#include "fitz.h" #include "mupdf.h" #include "muxps.h" #include "pdfapp.h" #ifndef UNICODE #define UNICODE #endif #ifndef _UNICODE #define _UNICODE #endif #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN #include #include #include #ifndef WM_MOUSEWHEEL #define WM_MOUSEWHEEL 0x020A #endif #define ID_ABOUT 0x1000 #define ID_DOCINFO 0x1001 static HWND hwndframe = NULL; static HWND hwndview = NULL; static HDC hdc; static HBRUSH bgbrush; static HBRUSH shbrush; static BITMAPINFO *dibinf; static HCURSOR arrowcurs, handcurs, waitcurs; static LRESULT CALLBACK frameproc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); static LRESULT CALLBACK viewproc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); static int justcopied = 0; static pdfapp_t gapp; static wchar_t wbuf[1024]; static char filename[1024]; static fz_context *context; /* * Create registry keys to associate MuPDF with PDF and XPS files. */ #define OPEN_KEY(parent, name, ptr) \ RegCreateKeyExA(parent, name, 0, 0, 0, KEY_WRITE, 0, &ptr, 0) #define SET_KEY(parent, name, value) \ RegSetValueExA(parent, name, 0, REG_SZ, value, strlen(value) + 1) void install_app(char *argv0) { char buf[512]; HKEY software, classes, mupdf, dotpdf, dotxps; HKEY shell, open, command, supported_types; HKEY pdf_progids, xps_progids; OPEN_KEY(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, "Software", software); OPEN_KEY(software, "Classes", classes); OPEN_KEY(classes, ".pdf", dotpdf); OPEN_KEY(dotpdf, "OpenWithProgids", pdf_progids); OPEN_KEY(classes, ".xps", dotxps); OPEN_KEY(dotxps, "OpenWithProgids", xps_progids); OPEN_KEY(classes, "MuPDF", mupdf); OPEN_KEY(mupdf, "SupportedTypes", supported_types); OPEN_KEY(mupdf, "shell", shell); OPEN_KEY(shell, "open", open); OPEN_KEY(open, "command", command); sprintf(buf, "\"%s\" \"%%1\"", argv0); SET_KEY(open, "FriendlyAppName", "MuPDF"); SET_KEY(command, "", buf); SET_KEY(supported_types, ".pdf", ""); SET_KEY(supported_types, ".xps", ""); SET_KEY(pdf_progids, "MuPDF", ""); SET_KEY(xps_progids, "MuPDF", ""); RegCloseKey(dotxps); RegCloseKey(dotpdf); RegCloseKey(mupdf); RegCloseKey(classes); RegCloseKey(software); } /* * Dialog boxes */ void winwarn(pdfapp_t *app, char *msg) { MessageBoxA(hwndframe, msg, "MuPDF: Warning", MB_ICONWARNING); } void winerror(pdfapp_t *app, char *msg) { MessageBoxA(hwndframe, msg, "MuPDF: Error", MB_ICONERROR); exit(1); } int winfilename(wchar_t *buf, int len) { OPENFILENAME ofn; buf[0] = 0; memset(&ofn, 0, sizeof(OPENFILENAME)); ofn.lStructSize = sizeof(OPENFILENAME); ofn.hwndOwner = hwndframe; ofn.lpstrFile = buf; ofn.nMaxFile = len; ofn.lpstrInitialDir = NULL; ofn.lpstrTitle = L"MuPDF: Open PDF file"; ofn.lpstrFilter = L"Documents (*.pdf;*.xps)\0*.xps;*.pdf\0PDF Files (*.pdf)\0*.pdf\0XPS Files (*.xps)\0*.xps\0All Files\0*\0\0"; ofn.Flags = OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST|OFN_HIDEREADONLY; return GetOpenFileNameW(&ofn); } static char pd_filename[256] = "The file is encrypted."; static char pd_password[256] = ""; static int pd_okay = 0; INT CALLBACK dlogpassproc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 4, pd_filename); return TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: switch(wParam) { case 1: pd_okay = 1; GetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 3, pd_password, sizeof pd_password); EndDialog(hwnd, 1); return TRUE; case 2: pd_okay = 0; EndDialog(hwnd, 1); return TRUE; } break; } return FALSE; } char *winpassword(pdfapp_t *app, char *filename) { char buf[1024], *s; int code; strcpy(buf, filename); s = buf; if (strrchr(s, '\\')) s = strrchr(s, '\\') + 1; if (strrchr(s, '/')) s = strrchr(s, '/') + 1; if (strlen(s) > 32) strcpy(s + 30, "..."); sprintf(pd_filename, "The file \"%s\" is encrypted.", s); code = DialogBoxW(NULL, L"IDD_DLOGPASS", hwndframe, dlogpassproc); if (code <= 0) winerror(app, "cannot create password dialog"); if (pd_okay) return pd_password; return NULL; } INT CALLBACK dloginfoproc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { char buf[256]; pdf_document *doc = gapp.doc; fz_obj *info, *obj; switch(message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: SetDlgItemTextW(hwnd, 0x10, wbuf); if (!doc) { SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 0x11, "XPS"); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 0x12, "None"); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 0x13, "n/a"); return TRUE; } sprintf(buf, "PDF %d.%d", doc->version / 10, doc->version % 10); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 0x11, buf); if (doc->crypt) { sprintf(buf, "Standard V%d %d-bit %s", pdf_get_crypt_revision(doc), pdf_get_crypt_length(doc), pdf_get_crypt_method(doc)); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 0x12, buf); strcpy(buf, ""); if (pdf_has_permission(doc, PDF_PERM_PRINT)) strcat(buf, "print, "); if (pdf_has_permission(doc, PDF_PERM_CHANGE)) strcat(buf, "modify, "); if (pdf_has_permission(doc, PDF_PERM_COPY)) strcat(buf, "copy, "); if (pdf_has_permission(doc, PDF_PERM_NOTES)) strcat(buf, "annotate, "); if (strlen(buf) > 2) buf[strlen(buf)-2] = 0; else strcpy(buf, "none"); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 0x13, buf); } else { SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 0x12, "None"); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 0x13, "n/a"); } info = fz_dict_gets(doc->trailer, "Info"); if (!info) return TRUE; #define SETUCS(ID) \ { \ unsigned short *ucs; \ ucs = pdf_to_ucs2(doc->ctx, obj); \ SetDlgItemTextW(hwnd, ID, ucs); \ fz_free(context, ucs); \ } if ((obj = fz_dict_gets(info, "Title"))) SETUCS(0x20); if ((obj = fz_dict_gets(info, "Author"))) SETUCS(0x21); if ((obj = fz_dict_gets(info, "Subject"))) SETUCS(0x22); if ((obj = fz_dict_gets(info, "Keywords"))) SETUCS(0x23); if ((obj = fz_dict_gets(info, "Creator"))) SETUCS(0x24); if ((obj = fz_dict_gets(info, "Producer"))) SETUCS(0x25); if ((obj = fz_dict_gets(info, "CreationDate"))) SETUCS(0x26); if ((obj = fz_dict_gets(info, "ModDate"))) SETUCS(0x27); return TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: EndDialog(hwnd, 1); return TRUE; } return FALSE; } void info() { int code = DialogBoxW(NULL, L"IDD_DLOGINFO", hwndframe, dloginfoproc); if (code <= 0) winerror(&gapp, "cannot create info dialog"); } INT CALLBACK dlogaboutproc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 2, pdfapp_version(&gapp)); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd, 3, pdfapp_usage(&gapp)); return TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: EndDialog(hwnd, 1); return TRUE; } return FALSE; } void winhelp(pdfapp_t*app) { int code = DialogBoxW(NULL, L"IDD_DLOGABOUT", hwndframe, dlogaboutproc); if (code <= 0) winerror(&gapp, "cannot create help dialog"); } /* * Main window */ void winopen() { WNDCLASS wc; HMENU menu; RECT r; ATOM a; /* Create and register window frame class */ memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc)); wc.style = 0; wc.lpfnWndProc = frameproc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL); wc.hIcon = LoadIconA(wc.hInstance, "IDI_ICONAPP"); wc.hCursor = NULL; //LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = NULL; wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = L"FrameWindow"; a = RegisterClassW(&wc); if (!a) winerror(&gapp, "cannot register frame window class"); /* Create and register window view class */ memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc)); wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wc.lpfnWndProc = viewproc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL); wc.hIcon = NULL; wc.hCursor = NULL; wc.hbrBackground = NULL; wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = L"ViewWindow"; a = RegisterClassW(&wc); if (!a) winerror(&gapp, "cannot register view window class"); /* Get screen size */ SystemParametersInfo(SPI_GETWORKAREA, 0, &r, 0); gapp.scrw = r.right - r.left; gapp.scrh = r.bottom - r.top; /* Create cursors */ arrowcurs = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); handcurs = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_HAND); waitcurs = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_WAIT); /* And a background color */ bgbrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0x70,0x70,0x70)); shbrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0x40,0x40,0x40)); /* Init DIB info for buffer */ dibinf = malloc(sizeof(BITMAPINFO) + 12); assert(dibinf); dibinf->bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(dibinf->bmiHeader); dibinf->bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1; dibinf->bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32; dibinf->bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB; dibinf->bmiHeader.biXPelsPerMeter = 2834; dibinf->bmiHeader.biYPelsPerMeter = 2834; dibinf->bmiHeader.biClrUsed = 0; dibinf->bmiHeader.biClrImportant = 0; dibinf->bmiHeader.biClrUsed = 0; /* Create window */ hwndframe = CreateWindowW(L"FrameWindow", // window class name NULL, // window caption WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_CLIPCHILDREN, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial position 300, // initial x size 300, // initial y size 0, // parent window handle 0, // window menu handle 0, // program instance handle 0); // creation parameters if (!hwndframe) winerror(&gapp, "cannot create frame"); hwndview = CreateWindowW(L"ViewWindow", // window class name NULL, WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, hwndframe, 0, 0, 0); if (!hwndview) winerror(&gapp, "cannot create view"); hdc = NULL; SetWindowTextW(hwndframe, L"MuPDF"); menu = GetSystemMenu(hwndframe, 0); AppendMenuW(menu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL); AppendMenuW(menu, MF_STRING, ID_ABOUT, L"About MuPDF..."); AppendMenuW(menu, MF_STRING, ID_DOCINFO, L"Document Properties..."); SetCursor(arrowcurs); } void winclose(pdfapp_t *app) { pdfapp_close(app); exit(0); } void wincursor(pdfapp_t *app, int curs) { if (curs == ARROW) SetCursor(arrowcurs); if (curs == HAND) SetCursor(handcurs); if (curs == WAIT) SetCursor(waitcurs); } void wintitle(pdfapp_t *app, char *title) { wchar_t wide[256], *dp; char *sp; int rune; dp = wide; sp = title; while (*sp && dp < wide + 255) { sp += chartorune(&rune, sp); *dp++ = rune; } *dp = 0; SetWindowTextW(hwndframe, wide); } void windrawrect(pdfapp_t *app, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1) { RECT r; r.left = x0; r.top = y0; r.right = x1; r.bottom = y1; FillRect(hdc, &r, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH)); } void windrawstring(pdfapp_t *app, int x, int y, char *s) { HFONT font = (HFONT)GetStockObject(ANSI_FIXED_FONT); SelectObject(hdc, font); TextOutA(hdc, x, y - 12, s, strlen(s)); } void winblitsearch() { if (gapp.isediting) { char buf[sizeof(gapp.search) + 50]; sprintf(buf, "Search: %s", gapp.search); windrawrect(&gapp, 0, 0, gapp.winw, 30); windrawstring(&gapp, 10, 20, buf); } } void winblit() { int x0 = gapp.panx; int y0 = gapp.pany; int x1 = gapp.panx + gapp.image->w; int y1 = gapp.pany + gapp.image->h; RECT r; if (gapp.image) { if (gapp.iscopying || justcopied) { pdfapp_invert(&gapp, gapp.selr); justcopied = 1; } pdfapp_inverthit(&gapp); dibinf->bmiHeader.biWidth = gapp.image->w; dibinf->bmiHeader.biHeight = -gapp.image->h; dibinf->bmiHeader.biSizeImage = gapp.image->h * 4; if (gapp.image->n == 2) { int i = gapp.image->w * gapp.image->h; unsigned char *color = malloc(i*4); unsigned char *s = gapp.image->samples; unsigned char *d = color; for (; i > 0 ; i--) { d[2] = d[1] = d[0] = *s++; d[3] = *s++; d += 4; } SetDIBitsToDevice(hdc, gapp.panx, gapp.pany, gapp.image->w, gapp.image->h, 0, 0, 0, gapp.image->h, color, dibinf, DIB_RGB_COLORS); free(color); } if (gapp.image->n == 4) { SetDIBitsToDevice(hdc, gapp.panx, gapp.pany, gapp.image->w, gapp.image->h, 0, 0, 0, gapp.image->h, gapp.image->samples, dibinf, DIB_RGB_COLORS); } pdfapp_inverthit(&gapp); if (gapp.iscopying || justcopied) { pdfapp_invert(&gapp, gapp.selr); justcopied = 1; } } /* Grey background */ r.top = 0; r.bottom = gapp.winh; r.left = 0; r.right = x0; FillRect(hdc, &r, bgbrush); r.left = x1; r.right = gapp.winw; FillRect(hdc, &r, bgbrush); r.left = 0; r.right = gapp.winw; r.top = 0; r.bottom = y0; FillRect(hdc, &r, bgbrush); r.top = y1; r.bottom = gapp.winh; FillRect(hdc, &r, bgbrush); /* Drop shadow */ r.left = x0 + 2; r.right = x1 + 2; r.top = y1; r.bottom = y1 + 2; FillRect(hdc, &r, shbrush); r.left = x1; r.right = x1 + 2; r.top = y0 + 2; r.bottom = y1; FillRect(hdc, &r, shbrush); winblitsearch(); } void winresize(pdfapp_t *app, int w, int h) { ShowWindow(hwndframe, SW_SHOWDEFAULT); w += GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXFRAME) * 2; h += GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYFRAME) * 2; h += GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYCAPTION); SetWindowPos(hwndframe, 0, 0, 0, w, h, SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOMOVE); } void winrepaint(pdfapp_t *app) { InvalidateRect(hwndview, NULL, 0); } void winrepaintsearch(pdfapp_t *app) { // TODO: invalidate only search area and // call only search redraw routine. InvalidateRect(hwndview, NULL, 0); } void winfullscreen(pdfapp_t *app, int state) { static WINDOWPLACEMENT savedplace; static int isfullscreen = 0; if (state && !isfullscreen) { GetWindowPlacement(hwndframe, &savedplace); SetWindowLong(hwndframe, GWL_STYLE, WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE); SetWindowPos(hwndframe, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_FRAMECHANGED); ShowWindow(hwndframe, SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED); isfullscreen = 1; } if (!state && isfullscreen) { SetWindowLong(hwndframe, GWL_STYLE, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW); SetWindowPos(hwndframe, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_FRAMECHANGED); SetWindowPlacement(hwndframe, &savedplace); isfullscreen = 0; } } /* * Event handling */ void windocopy(pdfapp_t *app) { HGLOBAL handle; unsigned short *ucsbuf; if (!OpenClipboard(hwndframe)) return; EmptyClipboard(); handle = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, 4096 * sizeof(unsigned short)); if (!handle) { CloseClipboard(); return; } ucsbuf = GlobalLock(handle); pdfapp_oncopy(&gapp, ucsbuf, 4096); GlobalUnlock(handle); SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, handle); CloseClipboard(); justcopied = 1; /* keep inversion around for a while... */ } void winreloadfile(pdfapp_t *app) { int fd; pdfapp_close(app); fd = _wopen(wbuf, O_BINARY | O_RDONLY, 0666); if (fd < 0) winerror(&gapp, "cannot reload file"); pdfapp_open(app, filename, fd, 1); } void winopenuri(pdfapp_t *app, char *buf) { ShellExecuteA(hwndframe, "open", buf, 0, 0, SW_SHOWNORMAL); } void handlekey(int c) { if (GetCapture() == hwndview) return; if (justcopied) { justcopied = 0; winrepaint(&gapp); } /* translate VK into ASCII equivalents */ if (c > 256) { switch (c - 256) { case VK_F1: c = '?'; break; case VK_ESCAPE: c = '\033'; break; case VK_DOWN: c = 'j'; break; case VK_UP: c = 'k'; break; case VK_LEFT: c = 'b'; break; case VK_RIGHT: c = ' '; break; case VK_PRIOR: c = ','; break; case VK_NEXT: c = '.'; break; } } pdfapp_onkey(&gapp, c); winrepaint(&gapp); } void handlemouse(int x, int y, int btn, int state) { if (state != 0 && justcopied) { justcopied = 0; winrepaint(&gapp); } if (state == 1) SetCapture(hwndview); if (state == -1) ReleaseCapture(); pdfapp_onmouse(&gapp, x, y, btn, 0, state); } LRESULT CALLBACK frameproc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(message) { case WM_SETFOCUS: PostMessage(hwnd, WM_APP+5, 0, 0); return 0; case WM_APP+5: SetFocus(hwndview); return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; case WM_SYSCOMMAND: if (wParam == ID_ABOUT) { winhelp(&gapp); return 0; } if (wParam == ID_DOCINFO) { info(); return 0; } if (wParam == SC_MAXIMIZE) gapp.shrinkwrap = 0; break; case WM_SIZE: { // More generally, you should use GetEffectiveClientRect // if you have a toolbar etc. RECT rect; GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect); MoveWindow(hwndview, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right-rect.left, rect.bottom-rect.top, TRUE); return 0; } case WM_SIZING: gapp.shrinkwrap = 0; break; case WM_NOTIFY: case WM_COMMAND: return SendMessage(hwndview, message, wParam, lParam); } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); } LRESULT CALLBACK viewproc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static int oldx = 0; static int oldy = 0; int x = (signed short) LOWORD(lParam); int y = (signed short) HIWORD(lParam); switch (message) { case WM_SIZE: if (wParam == SIZE_MINIMIZED) return 0; if (wParam == SIZE_MAXIMIZED) gapp.shrinkwrap = 0; pdfapp_onresize(&gapp, LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam)); break; /* Paint events are low priority and automagically catenated * so we don't need to do any fancy waiting to defer repainting. */ case WM_PAINT: { //puts("WM_PAINT"); PAINTSTRUCT ps; hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); winblit(); hdc = NULL; EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); return 0; } case WM_ERASEBKGND: return 1; // well, we don't need to erase to redraw cleanly /* Mouse events */ case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: SetFocus(hwndview); oldx = x; oldy = y; handlemouse(x, y, 1, 1); return 0; case WM_MBUTTONDOWN: SetFocus(hwndview); oldx = x; oldy = y; handlemouse(x, y, 2, 1); return 0; case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: SetFocus(hwndview); oldx = x; oldy = y; handlemouse(x, y, 3, 1); return 0; case WM_LBUTTONUP: oldx = x; oldy = y; handlemouse(x, y, 1, -1); return 0; case WM_MBUTTONUP: oldx = x; oldy = y; handlemouse(x, y, 2, -1); return 0; case WM_RBUTTONUP: oldx = x; oldy = y; handlemouse(x, y, 3, -1); return 0; case WM_MOUSEMOVE: oldx = x; oldy = y; handlemouse(x, y, 0, 0); return 0; /* Mouse wheel */ case WM_MOUSEWHEEL: if ((signed short)HIWORD(wParam) > 0) handlekey(LOWORD(wParam) & MK_SHIFT ? '+' : 'k'); else handlekey(LOWORD(wParam) & MK_SHIFT ? '-' : 'j'); return 0; /* Keyboard events */ case WM_KEYDOWN: /* only handle special keys */ switch (wParam) { case VK_F1: case VK_LEFT: case VK_UP: case VK_PRIOR: case VK_RIGHT: case VK_DOWN: case VK_NEXT: case VK_ESCAPE: handlekey(wParam + 256); handlemouse(oldx, oldy, 0, 0); /* update cursor */ return 0; } return 1; /* unicode encoded chars, including escape, backspace etc... */ case WM_CHAR: if (wParam < 256) { handlekey(wParam); handlemouse(oldx, oldy, 0, 0); /* update cursor */ } return 0; } fflush(stdout); /* Pass on unhandled events to Windows */ return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { int argc; LPWSTR *argv = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &argc); char argv0[256]; MSG msg; int fd; int code; fz_context *ctx; fz_accelerate(); ctx = fz_new_context(NULL, FZ_STORE_DEFAULT); if (!ctx) { fprintf(stderr, "cannot initialise context\n"); exit(1); } pdfapp_init(ctx, &gapp); GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, argv0, sizeof argv0); install_app(argv0); winopen(); if (argc == 2) { wcscpy(wbuf, argv[1]); } else { if (!winfilename(wbuf, nelem(wbuf))) exit(0); } fd = _wopen(wbuf, O_BINARY | O_RDONLY, 0666); if (fd < 0) winerror(&gapp, "cannot open file"); code = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, -1, filename, sizeof filename, NULL, NULL); if (code == 0) winerror(&gapp, "cannot convert filename to utf-8"); pdfapp_open(&gapp, filename, fd, 0); while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } pdfapp_close(&gapp); return 0; }