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authorTong Hui <tonghuix@gmail.com>2016-09-07 18:03:12 +0800
committerGitHub <noreply@github.com>2016-09-07 18:03:12 +0800
commite31966c79115604dfbad8f131be031e5fbc51845 (patch)
tree515633ca017413fa0d426af1f8a0c142ed20b0ef
parent18d0e2381bbc838e33b66307588b2afe8b3996f6 (diff)
parent4365c356bebb6818f298ed6b908f78ae20b2221e (diff)
downloadfsfs-zh-e31966c79115604dfbad8f131be031e5fbc51845.tar.xz
Merge pull request #62 from nadebula/section2
Section 2 Chapter 16 Swindle
-rw-r--r--docs/copyright-vs-community.md8
-rw-r--r--docs/danger-of-software-patents.md4
-rw-r--r--docs/right-to-read.md9
-rw-r--r--docs/why-call-it-the-swindle.md44
4 files changed, 44 insertions, 21 deletions
diff --git a/docs/copyright-vs-community.md b/docs/copyright-vs-community.md
index 8e488ca..47b5ce6 100644
--- a/docs/copyright-vs-community.md
+++ b/docs/copyright-vs-community.md
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ to verify what it’s really doing to them, and many proprietary programs
have malicious features which spy on the user, restrict the user, even
back doors to attack the user.
-私有软件使得用户陷入孤立无援的困境:所谓孤立,是由于用户被禁止分享;所谓无援,是由于用户不能拥有源代码,因此不能对其进行修改,他们甚至不能研究它以便确定它真正是在对他们做什么,而且众多私有软件拥有恶意功能用于刺探用户、限制用户、甚至为对用户的攻击提供后门。
+私有软件使得用户陷入孤立无援的困境:所谓孤立,是由于用户被禁止分享;所谓无援,是由于用户不能拥有源代码,因此不能对其进行修改,他们甚至不能研究它以便确定它真正是在对他们做什么,而且众多私有软件拥有恶意功能用于窥探用户、限制用户、甚至为对用户的攻击提供后门。
For instance, Microsoft Windows has a back door with which Microsoft can
forcibly install software changes, without getting permission from the
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ something incompatible with your own freedom. They are an enemy with
which no accommodation is possible, at least not with our present level
of knowledge.
-这是公众对于 DRM 的不满的一次大规模爆发。但这并未赢得这场战争,由于出版商更换了密钥。不仅如此,对于高清 DVD(HD DVD),这种方式足以破解其 DRM,但对于蓝光光盘(Blu-ray)则不行。蓝光光盘用有一个额外层级的 DRM,至今没有自由软件可以破解它,这意味着您必须将蓝光光盘看做某种与您自己的自由完全不兼容的东西。它们是您所不可能与之共存的敌人,至少对于我们当前的知识水平是如此。
+这是公众对于 DRM 的不满的一次大规模爆发。但这并未赢得这场战争,由于出版商更换了密钥。不仅如此,对于高清 DVD(HD DVD),这种方式足以破解其 DRM,但对于蓝光光盘(Blu-ray)则不行。蓝光光盘拥有一个额外层级的 DRM,至今没有自由软件可以破解它,这意味着您必须将蓝光光盘看做某种与您自己的自由完全不兼容的东西。它们是您所不可能与之共存的敌人,至少对于我们当前的知识水平是如此。
Never accept any product designed to attack your freedom. If you don’t
have the free software to play a DVD, you mustn’t buy or rent any DVDs,
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ to do to your books), and the Amazon Swindle, designed to swindle you
out of your traditional freedoms without your noticing. Of course, they
call it the Kindle which is what it’s going to do to your books.
-现在,它们终于来了。诸如索尼碎纸机(Shreader,它的官方名字是 reader,但是如果您加上 sh 两个字母,这就能很好地解释它是被设计用于对您的书做什么的了)和亚马逊诈骗(Swindle)这样的设备是被设计为用于在您毫无戒备的情况下骗走您的传统阅读自由的。当然,亚马逊将其称为 Kindle 恰如其分地解释了它将会对您的书做些什么。
+现在,它们终于来了。诸如索尼碎纸机(Shreader,它的官方名字是 reader,但是如果您加上 sh 两个字母,这就能很好地解释它是被设计用于对您的书做什么的了)和亚马逊诈骗(Swindle)这样的设备是被设计为用于在您毫无戒备的情况下骗走您的传统阅读自由的。当然,亚马逊将其称为 Kindle(焚烧)恰如其分地解释了它将会对您的书做些什么。
The Kindle is an extremely malicious product, almost as malicious as
Microsoft Windows. They both have spy features, they both have Digital
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ governments are doing in cahoots with big business to attack our
freedom, by making copyright harsher and nastier, more restrictive than
ever before.
-这是可能的,但是,真正推广电子书的大型出版公司如此做的目的都是侵犯我们的自由,这是我们无论如何不能容忍和支持的。这正是政府和大型出版企业正在合谋所做的事情,通过使得版权变得越来越严酷和龌龊,越来越觉有约束性来侵犯我们的自由。
+这是可能的,但是,真正推广电子书的大型出版公司如此做的目的都是侵犯我们的自由,这是我们无论如何不能容忍和支持的。这正是政府和大型出版企业正在合谋所做的事情,通过使得版权变得越来越严酷和龌龊,越来越具有约束性来侵犯我们的自由。
But what should they do? Governments should make copyright power less.
Here are my specific proposals.
diff --git a/docs/danger-of-software-patents.md b/docs/danger-of-software-patents.md
index ff4c11e..8934527 100644
--- a/docs/danger-of-software-patents.md
+++ b/docs/danger-of-software-patents.md
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ who wanted to make his business shut down. He sent me the patent. Claim
which each computer supports a multiplicity of games, and allows a
multiplicity of game sessions at the same time.”
-首先,专利持有者也许根本不会考虑给您一份授权许可,这完全取决于他的意志。他可以说:“我就是要逼你停业。”我曾经收到某人来信求助,此人的家族企业当时正在经营赌博游戏,当然是计算机上的,他被专利持有人威胁关闭他的整个企业。他将该项专利发送给我。其权利要求 1 是关于这样的东西:“一种拥有多台计算机的网络,其中每台计算机支持多种游戏,并且允许多个游戏会话在同时进行。”
+首先,专利持有者也许根本不会考虑给您一份授权许可,这完全取决于他的意志。他可以说:“我就是要逼你停业。”我曾经收到某人来信求助,此人的家族企业当时正在经营博彩游戏,当然是计算机上的,他被专利持有人威胁关闭他的整个企业。他将该项专利发送给我。其权利要求 1 是关于这样的东西:“一种拥有多台计算机的网络,其中每台计算机支持多种游戏,并且允许多个游戏会话在同时进行。”
Now, I’m sure in the 1980s there was a university that set up a room
with a network of workstations, and each workstation had some kind of
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ them—never mind that those people didn’t attack this company.
So if your employer says to you, “We need some patents to defend
ourselves, so help us get patents,” I recommend this response:
-于是,如果您的雇主对您说:“我们需要专利来保护自己,请你帮我们获得专利。”我建议您如此回复:
+于是,如果您的雇主对您说:“我们需要专利来保护自己,请你帮助我们获得专利。”我建议您如此回复:
> Boss, I trust you and I’m sure you would only use those patents to
> defend the company if it’s attacked. But I don’t know who’s going to
diff --git a/docs/right-to-read.md b/docs/right-to-read.md
index 730123f..4d75e54 100644
--- a/docs/right-to-read.md
+++ b/docs/right-to-read.md
@@ -172,9 +172,9 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan,而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终
- 本文据说应该是由其他人在未来撰写的一篇历史文章,描述了 Dan Halbert 在一种专制社会下的青年生活,这种专制社会是由那些将“盗版”作为宣传口号的敌人创立的。因此本文使用那种社会下的用语。我尝试从今天的视角呈现它,使其看起来更具压迫性。
- The following note has been updated several times since the first
- publication of the story.\
+ publication of the story.
-- 以下注记自本文初次发表之后经过数次更新。\
+- 以下注记自本文初次发表之后经过数次更新。
The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may
take 50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity,
@@ -200,8 +200,7 @@ Lissa 没有向 SPA 举报 Dan,而他关于帮助她的决定使得他们终
unpronounceable CBDTPA, which was glossed as the “Consume But Don’t
Try Programming Act.”
- 在 2001 年,由迪士尼赞助的参议员 Hollings 提出了一项称为“安全系统与标准认证法案”(SSSCA)的法律,其要求每台新计算机带有强制性的限制复制设备并且禁止用户绕过它。继 Clipper 芯片及类似的美国政府关于密钥保管的提案之后,这显示了一种长期趋势:计算机系统越来越倾向于赋予不在场者对该计算机系统的实际使用者进行有效控制的权力。SSSCA 随后更名为“消费者宽带和数字电视促进法案”(CBDTPA)这一不可拼读的名称,它被评注为“消
- 灭但不要尝试编程法案”(Consume But Don't Try Programming Act)。
+ 在 2001 年,由迪士尼赞助的参议员 Hollings 提出了一项称为“安全系统与标准认证法案”(SSSCA)的法律,其要求每台新计算机带有强制性的限制复制设备并且禁止用户绕过它。继 Clipper 芯片及类似的美国政府关于密钥保管的提案之后,这显示了一种长期趋势:计算机系统越来越倾向于赋予不在场者对该计算机系统的实际使用者进行有效控制的权力。SSSCA 随后更名为“消费者宽带和数字电视促进法案”(CBDTPA)这一不可拼读的名称,它被评注为“消灭但不要尝试编程法案”(Consume But Don't Try Programming Act)。
The Republicans took control of the US Senate shortly thereafter.
They are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not
@@ -325,7 +324,7 @@ include:
See “The Danger of E-Books” (@pageref{E-Books Danger}) for more
on this.
-- 今天的商业性电子书剥夺了读者的传统自由。参见(@pageref{E-Books Danger})的“电子书的威胁”一文以获得更多信息;
+- 今天的商业电子书剥夺了读者的传统自由。参见(@pageref{E-Books Danger})的“电子书的威胁”一文以获得更多信息;
- The publication of a “biology textbook” web site[(3)](#FOOT3) that
you can access only by signing a contract not to lend it to anyone
diff --git a/docs/why-call-it-the-swindle.md b/docs/why-call-it-the-swindle.md
index a3c2f3b..971d932 100644
--- a/docs/why-call-it-the-swindle.md
+++ b/docs/why-call-it-the-swindle.md
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ title: Untitled Document
1. Why Call It the Swindle? {#why-call-it-the-swindle .chapter}
===========================
+为何称之为诈骗(Swindle)?
+===========================
+
I go out of my way to call nasty things by names that criticize them. I
call Apple’s user-subjugating computers the “iThings,” and Amazon’s
abusive e-reader the “Swindle.” Sometimes I refer to Microsoft’s
@@ -19,9 +22,9 @@ my feelings and have fun. But this fun is more than personal; it serves
an important purpose. Mocking our enemies recruits the power of humor
into our cause.
-@firstcopyingnotice{{@footnoterule @smallskip Copyright © 2013 Richard
-Stallman\
- {This version of this essay is part of @fsfsthreecite}
+我有意地用具有批判性的名字来称呼龌龊的东西。我将苹果的迫使用户屈从于它们的计算机称为“iThings”,而将亚马逊的虐待读者的电子书阅读器称为“诈骗”(Swindle)。有时我将微软的操作系统称为“Losedows”,而将微软的第一款操作系统称为“MS-Dog”[(1)](#FOOT1)。当然,我如此做是为了表达自己的不满以及作为消遣。然而这种消遣并不是个人层面的,它服务于一项重要目的。通过嘲讽我们的敌人,我们可以将幽默的力量注入我们的事业。
+
+@firstcopyingnotice{{@footnoterule @smallskip 著作权所有 (C) 2013 Richard Stallman {此版本是@fsfsthreecite的一部分。}
Twisting a name is disrespectful. If we respected the makers of these
products, we would use the names that they chose…and that’s exactly the
@@ -32,6 +35,8 @@ them and even push them around: the trend is for products to get
nastier. These products deserve to be wiped out. Those with DRM ought to
be illegal.
+扭曲名字是一种不尊重对方的行为。如果我们尊重这些产品的制造商,我们将会使用它们所选定的名字……并且那将是恰如其分的。这些恶意的产品只配得到我们的鄙视而非我们的尊重。每一款私有软件迫使其用户屈从于某些实体的权力,但如今最常用的私有软件已经不限于窥探用户和限制用户,甚至是任意摆布用户:趋势是这些产品正在变得越来越龌龊。它们理应被消灭干净,其中带有数字限制管理(DRM)的产品应该被判定为非法。
+
When we mention them, we should show that we condemn them, and what
easier way than by twisting their names? If we don’t do that, it is all
too easy to mention them and fail to present the condemnation. When the
@@ -39,10 +44,14 @@ product comes up in the middle of some other topic, for instance,
explaining at greater length that the product is bad might seem like a
long digression.
+当我们谈论它们的时候,我们应当表达出我们对它们的谴责,那么,还有什么方式比扭曲它们的名字更容易呢?如果我们不如此做,就很可能在称呼它们的同时未能表达出我们的谴责。例如,当它们出现在某些其他话题之中时,下笔千言来解释它们为什么是坏的,就会显得离题万里。
+
To mention these products by name and fail to condemn them has the
effect of legitimizing them, which is the opposite of what they call
for.
+点名谈论这些产品但未能表达出我们的谴责,将会产生使其合法化的反效果,这是与它们所应得的谴责正好相反的。
+
Companies choose names for products as part of a marketing plan. They
choose names they think people will be likely to repeat, then invest
millions of dollars in marketing campaigns to make people repeat and
@@ -50,10 +59,14 @@ think about those names. Usually these marketing campaigns are intended
to convince people to admire the products based on their superficial
attractions and overlook the harm they do.
+商业公司将为其产品选择名字作为其市场计划的一部分。它们通常选择那些它们认为人们更倾向于重复的名字,然后在市场营销活动中投入数以百万计的资金以迫使人们重复并且思考这些名字。通常,这些营销活动的意图是促使人们基于其表面的诱人之处来崇拜这些产品,而忽视它们所造成的危害。
+
Every time we call these products by the names the companies use, we
contribute to their marketing campaigns. Repeating those names is active
support for the products; twisting them denies the products our support.
+每当我们用其制造商所使用的名字来称呼这些产品的时候,我们是在为它们的市场营销活动做贡献。重复这些名字是对其产品的积极支持;而扭曲它们的名字则是在拒绝给予这些产品支持。
+
Other terminology besides product names can raise a similar issue. For
instance, DRM refers to building technology products to restrict their
users for the benefit of someone else. This inexcusable practice
@@ -63,22 +76,32 @@ view: “Digital Rights Management.” This name is the basis of a public
relations campaign that aims to win support from entities ranging from
governments to the W3C.[(2)](#FOOT2)
+除了产品名称以外,其他术语也能带来类似的问题。例如,数字限制管理(DRM)指的是为了某些其他人的利益而制造技术产品以限制用户。这种不可原谅的行径只配得到我们的怒火,直到我们将其彻底消灭。很自然地,那些应该为此受到谴责的人们基于他们看待此问题的立场为它起了这样一个名字:数字版权管理。这个名字是一场致力于赢得从各级政府到万维网联盟(W3C)的各种实体的支持的公共关系运动的基础。[(2)](#FOOT2)
+
To use their term is to take their side. If that’s not the side you’re
on, why give it your implicit support?
+使用它们的称谓就是支持他们的立场。但如果那不是您的立场,为什么要给予它们默许的支持呢?
+
We take the users’ side, and from the users’ point of view, what these
malfeatures manage are not rights but restrictions. So we call them
“Digital Restrictions Management.”
+我们站在用户的立场上,并且从用户的观点出发,那些恶意功能所管理的不是权利而是限制,因此我们称之为“数字限制管理”。
+
Neither of those terms is neutral: choose a term, and you choose a side.
Please choose the users’ side and please let it show.
+这两种称谓都不是中立的:在从中选择一种称谓的同时,您选择了一种立场。请您选择用户的立场并且将其发扬光大。
+
Once, a man in the audience at my speech claimed that the name “Digital
Rights Management” was the official name of “DRM,” the only possible
correct name, because it was the first name. He argued that as a
consequence it was wrong for us to say “Digital Restrictions
Management.”
+有一次,我的演讲听众中的某人宣称“数字版权管理”才是 DRM 的官方名称并且是唯一可能的正确名称,由于这是它的第一个名字。此人争论以此出发,我们称之为“数字限制管理”是错误的。
+
Those who make a product or carry out a business practice typically
choose a name for it before we even know it exists. If their temporal
precedence obligated us to use their name, they would have an additional
@@ -86,6 +109,8 @@ automatic advantage, on top of their money, their media influence and
their technological position. We would have to fight them with our
mouths tied behind our backs.
+制造产品或者从事商业行为的实体通常会在我们尚未获知其存在的时候就为其选定了一个名字。如果它们的暂时优势地位迫使我们使用它们所起的名字,它们就将在无形之中获得额外的优势,这是基于它们的资金、媒体影响力以及技术地位。我们将会不得不言不由衷地对抗它们。
+
Some people feel a distaste for twisting names and say it sounds
“juvenile” or “unprofessional.” What they mean is, it doesn’t sound
humorless and stodgy—and that’s a good thing, because we would not have
@@ -94,6 +119,8 @@ oppression is far more serious than professional work, so we’ve got to
add comic relief. It calls for real maturity, which includes some
childishness, not “acting like an adult.”
+有人不喜欢扭曲名字的方式并且认为这是“幼稚”或者“不专业”的。他们的意思是,这听起来并不显得古板而缺乏幽默——后者是一件好事,由于在我们的立场上,如果我们试图表现得“专业”,就不能拥有欢乐。反抗压迫远比从事专业工作更加严肃,因此我们必须要有一些诙谐的放松。这需要真正的成熟,这里包括一些童稚,而非仅仅是“表现得像个成年人”。
+
If you don’t like our choice of name parodies, you can invent your own.
The more, the merrier. Of course, there are other ways to express
condemnation. If you want to sound “professional,” you can show it in
@@ -103,6 +130,8 @@ does not this lead you to skimp; don’t let the pressure against such
“digression” push you into insufficiently criticizing the nasty things
you mention, because that would have the effect of legitimizing them.
+如果您不赞同我们所选定的带有讽刺意味的谐音或形近单词,您可以创造您自己所喜好的名字,越多越欢乐。当然,还有其他方式以表达谴责。如果您想要表现得“专业”,您可以采用其他方式将其呈现。它们能够表达您的用意,但需要更多时间和努力,特别是当您不想使用嘲讽的手法时。注意到这一点,您的谴责才不会有所欠缺;不要让关于反对这种“题外话”的压力迫使您未能对您所提到的那些龌龊的东西进行足够的批判,由于这将会起到使其合法化的反效果。
+
<div class="footnote">
------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -111,16 +140,11 @@ you mention, because that would have the effect of legitimizing them.
### [(1)](#DOCF1)
-@raggedright Take action against iThings, at
-[u.fsf.org/ithings](u.fsf.org/ithings), against the Swindle, at
-[u.fsf.org/swindle](u.fsf.org/swindle) and
-[u.fsf.org/ebookslist](u.fsf.org/ebookslist), and against Windows, at
-[upgradefromwindows.org](upgradefromwindows.org). @end raggedright
+@raggedright 采取行动反对 iThings,位于[u.fsf.org/ithings](u.fsf.org/ithings);反对亚马逊诈骗(Swindle)位于[u.fsf.org/swindle](u.fsf.org/swindle)和[u.fsf.org/ebookslist](u.fsf.org/ebookslist);以及反对 Windows,位于[upgradefromwindows.org](upgradefromwindows.org)。@end raggedright
### [(2)](#DOCF2)
-@raggedright See <https://u.fsf.org/drm> for more on DRM. @end
-raggedright
+@raggedright 参见 <https://u.fsf.org/drm> 以获得关于数字限制管理(DRM)的更多信息。@end raggedright
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