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authorpersmule <persmule@gmail.com>2016-09-22 00:22:45 +0800
committerpersmule <persmule@gmail.com>2016-09-22 00:22:45 +0800
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@@ -1,19 +1,8 @@
-1. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Operating System {#the-initial-announcement-of-the-gnuoperatingsystem .chapter}
-=======================================================
-
1. GNU 操作系统的初始公告
========
-This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by Richard
-Stallman on 27 September 1983.
-
这是 GNU 工程的原始通告,由理查德·斯托曼(Richard Stallman)于 1983 年 9 月 27 日发表。
-The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from this
-initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January 1984.
-Several of the philosophical concepts of free software were not
-clarified until a few years later.
-
纵观历史,可以发现 GNU 工程在很多地方都与这份初始通告有很多差异。比如实际是拖延到了 1984 年 1 月才开始。而自由软件的很多哲学理念也是数年之后才得以厘清。
@@ -25,44 +14,15 @@ From mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ
Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST
Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA
-Free Unix!
-
自由的 Unix!
-Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete
-Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu’s Not Unix), and
-give it away free[(1)](#FOOT1) to everyone who can use it. Contributions
-of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed.
-
今年的感恩节我要去写一个完整的类 UNIX 软件系统,命名为 GNU (Gnu's Not Unix),并以
自由[^1]的方式开放给所有人使用。非常欢迎大家贡献时间、金钱、程序和设备来参与其中。
-To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to
-write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, assembler,
-and a few other things. After this we will add a text formatter, a YACC,
-an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other things. We hope to
-supply, eventually, everything useful that normally comes with a Unix
-system, and anything else useful, including on-line and hardcopy
-documentation.
-
首先,GNU 将是一个内核加上编写和运行 C 程序所需的所有工具:编辑器,外壳,C 语言编译器,链
接器,汇编器,以及一些其他的东西。在此之后,我们将添加一个文本排版工具,一个 YACC,一个
-帝国的游戏,电子表格,以及数百种其他的东西。我们希望最终可以提供一个与普通 UNIX 系统
-一样有用的,并包括一份在线的和印刷版的文档。
-
-@firstcopyingnotice{{@footnoterule Copyright © 1983 Richard Stallman\
- {This announcement is part of @fsfsthreecite}
-
-GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to
-Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our
-experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to have
-longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system,
-filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and
-eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp
-programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C and Lisp
-will be available as system programming languages. We will have network
-software based on MIT’s chaosnet protocol, far superior to UUCP. We may
-also have something compatible with UUCP.
+帝国的游戏,电子表格,以及数百种其他的东西。我们希望最终可以提供一切一般和 UNIX 系统
+一起出现的有用的东西,并包括一份在线的和印刷版的文档。
GNU 可以运行 UNIX 程序,但不会与 UNIX 完全相同。我们会基于在其他系统上的经验完善之
以使其更舒适。特别的,我们计划使用更长的文件名,文件版本号,抗崩溃的文件系统,可能还有
@@ -70,56 +30,25 @@ GNU 可以运行 UNIX 程序,但不会与 UNIX 完全相同。我们会基于
Unix 程序都可以共享同一个屏幕。C 语言和 Lisp 都可以作为系统编程语言。还会有基于 MIT 的
chaosnet 协议的网络软件,会远远优于 UUCP。我们还会有某些东西来兼容 UUCP。
-Who Am I?
-
我是谁?
-I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS
-editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked
-extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the
-Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating system. I
-pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In addition I
-have implemented one crashproof file system and two window systems for
-Lisp machines.
-
我是理查德·斯托曼,备受模仿的原版 EMACS 编辑器的发明者,现在供职于 MIT(麻省理工大学)的
人工智能实验室。我广泛从事过编辑器、编译器、调试器、命令解释器、不兼容分时系统、
Lisp 机器操作系统。我率先在终端独立显示支持ITS。此外我还实现了一个坚固的文件系统和两个
Lisp 机器的窗口系统。
-Why I Must Write GNU
-
我为什么必须写 GNU
-I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I must
-share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good conscience sign
-a nondisclosure agreement or a software license agreement.
-
我信奉的一条金科玉律就是如果我喜欢一个程序,那么我必须与其他人一起分享。我不能凭良心签
署保密协议或软件许可协议。
-So that I can continue to use computers without violating my principles,
-I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so
-that I will be able to get along without any software that is not free.
-
因此我不能继续使用那些破坏我原则的电脑,因此我决定将所有自由软件组合在一起,这样我就
可以不使用任何不自由的软件了。
-How You Can Contribute
-
如何贡献其中
-I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money.
-I’m asking individuals for donations of programs and work.
-
我正在向计算机厂商索要捐献一些机器和金钱。还向一些个体索要程序和作品。
-One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine. But
-we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you donate machines
-is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The machine had better be
-able to operate in a residential area, and not require sophisticated
-cooling or power.
-
其中一家厂商已经提供了我一台机器。但我们可以用更多。如果你能捐助更多机器,那么 GNU
将会更早地在上面运行。机器最好能够在一个住宅区内进行操作,并且不需要复杂的冷却或供电。
@@ -132,23 +61,15 @@ interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each
contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work with the
rest of GNU.
-独立程序员可以写一些 Unix 组件并将其贡献给我。对大多数项目而言,如此大规模的分布式项
+独立程序员可以写一些 Unix 工具的兼容复制品并将其贡献给我。对大多数项目而言,如此大规模的分布式项
目通过兼职很难协作,独立完成的部分可能很难组合在一起。然而对替换 Unix 的任务而言,
这个问题并不存在。大多数接口规格已经通过 Unix 兼容固定下来了。如果每个贡献者的作品都可
以和 Unix 的剩余部分工作在一起,那么多半一样可以和 GNU 的剩余部分一起工作。
-If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or
-part time. The salary won’t be high, but I’m looking for people for whom
-knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I view this
-as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to
-working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way.
-
如果我获得了捐助的金钱,我可能需要聘用一些人全职或者兼职工作。薪水可能不高,但是我希望
能找到这样的人,对他们而言认识到自己工作是帮助人类和赚钱一样重要。我将其看作一种让有
献身精神的人们无需按它法谋生,而将他们的全部精力投入到 GNU 的工作上的途径。
-For more information, contact me.
-
联系我以获取更多资讯。
Arpanet 邮件:
@@ -166,11 +87,5 @@ Usenet:
### [(1)](#DOCF1)
-@raggedright The wording here was careless. The intention was that
-nobody would have to pay for *permission* to use the GNU system. But the
-words don’t make this clear, and people often interpret them as saying
-that copies of GNU should always be distributed at little or no charge.
-That was never the intent. @end raggedright
-
[^1]:这里用词没有注意,初衷是想说没有人需要为使用 GNU 系统而索要*授权*。然而这个词没有说的很清晰,结果人们经常以为获取 GNU 的副本需要很少或者免费。而这从来都是不是目的。