESP QUEUE===\n\n");
for (const auto& packet : respQueue) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Response %lu\n", packet->addr);
}
DPRINTF(DRAM, "\n===WRITE QUEUE===\n\n");
for (const auto& queue : writeQueue) {
for (const auto& packet : queue) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Write %lu\n", packet->addr);
}
}
#endif // TRACING_ON
}
bool
DRAMCtrl::recvTimingReq(PacketPtr pkt)
{
// This is where we enter from the outside world
DPRINTF(DRAM, "recvTimingReq: request %s addr %lld size %d\n",
pkt->cmdString(), pkt->getAddr(), pkt->getSize());
panic_if(pkt->cacheResponding(), "Should not see packets where cache "
"is responding");
panic_if(!(pkt->isRead() || pkt->isWrite()),
"Should only see read and writes at memory controller\n");
// Calc avg gap between requests
if (prevArrival != 0) {
stats.totGap += curTick() - prevArrival;
}
prevArrival = curTick();
// Find out how many dram packets a pkt translates to
// If the burst size is equal or larger than the pkt size, then a pkt
// translates to only one dram packet. Otherwise, a pkt translates to
// multiple dram packets
unsigned size = pkt->getSize();
unsigned offset = pkt->getAddr() & (burstSize - 1);
unsigned int dram_pkt_count = divCeil(offset + size, burstSize);
// run the QoS scheduler and assign a QoS priority value to the packet
qosSchedule( { &readQueue, &writeQueue }, burstSize, pkt);
// check local buffers and do not accept if full
if (pkt->isWrite()) {
assert(size != 0);
if (writeQueueFull(dram_pkt_count)) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Write queue full, not accepting\n");
// remember that we have to retry this port
retryWrReq = true;
stats.numWrRetry++;
return false;
} else {
addToWriteQueue(pkt, dram_pkt_count);
stats.writeReqs++;
stats.bytesWrittenSys += size;
}
} else {
assert(pkt->isRead());
assert(size != 0);
if (readQueueFull(dram_pkt_count)) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Read queue full, not accepting\n");
// remember that we have to retry this port
retryRdReq = true;
stats.numRdRetry++;
return false;
} else {
addToReadQueue(pkt, dram_pkt_count);
stats.readReqs++;
stats.bytesReadSys += size;
}
}
return true;
}
void
DRAMCtrl::processRespondEvent()
{
DPRINTF(DRAM,
"processRespondEvent(): Some req has reached its readyTime\n");
DRAMPacket* dram_pkt = respQueue.front();
// if a read has reached its ready-time, decrement the number of reads
// At this point the packet has been handled and there is a possibility
// to switch to low-power mode if no other packet is available
--dram_pkt->rankRef.readEntries;
DPRINTF(DRAM, "number of read entries for rank %d is %d\n",
dram_pkt->rank, dram_pkt->rankRef.readEntries);
// counter should at least indicate one outstanding request
// for this read
assert(dram_pkt->rankRef.outstandingEvents > 0);
// read response received, decrement count
--dram_pkt->rankRef.outstandingEvents;
// at this moment should not have transitioned to a low-power state
assert((dram_pkt->rankRef.pwrState != PWR_SREF) &&
(dram_pkt->rankRef.pwrState != PWR_PRE_PDN) &&
(dram_pkt->rankRef.pwrState != PWR_ACT_PDN));
// track if this is the last packet before idling
// and that there are no outstanding commands to this rank
if (dram_pkt->rankRef.isQueueEmpty() &&
dram_pkt->rankRef.outstandingEvents == 0 && enableDRAMPowerdown) {
// verify that there are no events scheduled
assert(!dram_pkt->rankRef.activateEvent.scheduled());
assert(!dram_pkt->rankRef.prechargeEvent.scheduled());
// if coming from active state, schedule power event to
// active power-down else go to precharge power-down
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Rank %d sleep at tick %d; current power state is "
"%d\n", dram_pkt->rank, curTick(), dram_pkt->rankRef.pwrState);
// default to ACT power-down unless already in IDLE state
// could be in IDLE if PRE issued before data returned
PowerState next_pwr_state = PWR_ACT_PDN;
if (dram_pkt->rankRef.pwrState == PWR_IDLE) {
next_pwr_state = PWR_PRE_PDN;
}
dram_pkt->rankRef.powerDownSleep(next_pwr_state, curTick());
}
if (dram_pkt->burstHelper) {
// it is a split packet
dram_pkt->burstHelper->burstsServiced++;
if (dram_pkt->burstHelper->burstsServiced ==
dram_pkt->burstHelper->burstCount) {
// we have now serviced all children packets of a system packet
// so we can now respond to the requester
// @todo we probably want to have a different front end and back
// end latency for split packets
accessAndRespond(dram_pkt->pkt, frontendLatency + backendLatency);
delete dram_pkt->burstHelper;
dram_pkt->burstHelper = NULL;
}
} else {
// it is not a split packet
accessAndRespond(dram_pkt->pkt, frontendLatency + backendLatency);
}
delete respQueue.front();
respQueue.pop_front();
if (!respQueue.empty()) {
assert(respQueue.front()->readyTime >= curTick());
assert(!respondEvent.scheduled());
schedule(respondEvent, respQueue.front()->readyTime);
} else {
// if there is nothing left in any queue, signal a drain
if (drainState() == DrainState::Draining &&
!totalWriteQueueSize && !totalReadQueueSize && allRanksDrained()) {
DPRINTF(Drain, "DRAM controller done draining\n");
signalDrainDone();
}
}
// We have made a location in the queue available at this point,
// so if there is a read that was forced to wait, retry now
if (retryRdReq) {
retryRdReq = false;
port.sendRetryReq();
}
}
DRAMCtrl::DRAMPacketQueue::iterator
DRAMCtrl::chooseNext(DRAMPacketQueue& queue, Tick extra_col_delay)
{
// This method does the arbitration between requests.
DRAMCtrl::DRAMPacketQueue::iterator ret = queue.end();
if (!queue.empty()) {
if (queue.size() == 1) {
// available rank corresponds to state refresh idle
DRAMPacket* dram_pkt = *(queue.begin());
if (ranks[dram_pkt->rank]->inRefIdleState()) {
ret = queue.begin();
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Single request, going to a free rank\n");
} else {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Single request, going to a busy rank\n");
}
} else if (memSchedPolicy == Enums::fcfs) {
// check if there is a packet going to a free rank
for (auto i = queue.begin(); i != queue.end(); ++i) {
DRAMPacket* dram_pkt = *i;
if (ranks[dram_pkt->rank]->inRefIdleState()) {
ret = i;
break;
}
}
} else if (memSchedPolicy == Enums::frfcfs) {
ret = chooseNextFRFCFS(queue, extra_col_delay);
} else {
panic("No scheduling policy chosen\n");
}
}
return ret;
}
DRAMCtrl::DRAMPacketQueue::iterator
DRAMCtrl::chooseNextFRFCFS(DRAMPacketQueue& queue, Tick extra_col_delay)
{
// Only determine this if needed
vector<uint32_t> earliest_banks(ranksPerChannel, 0);
// Has minBankPrep been called to populate earliest_banks?
bool filled_earliest_banks = false;
// can the PRE/ACT sequence be done without impacting utlization?
bool hidden_bank_prep = false;
// search for seamless row hits first, if no seamless row hit is
// found then determine if there are other packets that can be issued
// without incurring additional bus delay due to bank timing
// Will select closed rows first to enable more open row possibilies
// in future selections
bool found_hidden_bank = false;
// remember if we found a row hit, not seamless, but bank prepped
// and ready
bool found_prepped_pkt = false;
// if we have no row hit, prepped or not, and no seamless packet,
// just go for the earliest possible
bool found_earliest_pkt = false;
auto selected_pkt_it = queue.end();
// time we need to issue a column command to be seamless
const Tick min_col_at = std::max(nextBurstAt + extra_col_delay, curTick());
for (auto i = queue.begin(); i != queue.end() ; ++i) {
DRAMPacket* dram_pkt = *i;
const Bank& bank = dram_pkt->bankRef;
const Tick col_allowed_at = dram_pkt->isRead() ? bank.rdAllowedAt :
bank.wrAllowedAt;
DPRINTF(DRAM, "%s checking packet in bank %d\n",
__func__, dram_pkt->bankRef.bank);
// check if rank is not doing a refresh and thus is available, if not,
// jump to the next packet
if (dram_pkt->rankRef.inRefIdleState()) {
DPRINTF(DRAM,
"%s bank %d - Rank %d available\n", __func__,
dram_pkt->bankRef.bank, dram_pkt->rankRef.rank);
// check if it is a row hit
if (bank.openRow == dram_pkt->row) {
// no additional rank-to-rank or same bank-group
// delays, or we switched read/write and might as well
// go for the row hit
if (col_allowed_at <= min_col_at) {
// FCFS within the hits, giving priority to
// commands that can issue seamlessly, without
// additional delay, such as same rank accesses
// and/or different bank-group accesses
DPRINTF(DRAM, "%s Seamless row buffer hit\n", __func__);
selected_pkt_it = i;
// no need to look through the remaining queue entries
break;
} else if (!found_hidden_bank && !found_prepped_pkt) {
// if we did not find a packet to a closed row that can
// issue the bank commands without incurring delay, and
// did not yet find a packet to a prepped row, remember
// the current one
selected_pkt_it = i;
found_prepped_pkt = true;
DPRINTF(DRAM, "%s Prepped row buffer hit\n", __func__);
}
} else if (!found_earliest_pkt) {
// if we have not initialised the bank status, do it
// now, and only once per scheduling decisions
if (!filled_earliest_banks) {
// determine entries with earliest bank delay
std::tie(earliest_banks, hidden_bank_prep) =
minBankPrep(queue, min_col_at);
filled_earliest_banks = true;
}
// bank is amongst first available banks
// minBankPrep will give priority to packets that can
// issue seamlessly
if (bits(earliest_banks[dram_pkt->rank],
dram_pkt->bank, dram_pkt->bank)) {
found_earliest_pkt = true;
found_hidden_bank = hidden_bank_prep;
// give priority to packets that can issue
// bank commands 'behind the scenes'
// any additional delay if any will be due to
// col-to-col command requirements
if (hidden_bank_prep || !found_prepped_pkt)
selected_pkt_it = i;
}
}
} else {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "%s bank %d - Rank %d not available\n", __func__,
dram_pkt->bankRef.bank, dram_pkt->rankRef.rank);
}
}
if (selected_pkt_it == queue.end()) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "%s no available ranks found\n", __func__);
}
return selected_pkt_it;
}
void
DRAMCtrl::accessAndRespond(PacketPtr pkt, Tick static_latency)
{
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Responding to Address %lld.. ",pkt->getAddr());
bool needsResponse = pkt->needsResponse();
// do the actual memory access which also turns the packet into a
// response
access(pkt);
// turn packet around to go back to requester if response expected
if (needsResponse) {
// access already turned the packet into a response
assert(pkt->isResponse());
// response_time consumes the static latency and is charged also
// with headerDelay that takes into account the delay provided by
// the xbar and also the payloadDelay that takes into account the
// number of data beats.
Tick response_time = curTick() + static_latency + pkt->headerDelay +
pkt->payloadDelay;
// Here we reset the timing of the packet before sending it out.
pkt->headerDelay = pkt->payloadDelay = 0;
// queue the packet in the response queue to be sent out after
// the static latency has passed
port.schedTimingResp(pkt, response_time);
} else {
// @todo the packet is going to be deleted, and the DRAMPacket
// is still having a pointer to it
pendingDelete.reset(pkt);
}
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Done\n");
return;
}
void
DRAMCtrl::activateBank(Rank& rank_ref, Bank& bank_ref,
Tick act_tick, uint32_t row)
{
assert(rank_ref.actTicks.size() == activationLimit);
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Activate at tick %d\n", act_tick);
// update the open row
assert(bank_ref.openRow == Bank::NO_ROW);
bank_ref.openRow = row;
// start counting anew, this covers both the case when we
// auto-precharged, and when this access is forced to
// precharge
bank_ref.bytesAccessed = 0;
bank_ref.rowAccesses = 0;
++rank_ref.numBanksActive;
assert(rank_ref.numBanksActive <= banksPerRank);
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Activate bank %d, rank %d at tick %lld, now got %d active\n",
bank_ref.bank, rank_ref.rank, act_tick,
ranks[rank_ref.rank]->numBanksActive);
rank_ref.cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::ACT, bank_ref.bank,
act_tick));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,ACT,%d,%d\n", divCeil(act_tick, tCK) -
timeStampOffset, bank_ref.bank, rank_ref.rank);
// The next access has to respect tRAS for this bank
bank_ref.preAllowedAt = act_tick + tRAS;
// Respect the row-to-column command delay for both read and write cmds
bank_ref.rdAllowedAt = std::max(act_tick + tRCD, bank_ref.rdAllowedAt);
bank_ref.wrAllowedAt = std::max(act_tick + tRCD, bank_ref.wrAllowedAt);
// start by enforcing tRRD
for (int i = 0; i < banksPerRank; i++) {
// next activate to any bank in this rank must not happen
// before tRRD
if (bankGroupArch && (bank_ref.bankgr == rank_ref.banks[i].bankgr)) {
// bank group architecture requires longer delays between
// ACT commands within the same bank group. Use tRRD_L
// in this case
rank_ref.banks[i].actAllowedAt = std::max(act_tick + tRRD_L,
rank_ref.banks[i].actAllowedAt);
} else {
// use shorter tRRD value when either
// 1) bank group architecture is not supportted
// 2) bank is in a different bank group
rank_ref.banks[i].actAllowedAt = std::max(act_tick + tRRD,
rank_ref.banks[i].actAllowedAt);
}
}
// next, we deal with tXAW, if the activation limit is disabled
// then we directly schedule an activate power event
if (!rank_ref.actTicks.empty()) {
// sanity check
if (rank_ref.actTicks.back() &&
(act_tick - rank_ref.actTicks.back()) < tXAW) {
panic("Got %d activates in window %d (%llu - %llu) which "
"is smaller than %llu\n", activationLimit, act_tick -
rank_ref.actTicks.back(), act_tick,
rank_ref.actTicks.back(), tXAW);
}
// shift the times used for the book keeping, the last element
// (highest index) is the oldest one and hence the lowest value
rank_ref.actTicks.pop_back();
// record an new activation (in the future)
rank_ref.actTicks.push_front(act_tick);
// cannot activate more than X times in time window tXAW, push the
// next one (the X + 1'st activate) to be tXAW away from the
// oldest in our window of X
if (rank_ref.actTicks.back() &&
(act_tick - rank_ref.actTicks.back()) < tXAW) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Enforcing tXAW with X = %d, next activate "
"no earlier than %llu\n", activationLimit,
rank_ref.actTicks.back() + tXAW);
for (int j = 0; j < banksPerRank; j++)
// next activate must not happen before end of window
rank_ref.banks[j].actAllowedAt =
std::max(rank_ref.actTicks.back() + tXAW,
rank_ref.banks[j].actAllowedAt);
}
}
// at the point when this activate takes place, make sure we
// transition to the active power state
if (!rank_ref.activateEvent.scheduled())
schedule(rank_ref.activateEvent, act_tick);
else if (rank_ref.activateEvent.when() > act_tick)
// move it sooner in time
reschedule(rank_ref.activateEvent, act_tick);
}
void
DRAMCtrl::prechargeBank(Rank& rank_ref, Bank& bank, Tick pre_at, bool trace)
{
// make sure the bank has an open row
assert(bank.openRow != Bank::NO_ROW);
// sample the bytes per activate here since we are closing
// the page
stats.bytesPerActivate.sample(bank.bytesAccessed);
bank.openRow = Bank::NO_ROW;
// no precharge allowed before this one
bank.preAllowedAt = pre_at;
Tick pre_done_at = pre_at + tRP;
bank.actAllowedAt = std::max(bank.actAllowedAt, pre_done_at);
assert(rank_ref.numBanksActive != 0);
--rank_ref.numBanksActive;
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Precharging bank %d, rank %d at tick %lld, now got "
"%d active\n", bank.bank, rank_ref.rank, pre_at,
rank_ref.numBanksActive);
if (trace) {
rank_ref.cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::PRE, bank.bank,
pre_at));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,PRE,%d,%d\n", divCeil(pre_at, tCK) -
timeStampOffset, bank.bank, rank_ref.rank);
}
// if we look at the current number of active banks we might be
// tempted to think the DRAM is now idle, however this can be
// undone by an activate that is scheduled to happen before we
// would have reached the idle state, so schedule an event and
// rather check once we actually make it to the point in time when
// the (last) precharge takes place
if (!rank_ref.prechargeEvent.scheduled()) {
schedule(rank_ref.prechargeEvent, pre_done_at);
// New event, increment count
++rank_ref.outstandingEvents;
} else if (rank_ref.prechargeEvent.when() < pre_done_at) {
reschedule(rank_ref.prechargeEvent, pre_done_at);
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::doDRAMAccess(DRAMPacket* dram_pkt)
{
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Timing access to addr %lld, rank/bank/row %d %d %d\n",
dram_pkt->addr, dram_pkt->rank, dram_pkt->bank, dram_pkt->row);
// get the rank
Rank& rank = dram_pkt->rankRef;
// are we in or transitioning to a low-power state and have not scheduled
// a power-up event?
// if so, wake up from power down to issue RD/WR burst
if (rank.inLowPowerState) {
assert(rank.pwrState != PWR_SREF);
rank.scheduleWakeUpEvent(tXP);
}
// get the bank
Bank& bank = dram_pkt->bankRef;
// for the state we need to track if it is a row hit or not
bool row_hit = true;
// Determine the access latency and update the bank state
if (bank.openRow == dram_pkt->row) {
// nothing to do
} else {
row_hit = false;
// If there is a page open, precharge it.
if (bank.openRow != Bank::NO_ROW) {
prechargeBank(rank, bank, std::max(bank.preAllowedAt, curTick()));
}
// next we need to account for the delay in activating the
// page
Tick act_tick = std::max(bank.actAllowedAt, curTick());
// Record the activation and deal with all the global timing
// constraints caused be a new activation (tRRD and tXAW)
activateBank(rank, bank, act_tick, dram_pkt->row);
}
// respect any constraints on the command (e.g. tRCD or tCCD)
const Tick col_allowed_at = dram_pkt->isRead() ?
bank.rdAllowedAt : bank.wrAllowedAt;
// we need to wait until the bus is available before we can issue
// the command; need minimum of tBURST between commands
Tick cmd_at = std::max({col_allowed_at, nextBurstAt, curTick()});
// update the packet ready time
dram_pkt->readyTime = cmd_at + tCL + tBURST;
// update the time for the next read/write burst for each
// bank (add a max with tCCD/tCCD_L/tCCD_L_WR here)
Tick dly_to_rd_cmd;
Tick dly_to_wr_cmd;
for (int j = 0; j < ranksPerChannel; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < banksPerRank; i++) {
// next burst to same bank group in this rank must not happen
// before tCCD_L. Different bank group timing requirement is
// tBURST; Add tCS for different ranks
if (dram_pkt->rank == j) {
if (bankGroupArch &&
(bank.bankgr == ranks[j]->banks[i].bankgr)) {
// bank group architecture requires longer delays between
// RD/WR burst commands to the same bank group.
// tCCD_L is default requirement for same BG timing
// tCCD_L_WR is required for write-to-write
// Need to also take bus turnaround delays into account
dly_to_rd_cmd = dram_pkt->isRead() ?
tCCD_L : std::max(tCCD_L, wrToRdDly);
dly_to_wr_cmd = dram_pkt->isRead() ?
std::max(tCCD_L, rdToWrDly) : tCCD_L_WR;
} else {
// tBURST is default requirement for diff BG timing
// Need to also take bus turnaround delays into account
dly_to_rd_cmd = dram_pkt->isRead() ? tBURST : wrToRdDly;
dly_to_wr_cmd = dram_pkt->isRead() ? rdToWrDly : tBURST;
}
} else {
// different rank is by default in a different bank group and
// doesn't require longer tCCD or additional RTW, WTR delays
// Need to account for rank-to-rank switching with tCS
dly_to_wr_cmd = rankToRankDly;
dly_to_rd_cmd = rankToRankDly;
}
ranks[j]->banks[i].rdAllowedAt = std::max(cmd_at + dly_to_rd_cmd,
ranks[j]->banks[i].rdAllowedAt);
ranks[j]->banks[i].wrAllowedAt = std::max(cmd_at + dly_to_wr_cmd,
ranks[j]->banks[i].wrAllowedAt);
}
}
// Save rank of current access
activeRank = dram_pkt->rank;
// If this is a write, we also need to respect the write recovery
// time before a precharge, in the case of a read, respect the
// read to precharge constraint
bank.preAllowedAt = std::max(bank.preAllowedAt,
dram_pkt->isRead() ? cmd_at + tRTP :
dram_pkt->readyTime + tWR);
// increment the bytes accessed and the accesses per row
bank.bytesAccessed += burstSize;
++bank.rowAccesses;
// if we reached the max, then issue with an auto-precharge
bool auto_precharge = pageMgmt == Enums::close ||
bank.rowAccesses == maxAccessesPerRow;
// if we did not hit the limit, we might still want to
// auto-precharge
if (!auto_precharge &&
(pageMgmt == Enums::open_adaptive ||
pageMgmt == Enums::close_adaptive)) {
// a twist on the open and close page policies:
// 1) open_adaptive page policy does not blindly keep the
// page open, but close it if there are no row hits, and there
// are bank conflicts in the queue
// 2) close_adaptive page policy does not blindly close the
// page, but closes it only if there are no row hits in the queue.
// In this case, only force an auto precharge when there
// are no same page hits in the queue
bool got_more_hits = false;
bool got_bank_conflict = false;
// either look at the read queue or write queue
const std::vector<DRAMPacketQueue>& queue =
dram_pkt->isRead() ? readQueue : writeQueue;
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numPriorities(); ++i) {
auto p = queue[i].begin();
// keep on looking until we find a hit or reach the end of the queue
// 1) if a hit is found, then both open and close adaptive policies keep
// the page open
// 2) if no hit is found, got_bank_conflict is set to true if a bank
// conflict request is waiting in the queue
// 3) make sure we are not considering the packet that we are
// currently dealing with
while (!got_more_hits && p != queue[i].end()) {
if (dram_pkt != (*p)) {
bool same_rank_bank = (dram_pkt->rank == (*p)->rank) &&
(dram_pkt->bank == (*p)->bank);
bool same_row = dram_pkt->row == (*p)->row;
got_more_hits |= same_rank_bank && same_row;
got_bank_conflict |= same_rank_bank && !same_row;
}
++p;
}
if (got_more_hits)
break;
}
// auto pre-charge when either
// 1) open_adaptive policy, we have not got any more hits, and
// have a bank conflict
// 2) close_adaptive policy and we have not got any more hits
auto_precharge = !got_more_hits &&
(got_bank_conflict || pageMgmt == Enums::close_adaptive);
}
// DRAMPower trace command to be written
std::string mem_cmd = dram_pkt->isRead() ? "RD" : "WR";
// MemCommand required for DRAMPower library
MemCommand::cmds command = (mem_cmd == "RD") ? MemCommand::RD :
MemCommand::WR;
// Update bus state to reflect when previous command was issued
nextBurstAt = cmd_at + tBURST;
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Access to %lld, ready at %lld next burst at %lld.\n",
dram_pkt->addr, dram_pkt->readyTime, nextBurstAt);
dram_pkt->rankRef.cmdList.push_back(Command(command, dram_pkt->bank,
cmd_at));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,%s,%d,%d\n", divCeil(cmd_at, tCK) -
timeStampOffset, mem_cmd, dram_pkt->bank, dram_pkt->rank);
// if this access should use auto-precharge, then we are
// closing the row after the read/write burst
if (auto_precharge) {
// if auto-precharge push a PRE command at the correct tick to the
// list used by DRAMPower library to calculate power
prechargeBank(rank, bank, std::max(curTick(), bank.preAllowedAt));
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Auto-precharged bank: %d\n", dram_pkt->bankId);
}
// Update the minimum timing between the requests, this is a
// conservative estimate of when we have to schedule the next
// request to not introduce any unecessary bubbles. In most cases
// we will wake up sooner than we have to.
nextReqTime = nextBurstAt - (tRP + tRCD);
// Update the stats and schedule the next request
if (dram_pkt->isRead()) {
++readsThisTime;
if (row_hit)
stats.readRowHits++;
stats.bytesReadDRAM += burstSize;
stats.perBankRdBursts[dram_pkt->bankId]++;
// Update latency stats
stats.totMemAccLat += dram_pkt->readyTime - dram_pkt->entryTime;
stats.masterReadTotalLat[dram_pkt->masterId()] +=
dram_pkt->readyTime - dram_pkt->entryTime;
stats.totBusLat += tBURST;
stats.totQLat += cmd_at - dram_pkt->entryTime;
stats.masterReadBytes[dram_pkt->masterId()] += dram_pkt->size;
} else {
++writesThisTime;
if (row_hit)
stats.writeRowHits++;
stats.bytesWritten += burstSize;
stats.perBankWrBursts[dram_pkt->bankId]++;
stats.masterWriteBytes[dram_pkt->masterId()] += dram_pkt->size;
stats.masterWriteTotalLat[dram_pkt->masterId()] +=
dram_pkt->readyTime - dram_pkt->entryTime;
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::processNextReqEvent()
{
// transition is handled by QoS algorithm if enabled
if (turnPolicy) {
// select bus state - only done if QoS algorithms are in use
busStateNext = selectNextBusState();
}
// detect bus state change
bool switched_cmd_type = (busState != busStateNext);
// record stats
recordTurnaroundStats();
DPRINTF(DRAM, "QoS Turnarounds selected state %s %s\n",
(busState==MemCtrl::READ)?"READ":"WRITE",
switched_cmd_type?"[turnaround triggered]":"");
if (switched_cmd_type) {
if (busState == READ) {
DPRINTF(DRAM,
"Switching to writes after %d reads with %d reads "
"waiting\n", readsThisTime, totalReadQueueSize);
stats.rdPerTurnAround.sample(readsThisTime);
readsThisTime = 0;
} else {
DPRINTF(DRAM,
"Switching to reads after %d writes with %d writes "
"waiting\n", writesThisTime, totalWriteQueueSize);
stats.wrPerTurnAround.sample(writesThisTime);
writesThisTime = 0;
}
}
// updates current state
busState = busStateNext;
// check ranks for refresh/wakeup - uses busStateNext, so done after turnaround
// decisions
int busyRanks = 0;
for (auto r : ranks) {
if (!r->inRefIdleState()) {
if (r->pwrState != PWR_SREF) {
// rank is busy refreshing
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Rank %d is not available\n", r->rank);
busyRanks++;
// let the rank know that if it was waiting to drain, it
// is now done and ready to proceed
r->checkDrainDone();
}
// check if we were in self-refresh and haven't started
// to transition out
if ((r->pwrState == PWR_SREF) && r->inLowPowerState) {
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Rank %d is in self-refresh\n", r->rank);
// if we have commands queued to this rank and we don't have
// a minimum number of active commands enqueued,
// exit self-refresh
if (r->forceSelfRefreshExit()) {
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "rank %d was in self refresh and"
" should wake up\n", r->rank);
//wake up from self-refresh
r->scheduleWakeUpEvent(tXS);
// things are brought back into action once a refresh is
// performed after self-refresh
// continue with selection for other ranks
}
}
}
}
if (busyRanks == ranksPerChannel) {
// if all ranks are refreshing wait for them to finish
// and stall this state machine without taking any further
// action, and do not schedule a new nextReqEvent
return;
}
// when we get here it is either a read or a write
if (busState == READ) {
// track if we should switch or not
bool switch_to_writes = false;
if (totalReadQueueSize == 0) {
// In the case there is no read request to go next,
// trigger writes if we have passed the low threshold (or
// if we are draining)
if (!(totalWriteQueueSize == 0) &&
(drainState() == DrainState::Draining ||
totalWriteQueueSize > writeLowThreshold)) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Switching to writes due to read queue empty\n");
switch_to_writes = true;
} else {
// check if we are drained
// not done draining until in PWR_IDLE state
// ensuring all banks are closed and
// have exited low power states
if (drainState() == DrainState::Draining &&
respQueue.empty() && allRanksDrained()) {
DPRINTF(Drain, "DRAM controller done draining\n");
signalDrainDone();
}
// nothing to do, not even any point in scheduling an
// event for the next request
return;
}
} else {
bool read_found = false;
DRAMPacketQueue::iterator to_read;
uint8_t prio = numPriorities();
for (auto queue = readQueue.rbegin();
queue != readQueue.rend(); ++queue) {
prio--;
DPRINTF(QOS,
"DRAM controller checking READ queue [%d] priority [%d elements]\n",
prio, queue->size());
// Figure out which read request goes next
// If we are changing command type, incorporate the minimum
// bus turnaround delay which will be tCS (different rank) case
to_read = chooseNext((*queue), switched_cmd_type ? tCS : 0);
if (to_read != queue->end()) {
// candidate read found
read_found = true;
break;
}
}
// if no read to an available rank is found then return
// at this point. There could be writes to the available ranks
// which are above the required threshold. However, to
// avoid adding more complexity to the code, return and wait
// for a refresh event to kick things into action again.
if (!read_found) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "No Reads Found - exiting\n");
return;
}
auto dram_pkt = *to_read;
assert(dram_pkt->rankRef.inRefIdleState());
doDRAMAccess(dram_pkt);
// Every respQueue which will generate an event, increment count
++dram_pkt->rankRef.outstandingEvents;
// sanity check
assert(dram_pkt->size <= burstSize);
assert(dram_pkt->readyTime >= curTick());
// log the response
logResponse(MemCtrl::READ, (*to_read)->masterId(),
dram_pkt->qosValue(), dram_pkt->getAddr(), 1,
dram_pkt->readyTime - dram_pkt->entryTime);
// Insert into response queue. It will be sent back to the
// requester at its readyTime
if (respQueue.empty()) {
assert(!respondEvent.scheduled());
schedule(respondEvent, dram_pkt->readyTime);
} else {
assert(respQueue.back()->readyTime <= dram_pkt->readyTime);
assert(respondEvent.scheduled());
}
respQueue.push_back(dram_pkt);
// we have so many writes that we have to transition
if (totalWriteQueueSize > writeHighThreshold) {
switch_to_writes = true;
}
// remove the request from the queue - the iterator is no longer valid .
readQueue[dram_pkt->qosValue()].erase(to_read);
}
// switching to writes, either because the read queue is empty
// and the writes have passed the low threshold (or we are
// draining), or because the writes hit the hight threshold
if (switch_to_writes) {
// transition to writing
busStateNext = WRITE;
}
} else {
bool write_found = false;
DRAMPacketQueue::iterator to_write;
uint8_t prio = numPriorities();
for (auto queue = writeQueue.rbegin();
queue != writeQueue.rend(); ++queue) {
prio--;
DPRINTF(QOS,
"DRAM controller checking WRITE queue [%d] priority [%d elements]\n",
prio, queue->size());
// If we are changing command type, incorporate the minimum
// bus turnaround delay
to_write = chooseNext((*queue),
switched_cmd_type ? std::min(tRTW, tCS) : 0);
if (to_write != queue->end()) {
write_found = true;
break;
}
}
// if there are no writes to a rank that is available to service
// requests (i.e. rank is in refresh idle state) are found then
// return. There could be reads to the available ranks. However, to
// avoid adding more complexity to the code, return at this point and
// wait for a refresh event to kick things into action again.
if (!write_found) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "No Writes Found - exiting\n");
return;
}
auto dram_pkt = *to_write;
assert(dram_pkt->rankRef.inRefIdleState());
// sanity check
assert(dram_pkt->size <= burstSize);
doDRAMAccess(dram_pkt);
// removed write from queue, decrement count
--dram_pkt->rankRef.writeEntries;
// Schedule write done event to decrement event count
// after the readyTime has been reached
// Only schedule latest write event to minimize events
// required; only need to ensure that final event scheduled covers
// the time that writes are outstanding and bus is active
// to holdoff power-down entry events
if (!dram_pkt->rankRef.writeDoneEvent.scheduled()) {
schedule(dram_pkt->rankRef.writeDoneEvent, dram_pkt->readyTime);
// New event, increment count
++dram_pkt->rankRef.outstandingEvents;
} else if (dram_pkt->rankRef.writeDoneEvent.when() <
dram_pkt->readyTime) {
reschedule(dram_pkt->rankRef.writeDoneEvent, dram_pkt->readyTime);
}
isInWriteQueue.erase(burstAlign(dram_pkt->addr));
// log the response
logResponse(MemCtrl::WRITE, dram_pkt->masterId(),
dram_pkt->qosValue(), dram_pkt->getAddr(), 1,
dram_pkt->readyTime - dram_pkt->entryTime);
// remove the request from the queue - the iterator is no longer valid
writeQueue[dram_pkt->qosValue()].erase(to_write);
delete dram_pkt;
// If we emptied the write queue, or got sufficiently below the
// threshold (using the minWritesPerSwitch as the hysteresis) and
// are not draining, or we have reads waiting and have done enough
// writes, then switch to reads.
bool below_threshold =
totalWriteQueueSize + minWritesPerSwitch < writeLowThreshold;
if (totalWriteQueueSize == 0 ||
(below_threshold && drainState() != DrainState::Draining) ||
(totalReadQueueSize && writesThisTime >= minWritesPerSwitch)) {
// turn the bus back around for reads again
busStateNext = READ;
// note that the we switch back to reads also in the idle
// case, which eventually will check for any draining and
// also pause any further scheduling if there is really
// nothing to do
}
}
// It is possible that a refresh to another rank kicks things back into
// action before reaching this point.
if (!nextReqEvent.scheduled())
schedule(nextReqEvent, std::max(nextReqTime, curTick()));
// If there is space available and we have writes waiting then let
// them retry. This is done here to ensure that the retry does not
// cause a nextReqEvent to be scheduled before we do so as part of
// the next request processing
if (retryWrReq && totalWriteQueueSize < writeBufferSize) {
retryWrReq = false;
port.sendRetryReq();
}
}
pair<vector<uint32_t>, bool>
DRAMCtrl::minBankPrep(const DRAMPacketQueue& queue,
Tick min_col_at) const
{
Tick min_act_at = MaxTick;
vector<uint32_t> bank_mask(ranksPerChannel, 0);
// latest Tick for which ACT can occur without incurring additoinal
// delay on the data bus
const Tick hidden_act_max = std::max(min_col_at - tRCD, curTick());
// Flag condition when burst can issue back-to-back with previous burst
bool found_seamless_bank = false;
// Flag condition when bank can be opened without incurring additional
// delay on the data bus
bool hidden_bank_prep = false;
// determine if we have queued transactions targetting the
// bank in question
vector<bool> got_waiting(ranksPerChannel * banksPerRank, false);
for (const auto& p : queue) {
if (p->rankRef.inRefIdleState())
got_waiting[p->bankId] = true;
}
// Find command with optimal bank timing
// Will prioritize commands that can issue seamlessly.
for (int i = 0; i < ranksPerChannel; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < banksPerRank; j++) {
uint16_t bank_id = i * banksPerRank + j;
// if we have waiting requests for the bank, and it is
// amongst the first available, update the mask
if (got_waiting[bank_id]) {
// make sure this rank is not currently refreshing.
assert(ranks[i]->inRefIdleState());
// simplistic approximation of when the bank can issue
// an activate, ignoring any rank-to-rank switching
// cost in this calculation
Tick act_at = ranks[i]->banks[j].openRow == Bank::NO_ROW ?
std::max(ranks[i]->banks[j].actAllowedAt, curTick()) :
std::max(ranks[i]->banks[j].preAllowedAt, curTick()) + tRP;
// When is the earliest the R/W burst can issue?
const Tick col_allowed_at = (busState == READ) ?
ranks[i]->banks[j].rdAllowedAt :
ranks[i]->banks[j].wrAllowedAt;
Tick col_at = std::max(col_allowed_at, act_at + tRCD);
// bank can issue burst back-to-back (seamlessly) with
// previous burst
bool new_seamless_bank = col_at <= min_col_at;
// if we found a new seamless bank or we have no
// seamless banks, and got a bank with an earlier
// activate time, it should be added to the bit mask
if (new_seamless_bank ||
(!found_seamless_bank && act_at <= min_act_at)) {
// if we did not have a seamless bank before, and
// we do now, reset the bank mask, also reset it
// if we have not yet found a seamless bank and
// the activate time is smaller than what we have
// seen so far
if (!found_seamless_bank &&
(new_seamless_bank || act_at < min_act_at)) {
std::fill(bank_mask.begin(), bank_mask.end(), 0);
}
found_seamless_bank |= new_seamless_bank;
// ACT can occur 'behind the scenes'
hidden_bank_prep = act_at <= hidden_act_max;
// set the bit corresponding to the available bank
replaceBits(bank_mask[i], j, j, 1);
min_act_at = act_at;
}
}
}
}
return make_pair(bank_mask, hidden_bank_prep);
}
DRAMCtrl::Rank::Rank(DRAMCtrl& _memory, const DRAMCtrlParams* _p, int rank)
: EventManager(&_memory), memory(_memory),
pwrStateTrans(PWR_IDLE), pwrStatePostRefresh(PWR_IDLE),
pwrStateTick(0), refreshDueAt(0), pwrState(PWR_IDLE),
refreshState(REF_IDLE), inLowPowerState(false), rank(rank),
readEntries(0), writeEntries(0), outstandingEvents(0),
wakeUpAllowedAt(0), power(_p, false), banks(_p->banks_per_rank),
numBanksActive(0), actTicks(_p->activation_limit, 0),
writeDoneEvent([this]{ processWriteDoneEvent(); }, name()),
activateEvent([this]{ processActivateEvent(); }, name()),
prechargeEvent([this]{ processPrechargeEvent(); }, name()),
refreshEvent([this]{ processRefreshEvent(); }, name()),
powerEvent([this]{ processPowerEvent(); }, name()),
wakeUpEvent([this]{ processWakeUpEvent(); }, name()),
stats(_memory, *this)
{
for (int b = 0; b < _p->banks_per_rank; b++) {
banks[b].bank = b;
// GDDR addressing of banks to BG is linear.
// Here we assume that all DRAM generations address bank groups as
// follows:
if (_p->bank_groups_per_rank > 0) {
// Simply assign lower bits to bank group in order to
// rotate across bank groups as banks are incremented
// e.g. with 4 banks per bank group and 16 banks total:
// banks 0,4,8,12 are in bank group 0
// banks 1,5,9,13 are in bank group 1
// banks 2,6,10,14 are in bank group 2
// banks 3,7,11,15 are in bank group 3
banks[b].bankgr = b % _p->bank_groups_per_rank;
} else {
// No bank groups; simply assign to bank number
banks[b].bankgr = b;
}
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::startup(Tick ref_tick)
{
assert(ref_tick > curTick());
pwrStateTick = curTick();
// kick off the refresh, and give ourselves enough time to
// precharge
schedule(refreshEvent, ref_tick);
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::suspend()
{
deschedule(refreshEvent);
// Update the stats
updatePowerStats();
// don't automatically transition back to LP state after next REF
pwrStatePostRefresh = PWR_IDLE;
}
bool
DRAMCtrl::Rank::isQueueEmpty() const
{
// check commmands in Q based on current bus direction
bool no_queued_cmds = ((memory.busStateNext == READ) && (readEntries == 0))
|| ((memory.busStateNext == WRITE) &&
(writeEntries == 0));
return no_queued_cmds;
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::checkDrainDone()
{
// if this rank was waiting to drain it is now able to proceed to
// precharge
if (refreshState == REF_DRAIN) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Refresh drain done, now precharging\n");
refreshState = REF_PD_EXIT;
// hand control back to the refresh event loop
schedule(refreshEvent, curTick());
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::flushCmdList()
{
// at the moment sort the list of commands and update the counters
// for DRAMPower libray when doing a refresh
sort(cmdList.begin(), cmdList.end(), DRAMCtrl::sortTime);
auto next_iter = cmdList.begin();
// push to commands to DRAMPower
for ( ; next_iter != cmdList.end() ; ++next_iter) {
Command cmd = *next_iter;
if (cmd.timeStamp <= curTick()) {
// Move all commands at or before curTick to DRAMPower
power.powerlib.doCommand(cmd.type, cmd.bank,
divCeil(cmd.timeStamp, memory.tCK) -
memory.timeStampOffset);
} else {
// done - found all commands at or before curTick()
// next_iter references the 1st command after curTick
break;
}
}
// reset cmdList to only contain commands after curTick
// if there are no commands after curTick, updated cmdList will be empty
// in this case, next_iter is cmdList.end()
cmdList.assign(next_iter, cmdList.end());
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::processActivateEvent()
{
// we should transition to the active state as soon as any bank is active
if (pwrState != PWR_ACT)
// note that at this point numBanksActive could be back at
// zero again due to a precharge scheduled in the future
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_ACT, curTick());
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::processPrechargeEvent()
{
// counter should at least indicate one outstanding request
// for this precharge
assert(outstandingEvents > 0);
// precharge complete, decrement count
--outstandingEvents;
// if we reached zero, then special conditions apply as we track
// if all banks are precharged for the power models
if (numBanksActive == 0) {
// no reads to this rank in the Q and no pending
// RD/WR or refresh commands
if (isQueueEmpty() && outstandingEvents == 0 &&
memory.enableDRAMPowerdown) {
// should still be in ACT state since bank still open
assert(pwrState == PWR_ACT);
// All banks closed - switch to precharge power down state.
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Rank %d sleep at tick %d\n",
rank, curTick());
powerDownSleep(PWR_PRE_PDN, curTick());
} else {
// we should transition to the idle state when the last bank
// is precharged
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_IDLE, curTick());
}
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::processWriteDoneEvent()
{
// counter should at least indicate one outstanding request
// for this write
assert(outstandingEvents > 0);
// Write transfer on bus has completed
// decrement per rank counter
--outstandingEvents;
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::processRefreshEvent()
{
// when first preparing the refresh, remember when it was due
if ((refreshState == REF_IDLE) || (refreshState == REF_SREF_EXIT)) {
// remember when the refresh is due
refreshDueAt = curTick();
// proceed to drain
refreshState = REF_DRAIN;
// make nonzero while refresh is pending to ensure
// power down and self-refresh are not entered
++outstandingEvents;
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Refresh due\n");
}
// let any scheduled read or write to the same rank go ahead,
// after which it will
// hand control back to this event loop
if (refreshState == REF_DRAIN) {
// if a request is at the moment being handled and this request is
// accessing the current rank then wait for it to finish
if ((rank == memory.activeRank)
&& (memory.nextReqEvent.scheduled())) {
// hand control over to the request loop until it is
// evaluated next
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Refresh awaiting draining\n");
return;
} else {
refreshState = REF_PD_EXIT;
}
}
// at this point, ensure that rank is not in a power-down state
if (refreshState == REF_PD_EXIT) {
// if rank was sleeping and we have't started exit process,
// wake-up for refresh
if (inLowPowerState) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Wake Up for refresh\n");
// save state and return after refresh completes
scheduleWakeUpEvent(memory.tXP);
return;
} else {
refreshState = REF_PRE;
}
}
// at this point, ensure that all banks are precharged
if (refreshState == REF_PRE) {
// precharge any active bank
if (numBanksActive != 0) {
// at the moment, we use a precharge all even if there is
// only a single bank open
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Precharging all\n");
// first determine when we can precharge
Tick pre_at = curTick();
for (auto &b : banks) {
// respect both causality and any existing bank
// constraints, some banks could already have a
// (auto) precharge scheduled
pre_at = std::max(b.preAllowedAt, pre_at);
}
// make sure all banks per rank are precharged, and for those that
// already are, update their availability
Tick act_allowed_at = pre_at + memory.tRP;
for (auto &b : banks) {
if (b.openRow != Bank::NO_ROW) {
memory.prechargeBank(*this, b, pre_at, false);
} else {
b.actAllowedAt = std::max(b.actAllowedAt, act_allowed_at);
b.preAllowedAt = std::max(b.preAllowedAt, pre_at);
}
}
// precharge all banks in rank
cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::PREA, 0, pre_at));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,PREA,0,%d\n",
divCeil(pre_at, memory.tCK) -
memory.timeStampOffset, rank);
} else if ((pwrState == PWR_IDLE) && (outstandingEvents == 1)) {
// Banks are closed, have transitioned to IDLE state, and
// no outstanding ACT,RD/WR,Auto-PRE sequence scheduled
DPRINTF(DRAM, "All banks already precharged, starting refresh\n");
// go ahead and kick the power state machine into gear since
// we are already idle
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_REF, curTick());
} else {
// banks state is closed but haven't transitioned pwrState to IDLE
// or have outstanding ACT,RD/WR,Auto-PRE sequence scheduled
// should have outstanding precharge event in this case
assert(prechargeEvent.scheduled());
// will start refresh when pwrState transitions to IDLE
}
assert(numBanksActive == 0);
// wait for all banks to be precharged, at which point the
// power state machine will transition to the idle state, and
// automatically move to a refresh, at that point it will also
// call this method to get the refresh event loop going again
return;
}
// last but not least we perform the actual refresh
if (refreshState == REF_START) {
// should never get here with any banks active
assert(numBanksActive == 0);
assert(pwrState == PWR_REF);
Tick ref_done_at = curTick() + memory.tRFC;
for (auto &b : banks) {
b.actAllowedAt = ref_done_at;
}
// at the moment this affects all ranks
cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::REF, 0, curTick()));
// Update the stats
updatePowerStats();
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,REF,0,%d\n", divCeil(curTick(), memory.tCK) -
memory.timeStampOffset, rank);
// Update for next refresh
refreshDueAt += memory.tREFI;
// make sure we did not wait so long that we cannot make up
// for it
if (refreshDueAt < ref_done_at) {
fatal("Refresh was delayed so long we cannot catch up\n");
}
// Run the refresh and schedule event to transition power states
// when refresh completes
refreshState = REF_RUN;
schedule(refreshEvent, ref_done_at);
return;
}
if (refreshState == REF_RUN) {
// should never get here with any banks active
assert(numBanksActive == 0);
assert(pwrState == PWR_REF);
assert(!powerEvent.scheduled());
if ((memory.drainState() == DrainState::Draining) ||
(memory.drainState() == DrainState::Drained)) {
// if draining, do not re-enter low-power mode.
// simply go to IDLE and wait
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_IDLE, curTick());
} else {
// At the moment, we sleep when the refresh ends and wait to be
// woken up again if previously in a low-power state.
if (pwrStatePostRefresh != PWR_IDLE) {
// power State should be power Refresh
assert(pwrState == PWR_REF);
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Rank %d sleeping after refresh and was in "
"power state %d before refreshing\n", rank,
pwrStatePostRefresh);
powerDownSleep(pwrState, curTick());
// Force PRE power-down if there are no outstanding commands
// in Q after refresh.
} else if (isQueueEmpty() && memory.enableDRAMPowerdown) {
// still have refresh event outstanding but there should
// be no other events outstanding
assert(outstandingEvents == 1);
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Rank %d sleeping after refresh but was NOT"
" in a low power state before refreshing\n", rank);
powerDownSleep(PWR_PRE_PDN, curTick());
} else {
// move to the idle power state once the refresh is done, this
// will also move the refresh state machine to the refresh
// idle state
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_IDLE, curTick());
}
}
// At this point, we have completed the current refresh.
// In the SREF bypass case, we do not get to this state in the
// refresh STM and therefore can always schedule next event.
// Compensate for the delay in actually performing the refresh
// when scheduling the next one
schedule(refreshEvent, refreshDueAt - memory.tRP);
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Refresh done at %llu and next refresh"
" at %llu\n", curTick(), refreshDueAt);
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::schedulePowerEvent(PowerState pwr_state, Tick tick)
{
// respect causality
assert(tick >= curTick());
if (!powerEvent.scheduled()) {
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Scheduling power event at %llu to state %d\n",
tick, pwr_state);
// insert the new transition
pwrStateTrans = pwr_state;
schedule(powerEvent, tick);
} else {
panic("Scheduled power event at %llu to state %d, "
"with scheduled event at %llu to %d\n", tick, pwr_state,
powerEvent.when(), pwrStateTrans);
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::powerDownSleep(PowerState pwr_state, Tick tick)
{
// if low power state is active low, schedule to active low power state.
// in reality tCKE is needed to enter active low power. This is neglected
// here and could be added in the future.
if (pwr_state == PWR_ACT_PDN) {
schedulePowerEvent(pwr_state, tick);
// push command to DRAMPower
cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::PDN_F_ACT, 0, tick));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,PDN_F_ACT,0,%d\n", divCeil(tick,
memory.tCK) - memory.timeStampOffset, rank);
} else if (pwr_state == PWR_PRE_PDN) {
// if low power state is precharge low, schedule to precharge low
// power state. In reality tCKE is needed to enter active low power.
// This is neglected here.
schedulePowerEvent(pwr_state, tick);
//push Command to DRAMPower
cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::PDN_F_PRE, 0, tick));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,PDN_F_PRE,0,%d\n", divCeil(tick,
memory.tCK) - memory.timeStampOffset, rank);
} else if (pwr_state == PWR_REF) {
// if a refresh just occurred
// transition to PRE_PDN now that all banks are closed
// precharge power down requires tCKE to enter. For simplicity
// this is not considered.
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_PRE_PDN, tick);
//push Command to DRAMPower
cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::PDN_F_PRE, 0, tick));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,PDN_F_PRE,0,%d\n", divCeil(tick,
memory.tCK) - memory.timeStampOffset, rank);
} else if (pwr_state == PWR_SREF) {
// should only enter SREF after PRE-PD wakeup to do a refresh
assert(pwrStatePostRefresh == PWR_PRE_PDN);
// self refresh requires time tCKESR to enter. For simplicity,
// this is not considered.
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_SREF, tick);
// push Command to DRAMPower
cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::SREN, 0, tick));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,SREN,0,%d\n", divCeil(tick,
memory.tCK) - memory.timeStampOffset, rank);
}
// Ensure that we don't power-down and back up in same tick
// Once we commit to PD entry, do it and wait for at least 1tCK
// This could be replaced with tCKE if/when that is added to the model
wakeUpAllowedAt = tick + memory.tCK;
// Transitioning to a low power state, set flag
inLowPowerState = true;
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::scheduleWakeUpEvent(Tick exit_delay)
{
Tick wake_up_tick = std::max(curTick(), wakeUpAllowedAt);
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Scheduling wake-up for rank %d at tick %d\n",
rank, wake_up_tick);
// if waking for refresh, hold previous state
// else reset state back to IDLE
if (refreshState == REF_PD_EXIT) {
pwrStatePostRefresh = pwrState;
} else {
// don't automatically transition back to LP state after next REF
pwrStatePostRefresh = PWR_IDLE;
}
// schedule wake-up with event to ensure entry has completed before
// we try to wake-up
schedule(wakeUpEvent, wake_up_tick);
for (auto &b : banks) {
// respect both causality and any existing bank
// constraints, some banks could already have a
// (auto) precharge scheduled
b.wrAllowedAt = std::max(wake_up_tick + exit_delay, b.wrAllowedAt);
b.rdAllowedAt = std::max(wake_up_tick + exit_delay, b.rdAllowedAt);
b.preAllowedAt = std::max(wake_up_tick + exit_delay, b.preAllowedAt);
b.actAllowedAt = std::max(wake_up_tick + exit_delay, b.actAllowedAt);
}
// Transitioning out of low power state, clear flag
inLowPowerState = false;
// push to DRAMPower
// use pwrStateTrans for cases where we have a power event scheduled
// to enter low power that has not yet been processed
if (pwrStateTrans == PWR_ACT_PDN) {
cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::PUP_ACT, 0, wake_up_tick));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,PUP_ACT,0,%d\n", divCeil(wake_up_tick,
memory.tCK) - memory.timeStampOffset, rank);
} else if (pwrStateTrans == PWR_PRE_PDN) {
cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::PUP_PRE, 0, wake_up_tick));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,PUP_PRE,0,%d\n", divCeil(wake_up_tick,
memory.tCK) - memory.timeStampOffset, rank);
} else if (pwrStateTrans == PWR_SREF) {
cmdList.push_back(Command(MemCommand::SREX, 0, wake_up_tick));
DPRINTF(DRAMPower, "%llu,SREX,0,%d\n", divCeil(wake_up_tick,
memory.tCK) - memory.timeStampOffset, rank);
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::processWakeUpEvent()
{
// Should be in a power-down or self-refresh state
assert((pwrState == PWR_ACT_PDN) || (pwrState == PWR_PRE_PDN) ||
(pwrState == PWR_SREF));
// Check current state to determine transition state
if (pwrState == PWR_ACT_PDN) {
// banks still open, transition to PWR_ACT
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_ACT, curTick());
} else {
// transitioning from a precharge power-down or self-refresh state
// banks are closed - transition to PWR_IDLE
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_IDLE, curTick());
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::processPowerEvent()
{
assert(curTick() >= pwrStateTick);
// remember where we were, and for how long
Tick duration = curTick() - pwrStateTick;
PowerState prev_state = pwrState;
// update the accounting
stats.memoryStateTime[prev_state] += duration;
// track to total idle time
if ((prev_state == PWR_PRE_PDN) || (prev_state == PWR_ACT_PDN) ||
(prev_state == PWR_SREF)) {
stats.totalIdleTime += duration;
}
pwrState = pwrStateTrans;
pwrStateTick = curTick();
// if rank was refreshing, make sure to start scheduling requests again
if (prev_state == PWR_REF) {
// bus IDLED prior to REF
// counter should be one for refresh command only
assert(outstandingEvents == 1);
// REF complete, decrement count and go back to IDLE
--outstandingEvents;
refreshState = REF_IDLE;
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Was refreshing for %llu ticks\n", duration);
// if moving back to power-down after refresh
if (pwrState != PWR_IDLE) {
assert(pwrState == PWR_PRE_PDN);
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Switching to power down state after refreshing"
" rank %d at %llu tick\n", rank, curTick());
}
// completed refresh event, ensure next request is scheduled
if (!memory.nextReqEvent.scheduled()) {
DPRINTF(DRAM, "Scheduling next request after refreshing"
" rank %d\n", rank);
schedule(memory.nextReqEvent, curTick());
}
}
if ((pwrState == PWR_ACT) && (refreshState == REF_PD_EXIT)) {
// have exited ACT PD
assert(prev_state == PWR_ACT_PDN);
// go back to REF event and close banks
refreshState = REF_PRE;
schedule(refreshEvent, curTick());
} else if (pwrState == PWR_IDLE) {
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "All banks precharged\n");
if (prev_state == PWR_SREF) {
// set refresh state to REF_SREF_EXIT, ensuring inRefIdleState
// continues to return false during tXS after SREF exit
// Schedule a refresh which kicks things back into action
// when it finishes
refreshState = REF_SREF_EXIT;
schedule(refreshEvent, curTick() + memory.tXS);
} else {
// if we have a pending refresh, and are now moving to
// the idle state, directly transition to, or schedule refresh
if ((refreshState == REF_PRE) || (refreshState == REF_PD_EXIT)) {
// ensure refresh is restarted only after final PRE command.
// do not restart refresh if controller is in an intermediate
// state, after PRE_PDN exit, when banks are IDLE but an
// ACT is scheduled.
if (!activateEvent.scheduled()) {
// there should be nothing waiting at this point
assert(!powerEvent.scheduled());
if (refreshState == REF_PD_EXIT) {
// exiting PRE PD, will be in IDLE until tXP expires
// and then should transition to PWR_REF state
assert(prev_state == PWR_PRE_PDN);
schedulePowerEvent(PWR_REF, curTick() + memory.tXP);
} else if (refreshState == REF_PRE) {
// can directly move to PWR_REF state and proceed below
pwrState = PWR_REF;
}
} else {
// must have PRE scheduled to transition back to IDLE
// and re-kick off refresh
assert(prechargeEvent.scheduled());
}
}
}
}
// transition to the refresh state and re-start refresh process
// refresh state machine will schedule the next power state transition
if (pwrState == PWR_REF) {
// completed final PRE for refresh or exiting power-down
assert(refreshState == REF_PRE || refreshState == REF_PD_EXIT);
// exited PRE PD for refresh, with no pending commands
// bypass auto-refresh and go straight to SREF, where memory
// will issue refresh immediately upon entry
if (pwrStatePostRefresh == PWR_PRE_PDN && isQueueEmpty() &&
(memory.drainState() != DrainState::Draining) &&
(memory.drainState() != DrainState::Drained) &&
memory.enableDRAMPowerdown) {
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Rank %d bypassing refresh and transitioning "
"to self refresh at %11u tick\n", rank, curTick());
powerDownSleep(PWR_SREF, curTick());
// Since refresh was bypassed, remove event by decrementing count
assert(outstandingEvents == 1);
--outstandingEvents;
// reset state back to IDLE temporarily until SREF is entered
pwrState = PWR_IDLE;
// Not bypassing refresh for SREF entry
} else {
DPRINTF(DRAMState, "Refreshing\n");
// there should be nothing waiting at this point
assert(!powerEvent.scheduled());
// kick the refresh event loop into action again, and that
// in turn will schedule a transition to the idle power
// state once the refresh is done
schedule(refreshEvent, curTick());
// Banks transitioned to IDLE, start REF
refreshState = REF_START;
}
}
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::updatePowerStats()
{
// All commands up to refresh have completed
// flush cmdList to DRAMPower
flushCmdList();
// Call the function that calculates window energy at intermediate update
// events like at refresh, stats dump as well as at simulation exit.
// Window starts at the last time the calcWindowEnergy function was called
// and is upto current time.
power.powerlib.calcWindowEnergy(divCeil(curTick(), memory.tCK) -
memory.timeStampOffset);
// Get the energy from DRAMPower
Data::MemoryPowerModel::Energy energy = power.powerlib.getEnergy();
// The energy components inside the power lib are calculated over
// the window so accumulate into the corresponding gem5 stat
stats.actEnergy += energy.act_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
stats.preEnergy += energy.pre_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
stats.readEnergy += energy.read_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
stats.writeEnergy += energy.write_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
stats.refreshEnergy += energy.ref_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
stats.actBackEnergy += energy.act_stdby_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
stats.preBackEnergy += energy.pre_stdby_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
stats.actPowerDownEnergy += energy.f_act_pd_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
stats.prePowerDownEnergy += energy.f_pre_pd_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
stats.selfRefreshEnergy += energy.sref_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
// Accumulate window energy into the total energy.
stats.totalEnergy += energy.window_energy * memory.devicesPerRank;
// Average power must not be accumulated but calculated over the time
// since last stats reset. SimClock::Frequency is tick period not tick
// frequency.
// energy (pJ) 1e-9
// power (mW) = ----------- * ----------
// time (tick) tick_frequency
stats.averagePower = (stats.totalEnergy.value() /
(curTick() - memory.lastStatsResetTick)) *
(SimClock::Frequency / 1000000000.0);
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::computeStats()
{
DPRINTF(DRAM,"Computing stats due to a dump callback\n");
// Update the stats
updatePowerStats();
// final update of power state times
stats.memoryStateTime[pwrState] += (curTick() - pwrStateTick);
pwrStateTick = curTick();
}
void
DRAMCtrl::Rank::resetStats() {
// The only way to clear the counters in DRAMPower is to call
// calcWindowEnergy function as that then calls clearCounters. The
// clearCounters method itself is private.
power.powerlib.calcWindowEnergy(divCeil(curTick(), memory.tCK) -
memory.timeStampOffset);
}
DRAMCtrl::DRAMStats::DRAMStats(DRAMCtrl &_dram)
: Stats::Group(&_dram),
dram(_dram),
ADD_STAT(readReqs, "Number of read requests accepted"),
ADD_STAT(writeReqs, "Number of write requests accepted"),
ADD_STAT(readBursts,
"Number of DRAM read bursts, "
"including those serviced by the write queue"),
ADD_STAT(writeBursts,
"Number of DRAM write bursts, "
"including those merged in the write queue"),
ADD_STAT(servicedByWrQ,
"Number of DRAM read bursts serviced by the write queue"),
ADD_STAT(mergedWrBursts,
"Number of DRAM write bursts merged with an existing one"),
ADD_STAT(neitherReadNorWriteReqs,
"Number of requests that are neither read nor write"),
ADD_STAT(perBankRdBursts, "Per bank write bursts"),
ADD_STAT(perBankWrBursts, "Per bank write bursts"),
ADD_STAT(avgRdQLen, "Average read queue length when enqueuing"),
ADD_STAT(avgWrQLen, "Average write queue length when enqueuing"),
ADD_STAT(totQLat, "Total ticks spent queuing"),
ADD_STAT(totBusLat, "Total ticks spent in databus transfers"),
ADD_STAT(totMemAccLat,
"Total ticks spent from burst creation until serviced "
"by the DRAM"),
ADD_STAT(avgQLat, "Average queueing delay per DRAM burst"),
ADD_STAT(avgBusLat, "Average bus latency per DRAM burst"),
ADD_STAT(avgMemAccLat, "Average memory access latency per DRAM burst"),
ADD_STAT(numRdRetry, "Number of times read queue was full causing retry"),
ADD_STAT(numWrRetry, "Number of times write queue was full causing retry"),
ADD_STAT(readRowHits, "Number of row buffer hits during reads"),
ADD_STAT(writeRowHits, "Number of row buffer hits during writes"),
ADD_STAT(readRowHitRate, "Row buffer hit rate for reads"),
ADD_STAT(writeRowHitRate, "Row buffer hit rate for writes"),
ADD_STAT(readPktSize, "Read request sizes (log2)"),
ADD_STAT(writePktSize, "Write request sizes (log2)"),
ADD_STAT(rdQLenPdf, "What read queue length does an incoming req see"),
ADD_STAT(wrQLenPdf, "What write queue length does an incoming req see"),
ADD_STAT(bytesPerActivate, "Bytes accessed per row activation"),
ADD_STAT(rdPerTurnAround,
"Reads before turning the bus around for writes"),
ADD_STAT(wrPerTurnAround,
"Writes before turning the bus around for reads"),
ADD_STAT(bytesReadDRAM, "Total number of bytes read from DRAM"),
ADD_STAT(bytesReadWrQ, "Total number of bytes read from write queue"),
ADD_STAT(bytesWritten, "Total number of bytes written to DRAM"),
ADD_STAT(bytesReadSys, "Total read bytes from the system interface side"),
ADD_STAT(bytesWrittenSys,
"Total written bytes from the system interface side"),
ADD_STAT(avgRdBW, "Average DRAM read bandwidth in MiByte/s"),
ADD_STAT(avgWrBW, "Average achieved write bandwidth in MiByte/s"),
ADD_STAT(avgRdBWSys, "Average system read bandwidth in MiByte/s"),
ADD_STAT(avgWrBWSys, "Average system write bandwidth in MiByte/s"),
ADD_STAT(peakBW, "Theoretical peak bandwidth in MiByte/s"),
ADD_STAT(busUtil, "Data bus utilization in percentage"),
ADD_STAT(busUtilRead, "Data bus utilization in percentage for reads"),
ADD_STAT(busUtilWrite, "Data bus utilization in percentage for writes"),
ADD_STAT(totGap, "Total gap between requests"),
ADD_STAT(avgGap, "Average gap between requests"),
ADD_STAT(masterReadBytes, "Per-master bytes read from memory"),
ADD_STAT(masterWriteBytes, "Per-master bytes write to memory"),
ADD_STAT(masterReadRate,
"Per-master bytes read from memory rate (Bytes/sec)"),
ADD_STAT(masterWriteRate,
"Per-master bytes write to memory rate (Bytes/sec)"),
ADD_STAT(masterReadAccesses,
"Per-master read serviced memory accesses"),
ADD_STAT(masterWriteAccesses,
"Per-master write serviced memory accesses"),
ADD_STAT(masterReadTotalLat,
"Per-master read total memory access latency"),
ADD_STAT(masterWriteTotalLat,
"Per-master write total memory access latency"),
ADD_STAT(masterReadAvgLat,
"Per-master read average memory access latency"),
ADD_STAT(masterWriteAvgLat,
"Per-master write average memory access latency"),
ADD_STAT(pageHitRate, "Row buffer hit rate, read and write combined")
{
}
void
DRAMCtrl::DRAMStats::regStats()
{
using namespace Stats;
assert(dram._system);
const auto max_masters = dram._system->maxMasters();
perBankRdBursts.init(dram.banksPerRank * dram.ranksPerChannel);
perBankWrBursts.init(dram.banksPerRank * dram.ranksPerChannel);
avgRdQLen.precision(2);
avgWrQLen.precision(2);
avgQLat.precision(2);
avgBusLat.precision(2);
avgMemAccLat.precision(2);
readRowHitRate.precision(2);
writeRowHitRate.precision(2);
readPktSize.init(ceilLog2(dram.burstSize) + 1);
writePktSize.init(ceilLog2(dram.burstSize) + 1);
rdQLenPdf.init(dram.readBufferSize);
wrQLenPdf.init(dram.writeBufferSize);
bytesPerActivate
.init(dram.maxAccessesPerRow ?
dram.maxAccessesPerRow : dram.rowBufferSize)
.flags(nozero);
rdPerTurnAround
.init(dram.readBufferSize)
.flags(nozero);
wrPerTurnAround
.init(dram.writeBufferSize)
.flags(nozero);
avgRdBW.precision(2);
avgWrBW.precision(2);
avgRdBWSys.precision(2);
avgWrBWSys.precision(2);
peakBW.precision(2);
busUtil.precision(2);
avgGap.precision(2);
busUtilWrite.precision(2);
pageHitRate.precision(2);
// per-master bytes read and written to memory
masterReadBytes
.init(max_masters)
.flags(nozero | nonan);
masterWriteBytes
.init(max_masters)
.flags(nozero | nonan);
// per-master bytes read and written to memory rate
masterReadRate
.flags(nozero | nonan)
.precision(12);
masterReadAccesses
.init(max_masters)
.flags(nozero);
masterWriteAccesses
.init(max_masters)
.flags(nozero);
masterReadTotalLat
.init(max_masters)
.flags(nozero | nonan);
masterReadAvgLat
.flags(nonan)
.precision(2);
busUtilRead
.precision(2);
masterWriteRate
.flags(nozero | nonan)
.precision(12);
masterWriteTotalLat
.init(max_masters)
.flags(nozero | nonan);
masterWriteAvgLat
.flags(nonan)
.precision(2);
for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
const std::string master = dram._system->getMasterName(i);
masterReadBytes.subname(i, master);
masterReadRate.subname(i, master);
masterWriteBytes.subname(i, master);
masterWriteRate.subname(i, master);
masterReadAccesses.subname(i, master);
masterWriteAccesses.subname(i, master);
masterReadTotalLat.subname(i, master);
masterReadAvgLat.subname(i, master);
masterWriteTotalLat.subname(i, master);
masterWriteAvgLat.subname(i, master);
}
// Formula stats
avgQLat = totQLat / (readBursts - servicedByWrQ);
avgBusLat = totBusLat / (readBursts - servicedByWrQ);
avgMemAccLat = totMemAccLat / (readBursts - servicedByWrQ);
readRowHitRate = (readRowHits / (readBursts - servicedByWrQ)) * 100;
writeRowHitRate = (writeRowHits / (writeBursts - mergedWrBursts)) * 100;
avgRdBW = (bytesReadDRAM / 1000000) / simSeconds;
avgWrBW = (bytesWritten / 1000000) / simSeconds;
avgRdBWSys = (bytesReadSys / 1000000) / simSeconds;
avgWrBWSys = (bytesWrittenSys / 1000000) / simSeconds;
peakBW = (SimClock::Frequency / dram.tBURST) * dram.burstSize / 1000000;
busUtil = (avgRdBW + avgWrBW) / peakBW * 100;
avgGap = totGap / (readReqs + writeReqs);
busUtilRead = avgRdBW / peakBW * 100;
busUtilWrite = avgWrBW / peakBW * 100;
pageHitRate = (writeRowHits + readRowHits) /
(writeBursts - mergedWrBursts + readBursts - servicedByWrQ) * 100;
masterReadRate = masterReadBytes / simSeconds;
masterWriteRate = masterWriteBytes / simSeconds;
masterReadAvgLat = masterReadTotalLat / masterReadAccesses;
masterWriteAvgLat = masterWriteTotalLat / masterWriteAccesses;
}
void
DRAMCtrl::DRAMStats::resetStats()
{
dram.lastStatsResetTick = curTick();
}
DRAMCtrl::RankStats::RankStats(DRAMCtrl &_memory, Rank &_rank)
: Stats::Group(&_memory, csprintf("rank%d", _rank.rank).c_str()),
rank(_rank),
ADD_STAT(actEnergy, "Energy for activate commands per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(preEnergy, "Energy for precharge commands per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(readEnergy, "Energy for read commands per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(writeEnergy, "Energy for write commands per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(refreshEnergy, "Energy for refresh commands per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(actBackEnergy, "Energy for active background per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(preBackEnergy, "Energy for precharge background per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(actPowerDownEnergy,
"Energy for active power-down per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(prePowerDownEnergy,
"Energy for precharge power-down per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(selfRefreshEnergy, "Energy for self refresh per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(totalEnergy, "Total energy per rank (pJ)"),
ADD_STAT(averagePower, "Core power per rank (mW)"),
ADD_STAT(totalIdleTime, "Total Idle time Per DRAM Rank"),
ADD_STAT(memoryStateTime, "Time in different power states")
{
}
void
DRAMCtrl::RankStats::regStats()
{
Stats::Group::regStats();
memoryStateTime.init(6);
memoryStateTime.subname(0, "IDLE");
memoryStateTime.subname(1, "REF");
memoryStateTime.subname(2, "SREF");
memoryStateTime.subname(3, "PRE_PDN");
memoryStateTime.subname(4, "ACT");
memoryStateTime.subname(5, "ACT_PDN");
}
void
DRAMCtrl::RankStats::resetStats()
{
Stats::Group::resetStats();
rank.resetStats();
}
void
DRAMCtrl::RankStats::preDumpStats()
{
Stats::Group::preDumpStats();
rank.computeStats();
}
void
DRAMCtrl::recvFunctional(PacketPtr pkt)
{
// rely on the abstract memory
functionalAccess(pkt);
}
Port &
DRAMCtrl::getPort(const string &if_name, PortID idx)
{
if (if_name != "port") {
return QoS::MemCtrl::getPort(if_name, idx);
} else {
return port;
}
}
DrainState
DRAMCtrl::drain()
{
// if there is anything in any of our internal queues, keep track
// of that as well
if (!(!totalWriteQueueSize && !totalReadQueueSize && respQueue.empty() &&
allRanksDrained())) {
DPRINTF(Drain, "DRAM controller not drained, write: %d, read: %d,"
" resp: %d\n", totalWriteQueueSize, totalReadQueueSize,
respQueue.size());
// the only queue that is not drained automatically over time
// is the write queue, thus kick things into action if needed
if (!totalWriteQueueSize && !nextReqEvent.scheduled()) {
schedule(nextReqEvent, curTick());
}
// also need to kick off events to exit self-refresh
for (auto r : ranks) {
// force self-refresh exit, which in turn will issue auto-refresh
if (r->pwrState == PWR_SREF) {
DPRINTF(DRAM,"Rank%d: Forcing self-refresh wakeup in drain\n",
r->rank);
r->scheduleWakeUpEvent(tXS);
}
}
return DrainState::Draining;
} else {
return DrainState::Drained;
}
}
bool
DRAMCtrl::allRanksDrained() const
{
// true until proven false
bool all_ranks_drained = true;
for (auto r : ranks) {
// then verify that the power state is IDLE ensuring all banks are
// closed and rank is not in a low power state. Also verify that rank
// is idle from a refresh point of view.
all_ranks_drained = r->inPwrIdleState() && r->inRefIdleState() &&
all_ranks_drained;
}
return all_ranks_drained;
}
void
DRAMCtrl::drainResume()
{
if (!isTimingMode && system()->isTimingMode()) {
// if we switched to timing mode, kick things into action,
// and behave as if we restored from a checkpoint
startup();
} else if (isTimingMode && !system()->isTimingMode()) {
// if we switch from timing mode, stop the refresh events to
// not cause issues with KVM
for (auto r : ranks) {
r->suspend();
}
}
// update the mode
isTimingMode = system()->isTimingMode();
}
DRAMCtrl::MemoryPort::MemoryPort(const std::string& name, DRAMCtrl& _memory)
: QueuedSlavePort(name, &_memory, queue), queue(_memory, *this, true),
memory(_memory)
{ }
AddrRangeList
DRAMCtrl::MemoryPort::getAddrRanges() const
{
AddrRangeList ranges;
ranges.push_back(memory.getAddrRange());
return ranges;
}
void
DRAMCtrl::MemoryPort::recvFunctional(PacketPtr pkt)
{
pkt->pushLabel(memory.name());
if (!queue.trySatisfyFunctional(pkt)) {
// Default implementation of SimpleTimingPort::recvFunctional()
// calls recvAtomic() and throws away the latency; we can save a
// little here by just not calculating the latency.
memory.recvFunctional(pkt);
}
pkt->popLabel();
}
Tick
DRAMCtrl::MemoryPort::recvAtomic(PacketPtr pkt)
{
return memory.recvAtomic(pkt);
}
bool
DRAMCtrl::MemoryPort::recvTimingReq(PacketPtr pkt)
{
// pass it to the memory controller
return memory.recvTimingReq(pkt);
}
DRAMCtrl*
DRAMCtrlParams::create()
{
return new DRAMCtrl(this);
}