config: Add a mem-type config option to se/fs scripts

This patch enables selection of the memory controller class through a
mem-type command-line option. Behind the scenes, this option is
treated much like the cpu-type, and a similar framework is used to
resolve the valid options, and translate the short-hand description to
a valid class.

The regression scripts are updated with a hardcoded memory class for
the moment. The best solution going forward is probably to get the
memory out of the makeSystem functions, but Ruby complicates things as
it does not connect the memory controller to the membus.

--HG--
rename : configs/common/CpuConfig.py => configs/common/MemConfig.py

11 files changed, 206 insertions, 39 deletions

diff --git a/configs/common/FSConfig.py b/configs/common/FSConfig.py
index 3a7a50839..0d46dcde2 100644
--- a/configs/common/FSConfig.py
+++ b/configs/common/FSConfig.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class MemBus(CoherentBus):
     default = Self.badaddr_responder.pio
 
 
-def makeLinuxAlphaSystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
+def makeLinuxAlphaSystem(mem_mode, MemClass, mdesc = None):
     IO_address_space_base = 0x80000000000
     class BaseTsunami(Tsunami):
         ethernet = NSGigE(pci_bus=0, pci_dev=1, pci_func=0)
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def makeLinuxAlphaSystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
     # base address (including the PCI config space)
     self.bridge = Bridge(delay='50ns',
                          ranges = [AddrRange(IO_address_space_base, Addr.max)])
-    self.physmem = SimpleDDR3(range = AddrRange(mdesc.mem()))
+    self.physmem = MemClass(range = AddrRange(mdesc.mem()))
     self.mem_ranges = [self.physmem.range]
     self.bridge.master = self.iobus.slave
     self.bridge.slave = self.membus.master
@@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ def makeLinuxAlphaSystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
 
     return self
 
-def makeLinuxAlphaRubySystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
+def makeLinuxAlphaRubySystem(mem_mode, MemClass, mdesc = None):
     class BaseTsunami(Tsunami):
         ethernet = NSGigE(pci_bus=0, pci_dev=1, pci_func=0)
         ide = IdeController(disks=[Parent.disk0, Parent.disk2],
                             pci_func=0, pci_dev=0, pci_bus=0)
         
-    physmem = SimpleDDR3(range = AddrRange(mdesc.mem()))
+    physmem = MemClass(range = AddrRange(mdesc.mem()))
     self = LinuxAlphaSystem(physmem = physmem)
     self.mem_ranges = [self.physmem.range]
     if not mdesc:
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def makeLinuxAlphaRubySystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
 
     return self
 
-def makeSparcSystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
+def makeSparcSystem(mem_mode, MemClass, mdesc = None):
     # Constants from iob.cc and uart8250.cc
     iob_man_addr = 0x9800000000
     uart_pio_size = 8
@@ -180,10 +180,10 @@ def makeSparcSystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
     self.t1000 = T1000()
     self.t1000.attachOnChipIO(self.membus)
     self.t1000.attachIO(self.iobus)
-    self.physmem = SimpleDDR3(range = AddrRange(Addr('1MB'), size = '64MB'),
-                              zero = True)
-    self.physmem2 = SimpleDDR3(range = AddrRange(Addr('2GB'), size ='256MB'),
-                               zero = True)
+    self.physmem = MemClass(range = AddrRange(Addr('1MB'), size = '64MB'),
+                            zero = True)
+    self.physmem2 = MemClass(range = AddrRange(Addr('2GB'), size ='256MB'),
+                             zero = True)
     self.mem_ranges = [self.physmem.range, self.physmem2.range]
     self.bridge.master = self.iobus.slave
     self.bridge.slave = self.membus.master
@@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ def makeSparcSystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
 
     return self
 
-def makeArmSystem(mem_mode, machine_type, mdesc = None, dtb_filename = None,
-                  bare_metal=False):
+def makeArmSystem(mem_mode, machine_type, MemClass, mdesc = None,
+                  dtb_filename = None, bare_metal=False):
     assert machine_type
 
     if bare_metal:
@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ def makeArmSystem(mem_mode, machine_type, mdesc = None, dtb_filename = None,
     if bare_metal:
         # EOT character on UART will end the simulation
         self.realview.uart.end_on_eot = True
-        self.physmem = SimpleDDR3(range = AddrRange(Addr(mdesc.mem())),
-                                  zero = True)
+        self.physmem = MemClass(range = AddrRange(Addr(mdesc.mem())),
+                                zero = True)
         self.mem_ranges = [self.physmem.range]
     else:
         self.kernel = binary('vmlinux.arm.smp.fb.2.6.38.8')
@@ -292,10 +292,9 @@ def makeArmSystem(mem_mode, machine_type, mdesc = None, dtb_filename = None,
         boot_flags = 'earlyprintk console=ttyAMA0 lpj=19988480 norandmaps ' + \
                      'rw loglevel=8 mem=%s root=/dev/sda1' % mdesc.mem()
 
-        self.physmem = SimpleDDR3(range =
-                                  AddrRange(self.realview.mem_start_addr,
-                                            size = mdesc.mem()),
-                                  conf_table_reported = True)
+        self.physmem = MemClass(range = AddrRange(self.realview.mem_start_addr,
+                                                  size = mdesc.mem()),
+                                conf_table_reported = True)
         self.mem_ranges = [self.physmem.range]
         self.realview.setupBootLoader(self.membus, self, binary)
         self.gic_cpu_addr = self.realview.gic.cpu_addr
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ def makeArmSystem(mem_mode, machine_type, mdesc = None, dtb_filename = None,
     return self
 
 
-def makeLinuxMipsSystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
+def makeLinuxMipsSystem(mem_mode, MemClass, mdesc = None):
     class BaseMalta(Malta):
         ethernet = NSGigE(pci_bus=0, pci_dev=1, pci_func=0)
         ide = IdeController(disks=[Parent.disk0, Parent.disk2],
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ def makeLinuxMipsSystem(mem_mode, mdesc = None):
     self.iobus = NoncoherentBus()
     self.membus = MemBus()
     self.bridge = Bridge(delay='50ns')
-    self.physmem = SimpleDDR3(range = AddrRange('1GB'))
+    self.physmem = MemClass(range = AddrRange('1GB'))
     self.mem_ranges = [self.physmem.range]
     self.bridge.master = self.iobus.slave
     self.bridge.slave = self.membus.master
@@ -425,7 +424,8 @@ def connectX86RubySystem(x86_sys):
     x86_sys.pc.attachIO(x86_sys.piobus, x86_sys._dma_ports)
 
 
-def makeX86System(mem_mode, numCPUs = 1, mdesc = None, self = None, Ruby = False):
+def makeX86System(mem_mode, MemClass, numCPUs = 1, mdesc = None, self = None,
+                  Ruby = False):
     if self == None:
         self = X86System()
 
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ def makeX86System(mem_mode, numCPUs = 1, mdesc = None, self = None, Ruby = False
     self.mem_mode = mem_mode
 
     # Physical memory
-    self.physmem = SimpleDDR3(range = AddrRange(mdesc.mem()))
+    self.physmem = MemClass(range = AddrRange(mdesc.mem()))
     self.mem_ranges = [self.physmem.range]
 
     # Platform
@@ -521,11 +521,12 @@ def makeX86System(mem_mode, numCPUs = 1, mdesc = None, self = None, Ruby = False
     self.intel_mp_table.base_entries = base_entries
     self.intel_mp_table.ext_entries = ext_entries
 
-def makeLinuxX86System(mem_mode, numCPUs = 1, mdesc = None, Ruby = False):
+def makeLinuxX86System(mem_mode, MemClass, numCPUs = 1, mdesc = None,
+                       Ruby = False):
     self = LinuxX86System()
 
     # Build up the x86 system and then specialize it for Linux
-    makeX86System(mem_mode, numCPUs, mdesc, self, Ruby)
+    makeX86System(mem_mode, MemClass, numCPUs, mdesc, self, Ruby)
 
     # We assume below that there's at least 1MB of memory. We'll require 2
     # just to avoid corner cases.
diff --git a/configs/common/MemConfig.py b/configs/common/MemConfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e772c3ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/configs/common/MemConfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013 ARM Limited
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# The license below extends only to copyright in the software and shall
+# not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual
+# property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
+# to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
+# licensed hereunder.  You may use the software subject to the license
+# terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated
+# unmodified and in its entirety in all distributions of the software,
+# modified or unmodified, in source code or in binary form.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
+# redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
+# neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# Authors: Andreas Sandberg
+#          Andreas Hansson
+
+import m5.objects
+import inspect
+import sys
+from textwrap import  TextWrapper
+
+# Dictionary of mapping names of real memory controller models to
+# classes.
+_mem_classes = {}
+
+# Memory aliases. We make sure they exist before we add them to the
+# fina; list. A target may be specified as a tuple, in which case the
+# first available memory controller model in the tuple will be used.
+_mem_aliases_all = [
+    ("simple_mem", "SimpleMemory"),
+    ("ddr3-1600", "SimpleDDR3"),
+    ("lpddr2_s4-1066", "SimpleLPDDR2_S4"),
+    ("wio-200", "SimpleWideIO"),
+    ]
+
+# Filtered list of aliases. Only aliases for existing memory
+# controllers exist in this list.
+_mem_aliases = {}
+
+
+def is_mem_class(cls):
+    """Determine if a class is a memory controller that can be instantiated"""
+
+    # We can't use the normal inspect.isclass because the ParamFactory
+    # and ProxyFactory classes have a tendency to confuse it.
+    try:
+        return issubclass(cls, m5.objects.AbstractMemory) and \
+            not cls.abstract
+    except TypeError:
+        return False
+
+def get(name):
+    """Get a memory class from a user provided class name or alias."""
+
+    real_name = _mem_aliases.get(name, name)
+
+    try:
+        mem_class = _mem_classes[real_name]
+        return mem_class
+    except KeyError:
+        print "%s is not a valid memory controller." % (name,)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+def print_mem_list():
+    """Print a list of available memory classes including their aliases."""
+
+    print "Available memory classes:"
+    doc_wrapper = TextWrapper(initial_indent="\t\t", subsequent_indent="\t\t")
+    for name, cls in _mem_classes.items():
+        print "\t%s" % name
+
+        # Try to extract the class documentation from the class help
+        # string.
+        doc = inspect.getdoc(cls)
+        if doc:
+            for line in doc_wrapper.wrap(doc):
+                print line
+
+    if _mem_aliases:
+        print "\nMemory aliases:"
+        for alias, target in _mem_aliases.items():
+            print "\t%s => %s" % (alias, target)
+
+def mem_names():
+    """Return a list of valid memory names."""
+    return _mem_classes.keys() + _mem_aliases.keys()
+
+# Add all memory controllers in the object hierarchy.
+for name, cls in inspect.getmembers(m5.objects, is_mem_class):
+    _mem_classes[name] = cls
+
+for alias, target in _mem_aliases_all:
+    if isinstance(target, tuple):
+        # Some aliases contain a list of memory controller models
+        # sorted in priority order. Use the first target that's
+        # available.
+        for t in target:
+            if t in _mem_classes:
+                _mem_aliases[alias] = t
+                break
+    elif target in _mem_classes:
+        # Normal alias
+        _mem_aliases[alias] = target
diff --git a/configs/common/Options.py b/configs/common/Options.py
index 474da94f4..e651e96ec 100644
--- a/configs/common/Options.py
+++ b/configs/common/Options.py
@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013 ARM Limited
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# The license below extends only to copyright in the software and shall
+# not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual
+# property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
+# to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
+# licensed hereunder.  You may use the software subject to the license
+# terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated
+# unmodified and in its entirety in all distributions of the software,
+# modified or unmodified, in source code or in binary form.
+#
 # Copyright (c) 2006-2008 The Regents of The University of Michigan
 # All rights reserved.
 #
@@ -32,11 +44,16 @@ from m5.objects import *
 from Benchmarks import *
 
 import CpuConfig
+import MemConfig
 
 def _listCpuTypes(option, opt, value, parser):
     CpuConfig.print_cpu_list()
     sys.exit(0)
 
+def _listMemTypes(option, opt, value, parser):
+    MemConfig.print_mem_list()
+    sys.exit(0)
+
 def addCommonOptions(parser):
     # system options
     parser.add_option("--list-cpu-types",
@@ -45,6 +62,12 @@ def addCommonOptions(parser):
     parser.add_option("--cpu-type", type="choice", default="atomic",
                       choices=CpuConfig.cpu_names(),
                       help = "type of cpu to run with")
+    parser.add_option("--list-mem-types",
+                      action="callback", callback=_listMemTypes,
+                      help="List available memory types")
+    parser.add_option("--mem-type", type="choice", default="simple_mem",
+                      choices=MemConfig.mem_names(),
+                      help = "type of memory to use")
     parser.add_option("--checker", action="store_true");
     parser.add_option("-n", "--num-cpus", type="int", default=1)
     parser.add_option("--caches", action="store_true")
diff --git a/configs/common/Simulation.py b/configs/common/Simulation.py
index cecf030ad..27b1a510a 100644
--- a/configs/common/Simulation.py
+++ b/configs/common/Simulation.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ from os import getcwd
 from os.path import join as joinpath
 
 import CpuConfig
+import MemConfig
 
 import m5
 from m5.defines import buildEnv
@@ -84,6 +85,11 @@ def setCPUClass(options):
 
     return (TmpClass, test_mem_mode, CPUClass)
 
+def setMemClass(options):
+    """Returns a memory controller class."""
+
+    return MemConfig.get(options.mem_type)
+
 def setWorkCountOptions(system, options):
     if options.work_item_id != None:
         system.work_item_id = options.work_item_id
diff --git a/configs/example/fs.py b/configs/example/fs.py
index 1f8e2d3a7..4fedf12db 100644
--- a/configs/example/fs.py
+++ b/configs/example/fs.py
@@ -84,6 +84,11 @@ def is_kvm_cpu(cpu_class):
 TestCPUClass.clock = options.clock
 DriveCPUClass.clock = options.clock
 
+# Match the memories with the CPUs, the driver system always simple,
+# and based on the options for the test system
+DriveMemClass = SimpleMemory
+TestMemClass = Simulation.setMemClass(options)
+
 if options.benchmark:
     try:
         bm = Benchmarks[options.benchmark]
@@ -100,16 +105,18 @@ else:
 np = options.num_cpus
 
 if buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == "alpha":
-    test_sys = makeLinuxAlphaSystem(test_mem_mode, bm[0])
+    test_sys = makeLinuxAlphaSystem(test_mem_mode, TestMemClass, bm[0])
 elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == "mips":
-    test_sys = makeLinuxMipsSystem(test_mem_mode, bm[0])
+    test_sys = makeLinuxMipsSystem(test_mem_mode, TestMemClass, bm[0])
 elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == "sparc":
-    test_sys = makeSparcSystem(test_mem_mode, bm[0])
+    test_sys = makeSparcSystem(test_mem_mode, TestMemClass, bm[0])
 elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == "x86":
-    test_sys = makeLinuxX86System(test_mem_mode, options.num_cpus, bm[0])
+    test_sys = makeLinuxX86System(test_mem_mode, TestMemClass,
+                                  options.num_cpus, bm[0])
 elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == "arm":
-    test_sys = makeArmSystem(test_mem_mode, options.machine_type, bm[0],
-            options.dtb_filename, bare_metal=options.bare_metal)
+    test_sys = makeArmSystem(test_mem_mode, options.machine_type,
+                             TestMemClass, bm[0], options.dtb_filename,
+                             bare_metal=options.bare_metal)
 else:
     fatal("Incapable of building %s full system!", buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'])
 
@@ -154,15 +161,16 @@ CacheConfig.config_cache(options, test_sys)
 
 if len(bm) == 2:
     if buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == 'alpha':
-        drive_sys = makeLinuxAlphaSystem(drive_mem_mode, bm[1])
+        drive_sys = makeLinuxAlphaSystem(drive_mem_mode, DriveMemClass, bm[1])
     elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == 'mips':
-        drive_sys = makeLinuxMipsSystem(drive_mem_mode, bm[1])
+        drive_sys = makeLinuxMipsSystem(drive_mem_mode, DriveMemClass, bm[1])
     elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == 'sparc':
-        drive_sys = makeSparcSystem(drive_mem_mode, bm[1])
+        drive_sys = makeSparcSystem(drive_mem_mode, DriveMemClass, bm[1])
     elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == 'x86':
-        drive_sys = makeX86System(drive_mem_mode, np, bm[1])
+        drive_sys = makeX86System(drive_mem_mode, DriveMemClass, np, bm[1])
     elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == 'arm':
-        drive_sys = makeArmSystem(drive_mem_mode, options.machine_type, bm[1])
+        drive_sys = makeArmSystem(drive_mem_mode, options.machine_type,
+                                  DriveMemClass, bm[1])
 
     drive_sys.cpu = DriveCPUClass(cpu_id=0)
     drive_sys.cpu.createThreads()
diff --git a/configs/example/se.py b/configs/example/se.py
index a5f0204fd..6878742c8 100644
--- a/configs/example/se.py
+++ b/configs/example/se.py
@@ -150,13 +150,15 @@ else:
 CPUClass.clock = options.clock
 CPUClass.numThreads = numThreads
 
+MemClass = Simulation.setMemClass(options)
+
 # Check -- do not allow SMT with multiple CPUs
 if options.smt and options.num_cpus > 1:
     fatal("You cannot use SMT with multiple CPUs!")
 
 np = options.num_cpus
 system = System(cpu = [CPUClass(cpu_id=i) for i in xrange(np)],
-                physmem = SimpleMemory(range=AddrRange("512MB")),
+                physmem = MemClass(range=AddrRange("512MB")),
                 membus = CoherentBus(), mem_mode = test_mem_mode)
 
 # Sanity check
diff --git a/tests/configs/alpha_generic.py b/tests/configs/alpha_generic.py
index a4ebba54d..5060eae39 100644
--- a/tests/configs/alpha_generic.py
+++ b/tests/configs/alpha_generic.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class LinuxAlphaSystemBuilder(object):
         pass
 
     def create_system(self):
-        system = FSConfig.makeLinuxAlphaSystem(self.mem_mode)
+        system = FSConfig.makeLinuxAlphaSystem(self.mem_mode, SimpleDDR3)
         self.init_system(system)
         return system
 
diff --git a/tests/configs/arm_generic.py b/tests/configs/arm_generic.py
index 1b0e8ee8b..e6c56041b 100644
--- a/tests/configs/arm_generic.py
+++ b/tests/configs/arm_generic.py
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ class LinuxArmSystemBuilder(object):
     def create_system(self):
         system = FSConfig.makeArmSystem(self.mem_mode,
                                         self.machine_type,
+                                        SimpleDDR3,
                                         None, False)
 
         # We typically want the simulator to panic if the kernel
diff --git a/tests/configs/pc-simple-timing-ruby.py b/tests/configs/pc-simple-timing-ruby.py
index 23a0bb3d0..6413133c2 100644
--- a/tests/configs/pc-simple-timing-ruby.py
+++ b/tests/configs/pc-simple-timing-ruby.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ options.num_cpus = 2
 
 #the system
 mdesc = SysConfig(disk = 'linux-x86.img')
-system = FSConfig.makeLinuxX86System('timing', options.num_cpus,
+system = FSConfig.makeLinuxX86System('timing', SimpleDDR3, options.num_cpus,
                                      mdesc=mdesc, Ruby=True)
 system.kernel = FSConfig.binary('x86_64-vmlinux-2.6.22.9.smp')
 system.cpu = [TimingSimpleCPU(cpu_id=i) for i in xrange(options.num_cpus)]
diff --git a/tests/configs/twosys-tsunami-simple-atomic.py b/tests/configs/twosys-tsunami-simple-atomic.py
index dbfcaaafe..89d497008 100644
--- a/tests/configs/twosys-tsunami-simple-atomic.py
+++ b/tests/configs/twosys-tsunami-simple-atomic.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ m5.util.addToPath('../configs/common')
 from FSConfig import *
 from Benchmarks import *
 
-test_sys = makeLinuxAlphaSystem('atomic',
+test_sys = makeLinuxAlphaSystem('atomic', SimpleDDR3,
                                  SysConfig('netperf-stream-client.rcS'))
 test_sys.cpu = AtomicSimpleCPU(cpu_id=0)
 # create the interrupt controller
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test_sys.iobridge = Bridge(delay='50ns', ranges = test_sys.mem_ranges)
 test_sys.iobridge.slave = test_sys.iobus.master
 test_sys.iobridge.master = test_sys.membus.slave
 
-drive_sys = makeLinuxAlphaSystem('atomic',
+drive_sys = makeLinuxAlphaSystem('atomic', SimpleDDR3,
                                  SysConfig('netperf-server.rcS'))
 drive_sys.cpu = AtomicSimpleCPU(cpu_id=0)
 # create the interrupt controller
diff --git a/tests/configs/x86_generic.py b/tests/configs/x86_generic.py
index b9f8f7122..e9e7bff63 100644
--- a/tests/configs/x86_generic.py
+++ b/tests/configs/x86_generic.py
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ class LinuxX86SystemBuilder(object):
     def create_system(self):
         mdesc = SysConfig(disk = 'linux-x86.img')
         system = FSConfig.makeLinuxX86System(self.mem_mode,
+                                             SimpleDDR3,
                                              numCPUs=self.num_cpus,
                                              mdesc=mdesc)
         system.kernel = FSConfig.binary('x86_64-vmlinux-2.6.22.9')