/* * Copyright (c) 2009 Princeton University * Copyright (c) 2009 The Regents of the University of California * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer; * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution; * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from * this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * Authors: Hangsheng Wang (Orion 1.0, Princeton) * Xinping Zhu (Orion 1.0, Princeton) * Xuning Chen (Orion 1.0, Princeton) * Bin Li (Orion 2.0, Princeton) * Kambiz Samadi (Orion 2.0, UC San Diego) */ #include #include #include #include "base/misc.hh" #include "mem/ruby/network/orion/TechParameter.hh" #include "mem/ruby/network/orion/Wire.hh" using namespace std; Wire::Wire( const string& wire_spacing_model_str_, const string& buf_scheme_str_, bool is_shielding_, const TechParameter* tech_param_ptr_ ) { set_width_spacing_model(wire_spacing_model_str_); set_buf_scheme(buf_scheme_str_); m_is_shielding = is_shielding_; m_tech_param_ptr = tech_param_ptr_; if (m_tech_param_ptr->get_tech_node() > 90) { cerr << "ERROR: Wire model only support tech node <= 90" << endl; exit(1); } init(); } Wire::~Wire() {} // OPTIMUM K and H CALCULATION // Computes the optimum number and size of repeaters for the link void Wire::calc_opt_buffering( int* k_, double* h_, double len_ ) const { double BufferDriveResistance = m_tech_param_ptr->get_BufferDriveResistance(); double BufferInputCapacitance = m_tech_param_ptr->get_BufferInputCapacitance(); switch(m_buf_scheme) { case MIN_DELAY: { if (m_is_shielding) { double r = m_res_unit_len*len_; double c_g = 2*m_gnd_cap_unit_len*len_; double c_c = 2*m_couple_cap_unit_len*len_; *k_ = (int) sqrt(((0.4*r*c_g)+(0.57*r*c_c))/ (0.7*BufferDriveResistance*BufferInputCapacitance)); //k is the number of buffers to be inserted *h_ = sqrt(((0.7*BufferDriveResistance*c_g)+ (1.4*1.5*BufferDriveResistance*c_c))/(0.7*r*BufferInputCapacitance)); //the size of the buffers to be inserted break; } else { double r = m_res_unit_len*len_; double c_g = 2*m_gnd_cap_unit_len*len_; double c_c = 2*m_couple_cap_unit_len*len_; *k_ = (int) sqrt(((0.4*r*c_g)+(1.51*r*c_c))/ (0.7*BufferDriveResistance*BufferInputCapacitance)); *h_ = sqrt(((0.7*BufferDriveResistance*c_g)+ (1.4*2.2*BufferDriveResistance*c_c))/(0.7*r*BufferInputCapacitance)); break; } } case STAGGERED: { double r = m_res_unit_len*len_; double c_g = 2*m_gnd_cap_unit_len*len_; double c_c = 2*m_couple_cap_unit_len*len_; *k_ = (int) sqrt(((0.4*r*c_g)+(0.57*r*c_c))/ (0.7*BufferDriveResistance*BufferInputCapacitance)); *h_ = sqrt(((0.7*BufferDriveResistance*c_g)+ (1.4*1.5*BufferDriveResistance*c_c))/(0.7*r*BufferInputCapacitance)); break; } } return; } double Wire::calc_dynamic_energy(double len_) const { double c_g = 2*m_gnd_cap_unit_len*len_; double c_c = 2*m_couple_cap_unit_len*len_; double cap_wire = c_g + c_c; int k; double h; calc_opt_buffering(&k, &h, len_); double BufferInputCapacitance = m_tech_param_ptr->get_BufferInputCapacitance(); double cap_buf = ((double)k)*BufferInputCapacitance*h; double e_factor = m_tech_param_ptr->get_EnergyFactor(); return ((cap_wire+cap_buf)*e_factor); } double Wire::calc_static_power(double len_) const { int k; double h; calc_opt_buffering(&k, &h, len_); double BufferNMOSOffCurrent = m_tech_param_ptr->get_BufferNMOSOffCurrent(); double BufferPMOSOffCurrent = m_tech_param_ptr->get_BufferPMOSOffCurrent(); double i_static_nmos = BufferNMOSOffCurrent*h*k; double i_static_pmos = BufferPMOSOffCurrent*h*k; double vdd = m_tech_param_ptr->get_vdd(); return (vdd*(i_static_pmos+i_static_nmos)/2); } void Wire::init() { m_res_unit_len = calc_res_unit_len(); m_gnd_cap_unit_len = calc_gnd_cap_unit_len(); m_couple_cap_unit_len = calc_couple_cap_unit_len(); return; } void Wire::set_width_spacing_model( const string& wire_spacing_model_str_ ) { if (wire_spacing_model_str_ == string("SWIDTH_SSPACE")) { m_width_spacing_model = SWIDTH_SSPACE; } else if (wire_spacing_model_str_ == string("SWIDTH_DSPACE")) { m_width_spacing_model = SWIDTH_DSPACE; } else if (wire_spacing_model_str_ == string("DWIDTH_SSPACE")) { m_width_spacing_model = DWIDTH_SSPACE; } else if (wire_spacing_model_str_ == string("DWIDTH_DSPACE")) { m_width_spacing_model = DWIDTH_DSPACE; } else { cerr << "ERROR: Invalid wire width/spacing model" << endl; exit(1); } return; } void Wire::set_buf_scheme( const string& buf_scheme_str_ ) { if (buf_scheme_str_ == string("MIN_DELAY")) { m_buf_scheme = MIN_DELAY; } else if (buf_scheme_str_ == string("STAGGERED")) { m_buf_scheme = STAGGERED; } else { cerr << "ERROR: Invalid wire buf scheme" << endl; exit(1); } return; } // The following function computes the wire resistance considering // width-spacing combination and a width-dependent resistivity model double Wire::calc_res_unit_len() { double r = -1.0; double rho; // r, rho is in ohm.m double WireMinWidth = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireMinWidth(); double WireBarrierThickness = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireBarrierThickness(); double WireMetalThickness = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireMetalThickness(); switch(m_width_spacing_model) { case SWIDTH_SSPACE: case SWIDTH_DSPACE: rho = 2.202e-8 + (1.030e-15 / (WireMinWidth - 2*WireBarrierThickness)); r = ((rho) / ((WireMinWidth - 2*WireBarrierThickness) * (WireMetalThickness - WireBarrierThickness))); break; case DWIDTH_SSPACE: case DWIDTH_DSPACE: rho = 2.202e-8 + (1.030e-15 / (2*WireMinWidth - 2*WireBarrierThickness)); r = ((rho) / ((2*WireMinWidth - 2*WireBarrierThickness) * (WireMetalThickness - WireBarrierThickness))); break; default: warn("Orion: Width spacing model not found: %s\n", m_width_spacing_model); r = 1.0; } return r; } // COMPUTE WIRE CAPACITANCE using PTM models double Wire::calc_gnd_cap_unit_len() { // c_g is in F double c_g = -1.0; double WireMinWidth = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireMinWidth(); double WireMinSpacing = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireMinSpacing(); double WireMetalThickness = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireMetalThickness(); double WireDielectricThickness = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireDielectricThickness(); double WireDielectricConstant = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireDielectricConstant(); switch(m_width_spacing_model) { case SWIDTH_SSPACE: { double A = (WireMinWidth/WireDielectricThickness); double B = 2.04*pow((WireMinSpacing/(WireMinSpacing + 0.54*WireDielectricThickness)), 1.77); double C = pow((WireMetalThickness/(WireMetalThickness + 4.53*WireDielectricThickness)), 0.07); c_g = WireDielectricConstant*8.85e-12*(A+(B*C)); break; } case SWIDTH_DSPACE: { double minSpacingNew = 2*WireMinSpacing + WireMinWidth; double A = (WireMinWidth/WireDielectricThickness); double B = 2.04*pow((minSpacingNew/(minSpacingNew + 0.54*WireDielectricThickness)), 1.77); double C = pow((WireMetalThickness/(WireMetalThickness + 4.53*WireDielectricThickness)), 0.07); c_g = WireDielectricConstant*8.85e-12*(A+(B*C)); break; } case DWIDTH_SSPACE: { double minWidthNew = 2*WireMinWidth; double A = (minWidthNew/WireDielectricThickness); double B = 2.04*pow((WireMinSpacing/(WireMinSpacing + 0.54*WireDielectricThickness)), 1.77); double C = pow((WireMetalThickness/(WireMetalThickness + 4.53*WireDielectricThickness)), 0.07); c_g = WireDielectricConstant*8.85e-12*(A+(B*C)); break; } case DWIDTH_DSPACE: { double minWidthNew = 2*WireMinWidth; double minSpacingNew = 2*WireMinSpacing; double A = (minWidthNew/WireDielectricThickness); double B = 2.04*pow((minSpacingNew/(minSpacingNew+ 0.54*WireDielectricThickness)), 1.77); double C = pow((WireMetalThickness/(WireMetalThickness + 4.53*WireDielectricThickness)), 0.07); c_g = WireDielectricConstant*8.85e-12*(A+(B*C)); break; } default: warn("Orion: Width spacing model not found: %s\n", m_width_spacing_model); c_g = 1.0; } return c_g; } // Computes the coupling capacitance considering cross-talk double Wire::calc_couple_cap_unit_len() { //c_c is in F double c_c = -1.0; double WireMinWidth = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireMinWidth(); double WireMinSpacing = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireMinSpacing(); double WireMetalThickness = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireMetalThickness(); double WireDielectricThickness = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireDielectricThickness(); double WireDielectricConstant = m_tech_param_ptr->get_WireDielectricConstant(); switch(m_width_spacing_model) { case SWIDTH_SSPACE: { double A = 1.14*(WireMetalThickness/WireMinSpacing) * exp(-4*WireMinSpacing/(WireMinSpacing + 8.01*WireDielectricThickness)); double B = 2.37*pow((WireMinWidth/(WireMinWidth + 0.31*WireMinSpacing)), 0.28); double C = pow((WireDielectricThickness/(WireDielectricThickness + 8.96*WireMinSpacing)), 0.76) * exp(-2*WireMinSpacing/(WireMinSpacing + 6*WireDielectricThickness)); c_c = WireDielectricConstant*8.85e-12*(A + (B*C)); break; } case SWIDTH_DSPACE: { double minSpacingNew = 2*WireMinSpacing + WireMinWidth; double A = 1.14*(WireMetalThickness/minSpacingNew) * exp(-4*minSpacingNew/(minSpacingNew + 8.01*WireDielectricThickness)); double B = 2.37*pow((WireMinWidth/(WireMinWidth + 0.31*minSpacingNew)), 0.28); double C = pow((WireDielectricThickness/(WireDielectricThickness + 8.96*minSpacingNew)), 0.76) * exp(-2*minSpacingNew/(minSpacingNew + 6*WireDielectricThickness)); c_c = WireDielectricConstant*8.85e-12*(A + (B*C)); break; } case DWIDTH_SSPACE: { double minWidthNew = 2*WireMinWidth; double A = 1.14*(WireMetalThickness/WireMinSpacing) * exp(-4*WireMinSpacing/(WireMinSpacing + 8.01*WireDielectricThickness)); double B = 2.37*pow((2*minWidthNew/(2*minWidthNew + 0.31*WireMinSpacing)), 0.28); double C = pow((WireDielectricThickness/(WireDielectricThickness + 8.96*WireMinSpacing)), 0.76) * exp(-2*WireMinSpacing/(WireMinSpacing + 6*WireDielectricThickness)); c_c = WireDielectricConstant*8.85e-12*(A + (B*C)); break; } case DWIDTH_DSPACE: { double minWidthNew = 2*WireMinWidth; double minSpacingNew = 2*WireMinSpacing; double A = 1.14*(WireMetalThickness/minSpacingNew) * exp(-4*minSpacingNew/(minSpacingNew + 8.01*WireDielectricThickness)); double B = 2.37*pow((minWidthNew/(minWidthNew + 0.31*minSpacingNew)), 0.28); double C = pow((WireDielectricThickness/(WireDielectricThickness + 8.96*minSpacingNew)), 0.76) * exp(-2*minSpacingNew/(minSpacingNew + 6*WireDielectricThickness)); c_c = WireDielectricConstant*8.85e-12*(A + (B*C)); break; } default: warn("Orion: Width spacing model not found: %s\n", m_width_spacing_model); c_c = 1.0; } return c_c; }