Merge zizzer.eecs.umich.edu:/bk/m5/

into zamp.eecs.umich.edu:/z/ktlim2/m5

--HG--
extra : convert_revision : c8b7f46e9d0dbff2a12a7375d361098fba352647

1 files changed, 1239 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sim/pyconfig/m5config.py b/sim/pyconfig/m5config.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e2a377b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sim/pyconfig/m5config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1239 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2004 The Regents of The University of Michigan
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
+# redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
+# neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+from __future__ import generators
+import os, re, sys, types
+
+env = {}
+env.update(os.environ)
+def defined(key):
+    return env.has_key(key)
+
+def define(key, value = True):
+    env[key] = value
+
+def panic(*args, **kwargs):
+    sys.exit(*args, **kwargs)
+
+def AddToPath(path):
+    path = os.path.realpath(path)
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        sys.path.append(path)
+
+def Import(path):
+    AddToPath(os.path.dirname(path))
+    exec('from m5config import *')
+    mpy_exec(file(path, 'r'))
+
+def issequence(value):
+    return isinstance(value, tuple) or isinstance(value, list)
+
+class Singleton(type):
+    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        if hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
+            return cls._instance
+
+        cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
+        return cls._instance
+
+if os.environ.has_key('FULL_SYSTEM'):
+    FULL_SYSTEM = True
+
+#####################################################################
+#
+# M5 Python Configuration Utility
+#
+# The basic idea is to write simple Python programs that build Python
+# objects corresponding to M5 SimObjects for the deisred simulation
+# configuration.  For now, the Python emits a .ini file that can be
+# parsed by M5.  In the future, some tighter integration between M5
+# and the Python interpreter may allow bypassing the .ini file.
+#
+# Each SimObject class in M5 is represented by a Python class with the
+# same name.  The Python inheritance tree mirrors the M5 C++ tree
+# (e.g., SimpleCPU derives from BaseCPU in both cases, and all
+# SimObjects inherit from a single SimObject base class).  To specify
+# an instance of an M5 SimObject in a configuration, the user simply
+# instantiates the corresponding Python object.  The parameters for
+# that SimObject are given by assigning to attributes of the Python
+# object, either using keyword assignment in the constructor or in
+# separate assignment statements.  For example:
+#
+# cache = BaseCache('my_cache', root, size=64*K)
+# cache.hit_latency = 3
+# cache.assoc = 8
+#
+# (The first two constructor arguments specify the name of the created
+# cache and its parent node in the hierarchy.)
+#
+# The magic lies in the mapping of the Python attributes for SimObject
+# classes to the actual SimObject parameter specifications.  This
+# allows parameter validity checking in the Python code.  Continuing
+# the example above, the statements "cache.blurfl=3" or
+# "cache.assoc='hello'" would both result in runtime errors in Python,
+# since the BaseCache object has no 'blurfl' parameter and the 'assoc'
+# parameter requires an integer, respectively.  This magic is done
+# primarily by overriding the special __setattr__ method that controls
+# assignment to object attributes.
+#
+# The Python module provides another class, ConfigNode, which is a
+# superclass of SimObject.  ConfigNode implements the parent/child
+# relationship for building the configuration hierarchy tree.
+# Concrete instances of ConfigNode can be used to group objects in the
+# hierarchy, but do not correspond to SimObjects themselves (like a
+# .ini section with "children=" but no "type=".
+#
+# Once a set of Python objects have been instantiated in a hierarchy,
+# calling 'instantiate(obj)' (where obj is the root of the hierarchy)
+# will generate a .ini file.  See simple-4cpu.py for an example
+# (corresponding to m5-test/simple-4cpu.ini).
+#
+#####################################################################
+
+#####################################################################
+#
+# ConfigNode/SimObject classes
+#
+# The Python class hierarchy rooted by ConfigNode (which is the base
+# class of SimObject, which in turn is the base class of all other M5
+# SimObject classes) has special attribute behavior.  In general, an
+# object in this hierarchy has three categories of attribute-like
+# things:
+#
+# 1. Regular Python methods and variables.  These must start with an
+# underscore to be treated normally.
+#
+# 2. SimObject parameters.  These values are stored as normal Python
+# attributes, but all assignments to these attributes are checked
+# against the pre-defined set of parameters stored in the class's
+# _params dictionary.  Assignments to attributes that do not
+# correspond to predefined parameters, or that are not of the correct
+# type, incur runtime errors.
+#
+# 3. Hierarchy children.  The child nodes of a ConfigNode are stored
+# in the node's _children dictionary, but can be accessed using the
+# Python attribute dot-notation (just as they are printed out by the
+# simulator).  Children cannot be created using attribute assigment;
+# they must be added by specifying the parent node in the child's
+# constructor or using the '+=' operator.
+
+# The SimObject parameters are the most complex, for a few reasons.
+# First, both parameter descriptions and parameter values are
+# inherited.  Thus parameter description lookup must go up the
+# inheritance chain like normal attribute lookup, but this behavior
+# must be explicitly coded since the lookup occurs in each class's
+# _params attribute.  Second, because parameter values can be set
+# on SimObject classes (to implement default values), the parameter
+# checking behavior must be enforced on class attribute assignments as
+# well as instance attribute assignments.  Finally, because we allow
+# class specialization via inheritance (e.g., see the L1Cache class in
+# the simple-4cpu.py example), we must do parameter checking even on
+# class instantiation.  To provide all these features, we use a
+# metaclass to define most of the SimObject parameter behavior for
+# this class hierarchy.
+#
+#####################################################################
+
+class Proxy(object):
+    def __init__(self, path = ()):
+        self._object = None
+        self._path = path
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        return Proxy(self._path + (attr, ))
+
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
+        if not attr.startswith('_'):
+            raise AttributeError, 'cannot set attribute %s' % attr
+        super(Proxy, self).__setattr__(attr, value)
+
+    def _convert(self):
+        obj = self._object
+        for attr in self._path:
+            obj = obj.__getattribute__(attr)
+        return obj
+
+Super = Proxy()
+
+def isSubClass(value, cls):
+    try:
+        return issubclass(value, cls)
+    except:
+        return False
+
+def isParam(self):
+    return isinstance(self, _Param)
+
+def isConfigNode(value):
+    try:
+        return issubclass(value, ConfigNode)
+    except:
+        return False
+
+def isSimObject(value):
+    try:
+        return issubclass(value, SimObject)
+    except:
+        return False
+
+def isSimObjSequence(value):
+    if not issequence(value):
+        return False
+
+    for val in value:
+        if not isNullPointer(val) and not isConfigNode(val):
+            return False
+
+    return True
+
+# The metaclass for ConfigNode (and thus for everything that derives
+# from ConfigNode, including SimObject).  This class controls how new
+# classes that derive from ConfigNode are instantiated, and provides
+# inherited class behavior (just like a class controls how instances
+# of that class are instantiated, and provides inherited instance
+# behavior).
+class MetaConfigNode(type):
+    keywords = { 'abstract' : types.BooleanType,
+                 'check' : types.FunctionType,
+                 '_init' : types.FunctionType,
+                 'type' : (types.NoneType, types.StringType) }
+
+    # __new__ is called before __init__, and is where the statements
+    # in the body of the class definition get loaded into the class's
+    # __dict__.  We intercept this to filter out parameter assignments
+    # and only allow "private" attributes to be passed to the base
+    # __new__ (starting with underscore).
+    def __new__(mcls, name, bases, dict):
+        priv = { 'abstract' : False,
+                 # initialize _params and _values dicts to empty
+                 '_params' : {},
+                 '_values' : {},
+                 '_disable' : {} }
+
+        for key,val in dict.items():
+            if mcls.keywords.has_key(key):
+                if not isinstance(val, mcls.keywords[key]):
+                    raise TypeError, \
+                          'keyword %s has the wrong type %s should be %s' % \
+                          (key, type(val), mcls.keywords[key])
+
+                if isinstance(val, types.FunctionType):
+                    val = classmethod(val)
+                priv[key] = val
+                del dict[key]
+
+            elif key.startswith('_'):
+                priv[key] = val
+                del dict[key]
+
+            elif not isNullPointer(val) and isConfigNode(val):
+                dict[key] = val()
+
+            elif isSimObjSequence(val):
+                dict[key] = [ v() for v in val ]
+
+        # If your parent has a value in it that's a config node, clone it.
+        for base in bases:
+            if not isConfigNode(base):
+                continue
+
+            for name,value in base._values.iteritems():
+                if dict.has_key(name):
+                    continue
+
+                if isConfigNode(value):
+                    priv['_values'][name] = value()
+                elif isSimObjSequence(value):
+                    priv['_values'][name] = [ val() for val in value ]
+
+        # entries left in dict will get passed to __init__, where we'll
+        # deal with them as params.
+        return super(MetaConfigNode, mcls).__new__(mcls, name, bases, priv)
+
+    # initialization: start out with an empty _params dict (makes life
+    # simpler if we can assume _params is always valid).
+    def __init__(cls, name, bases, dict):
+        super(MetaConfigNode, cls).__init__(cls, name, bases, {})
+
+        cls._bases = [c for c in cls.__mro__ if isConfigNode(c)]
+
+        # initialize attributes with values from class definition
+        for pname,value in dict.iteritems():
+            setattr(cls, pname, value)
+
+        if hasattr(cls, '_init'):
+            cls._init()
+            del cls._init
+
+    def _isvalue(cls, name):
+        for c in cls._bases:
+            if c._params.has_key(name):
+                return True
+
+        for c in cls._bases:
+            if c._values.has_key(name):
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    # generator that iterates across all parameters for this class and
+    # all classes it inherits from
+    def _getparams(cls):
+        params = {}
+        for c in cls._bases:
+            for p,v in c._params.iteritems():
+                if not params.has_key(p):
+                    params[p] = v
+        return params
+
+    # Lookup a parameter description by name in the given class.
+    def _getparam(cls, name, default = AttributeError):
+        for c in cls._bases:
+            if c._params.has_key(name):
+                return c._params[name]
+        if isSubClass(default, Exception):
+            raise default, \
+                  "object '%s' has no attribute '%s'" % (cls.__name__, name)
+        else:
+            return default
+
+    def _setparam(cls, name, value):
+        cls._params[name] = value
+
+    def _hasvalue(cls, name):
+        for c in cls._bases:
+            if c._values.has_key(name):
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def _getvalues(cls):
+        values = {}
+        for i,c in enumerate(cls._bases):
+            for p,v in c._values.iteritems():
+                if not values.has_key(p):
+                    values[p] = v
+        return values
+
+    def _getvalue(cls, name, default = AttributeError):
+        value = None
+        for c in cls._bases:
+            if c._values.has_key(name):
+                value = c._values[name]
+                break
+        if value is not None:
+            return value
+
+        param = cls._getparam(name, None)
+        if param is not None and hasattr(param, 'default'):
+            param.valid(param.default)
+            value = param.default
+            cls._setvalue(name, value)
+            return value
+
+        if isSubClass(default, Exception):
+            raise default, 'value for %s not found' % name
+        else:
+            return default
+
+    def _setvalue(cls, name, value):
+        cls._values[name] = value
+
+    def _getdisable(cls, name):
+        for c in cls._bases:
+            if c._disable.has_key(name):
+                return c._disable[name]
+        return False
+
+    def _setdisable(cls, name, value):
+        cls._disable[name] = value
+
+    def __getattr__(cls, attr):
+        if cls._isvalue(attr):
+            return Value(cls, attr)
+
+        raise AttributeError, \
+              "object '%s' has no attribute '%s'" % (cls.__name__, cls)
+
+
+    # Set attribute (called on foo.attr = value when foo is an
+    # instance of class cls).
+    def __setattr__(cls, attr, value):
+        # normal processing for private attributes
+        if attr.startswith('_'):
+            type.__setattr__(cls, attr, value)
+            return
+
+        if cls.keywords.has_key(attr):
+            raise TypeError, \
+                  "keyword '%s' can only be set in a simobj definition" % attr
+
+        if isParam(value):
+            cls._setparam(attr, value)
+            return
+
+        # must be SimObject param
+        param = cls._getparam(attr, None)
+        if param:
+            # It's ok: set attribute by delegating to 'object' class.
+            # Note the use of param.make_value() to verify/canonicalize
+            # the assigned value
+            param.valid(value)
+            cls._setvalue(attr, value)
+        elif isConfigNode(value) or isSimObjSequence(value):
+            cls._setvalue(attr, value)
+        else:
+            for p,v in cls._getparams().iteritems():
+                print p,v
+            raise AttributeError, \
+                  "Class %s has no parameter %s" % (cls.__name__, attr)
+
+    def add_child(cls, instance, name, child):
+        if isNullPointer(child) or instance.top_child_names.has_key(name):
+            return
+
+        if issequence(child):
+            kid = []
+            for i,c in enumerate(child):
+                n = '%s%d' % (name, i)
+                k = c.instantiate(n, instance)
+
+                instance.children.append(k)
+                instance.child_names[n] = k
+                instance.child_objects[c] = k
+                kid.append(k)
+        else:
+            kid = child.instantiate(name, instance)
+            instance.children.append(kid)
+            instance.child_names[name] = kid
+            instance.child_objects[child] = kid
+
+        instance.top_child_names[name] = kid
+
+    # Print instance info to .ini file.
+    def instantiate(cls, name, parent = None):
+        instance = Node(name, cls, cls.type, parent)
+
+        if hasattr(cls, 'check'):
+            cls.check()
+
+        for key,value in cls._getvalues().iteritems():
+            if cls._getdisable(key):
+                continue
+
+            if isConfigNode(value):
+                cls.add_child(instance, key, value)
+            if issequence(value):
+                list = [ v for v in value if isConfigNode(v) ]
+                if len(list):
+                    cls.add_child(instance, key, list)
+
+        for pname,param in cls._getparams().iteritems():
+            try:
+                if cls._getdisable(pname):
+                    continue
+
+                value = cls._getvalue(pname)
+
+                if isConfigNode(value):
+                    value = instance.child_objects[value]
+                elif issequence(value):
+                    v = []
+                    for val in value:
+                        if isConfigNode(val):
+                            v.append(instance.child_objects[val])
+                        else:
+                            v.append(val)
+                    value = v
+
+                p = NodeParam(pname, param, value)
+                instance.params.append(p)
+                instance.param_names[pname] = p
+            except:
+                print 'Exception while evaluating %s.%s' % \
+                      (instance.path, pname)
+                raise
+
+        return instance
+
+    def _convert(cls, value):
+        realvalue = value
+        if isinstance(value, Node):
+            realvalue = value.realtype
+
+        if isinstance(realvalue, Proxy):
+            return value
+
+        if realvalue == None or isNullPointer(realvalue):
+            return value
+
+        if isSubClass(realvalue, cls):
+            return value
+
+        raise TypeError, 'object %s type %s wrong type, should be %s' % \
+              (repr(realvalue), realvalue, cls)
+
+    def _string(cls, value):
+        if isNullPointer(value):
+            return 'Null'
+        return Node._string(value)
+
+# The ConfigNode class is the root of the special hierarchy.  Most of
+# the code in this class deals with the configuration hierarchy itself
+# (parent/child node relationships).
+class ConfigNode(object):
+    # Specify metaclass.  Any class inheriting from ConfigNode will
+    # get this metaclass.
+    __metaclass__ = MetaConfigNode
+    type = None
+
+    def __new__(cls, **kwargs):
+        return MetaConfigNode(cls.__name__, (cls, ), kwargs)
+
+    # Set attribute.  All attribute assignments go through here.  Must
+    # be private attribute (starts with '_') or valid parameter entry.
+    # Basically identical to MetaConfigClass.__setattr__(), except
+    # this sets attributes on specific instances rather than on classes.
+    #def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
+    #    if attr.startswith('_'):
+    #        object.__setattr__(self, attr, value)
+    #        return
+        # not private; look up as param
+    #    param = self.__class__.lookup_param(attr)
+    #    if not param:
+    #        raise AttributeError, \
+    #              "Class %s has no parameter %s" \
+    #              % (self.__class__.__name__, attr)
+        # It's ok: set attribute by delegating to 'object' class.
+        # Note the use of param.make_value() to verify/canonicalize
+        # the assigned value.
+    #    v = param.convert(value)
+    #    object.__setattr__(self, attr, v)
+
+# SimObject is a minimal extension of ConfigNode, implementing a
+# hierarchy node that corresponds to an M5 SimObject.  It prints out a
+# "type=" line to indicate its SimObject class, prints out the
+# assigned parameters corresponding to its class, and allows
+# parameters to be set by keyword in the constructor.  Note that most
+# of the heavy lifting for the SimObject param handling is done in the
+# MetaConfigNode metaclass.
+class SimObject(ConfigNode):
+    def _sim_code(cls):
+        name = cls.__name__
+        param_names = cls._params.keys()
+        param_names.sort()
+        code = "BEGIN_DECLARE_SIM_OBJECT_PARAMS(%s)\n" % name
+        decls = ["  " + cls._params[pname].sim_decl(pname) \
+                 for pname in param_names]
+        code += "\n".join(decls) + "\n"
+        code += "END_DECLARE_SIM_OBJECT_PARAMS(%s)\n\n" % name
+        code += "BEGIN_INIT_SIM_OBJECT_PARAMS(%s)\n" % name
+        inits = ["  " + cls._params[pname].sim_init(pname) \
+                 for pname in param_names]
+        code += ",\n".join(inits) + "\n"
+        code += "END_INIT_SIM_OBJECT_PARAMS(%s)\n\n" % name
+        return code
+    _sim_code = classmethod(_sim_code)
+
+class NodeParam(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, param, value):
+        self.name = name
+        self.param = param
+        self.ptype = param.ptype
+        self.convert = param.convert
+        self.string = param.string
+        self.value = value
+
+class Node(object):
+    all = {}
+    def __init__(self, name, realtype, type, parent):
+        self.name = name
+        self.realtype = realtype
+        self.type = type
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.children = []
+        self.child_names = {}
+        self.child_objects = {}
+        self.top_child_names = {}
+        self.params = []
+        self.param_names = {}
+
+        path = [ self.name ]
+        node = self.parent
+        while node is not None:
+            if node.name != 'root':
+                path.insert(0, node.name)
+            else:
+                assert(node.parent is None)
+            node = node.parent
+        self.path = '.'.join(path)
+
+    def find(self, realtype, path):
+        rtype = eval(realtype)
+        if not path:
+            if issubclass(self.realtype, rtype):
+                return self, True
+
+            obj = None
+            for child in self.children:
+                if issubclass(child.realtype, rtype):
+                    if obj is not None:
+                        raise AttributeError, \
+                              'Super matched more than one: %s %s' % \
+                              (obj.path, child.path)
+                    obj = child
+            return obj, obj is not None
+
+        try:
+            obj = self
+            for node in path[:-1]:
+                obj = obj.child_names[node]
+
+            last = path[-1]
+            if obj.child_names.has_key(last):
+                value = obj.child_names[last]
+                if issubclass(value.realtype, rtype):
+                    return value, True
+            elif obj.param_names.has_key(last):
+                value = obj.param_names[last]
+                rtype._convert(value.value)
+                return value.value, True
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        return None, False
+
+    def unproxy(self, ptype, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, Proxy):
+            return value
+
+        if value is None:
+            raise AttributeError, 'Error while fixing up %s' % self.path
+
+        obj = self
+        done = False
+        while not done:
+            if obj is None:
+                raise AttributeError, \
+                      'Parent of %s type %s not found at path %s' \
+                      % (self.name, ptype, value._path)
+            found, done = obj.find(ptype, value._path)
+            if isinstance(found, Proxy):
+                done = false
+            obj = obj.parent
+
+        return found
+
+    def fixup(self):
+        self.all[self.path] = self
+
+        for param in self.params:
+            ptype = param.ptype
+            pval = param.value
+
+            try:
+                if issequence(pval):
+                    param.value = [ self.unproxy(ptype, pv) for pv in pval ]
+                else:
+                    param.value = self.unproxy(ptype, pval)
+            except:
+                print 'Error while fixing up %s:%s' % (self.path, param.name)
+                raise
+
+        for child in self.children:
+            assert(child != self)
+            child.fixup()
+
+    # print type and parameter values to .ini file
+    def display(self):
+        print '[' + self.path + ']'	# .ini section header
+
+        if isSimObject(self.realtype):
+            print 'type = %s' % self.type
+
+        if self.children:
+            # instantiate children in same order they were added for
+            # backward compatibility (else we can end up with cpu1
+            # before cpu0).
+            print 'children =', ' '.join([ c.name for c in self.children])
+
+        for param in self.params:
+            try:
+                if param.value is None:
+                    raise AttributeError, 'Parameter with no value'
+
+                value = param.convert(param.value)
+                string = param.string(value)
+            except:
+                print 'exception in %s:%s' % (self.path, param.name)
+                raise
+
+            print '%s = %s' % (param.name, string)
+
+        print
+
+        # recursively dump out children
+        for c in self.children:
+            c.display()
+
+    def _string(cls, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, Node):
+            raise AttributeError, 'expecting %s got %s' % (Node, value)
+        return value.path
+    _string = classmethod(_string)
+
+#####################################################################
+#
+# Parameter description classes
+#
+# The _params dictionary in each class maps parameter names to
+# either a Param or a VectorParam object.  These objects contain the
+# parameter description string, the parameter type, and the default
+# value (loaded from the PARAM section of the .odesc files).  The
+# _convert() method on these objects is used to force whatever value
+# is assigned to the parameter to the appropriate type.
+#
+# Note that the default values are loaded into the class's attribute
+# space when the parameter dictionary is initialized (in
+# MetaConfigNode._setparams()); after that point they aren't used.
+#
+#####################################################################
+
+def isNullPointer(value):
+    return isinstance(value, NullSimObject)
+
+class Value(object):
+    def __init__(self, obj, attr):
+        super(Value, self).__setattr__('attr', attr)
+        super(Value, self).__setattr__('obj', obj)
+
+    def _getattr(self):
+        return self.obj._getvalue(self.attr)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
+        if attr == 'disable':
+            self.obj._setdisable(self.attr, value)
+        else:
+            setattr(self._getattr(), attr, value)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        if attr == 'disable':
+            return self.obj._getdisable(self.attr)
+        else:
+            return getattr(self._getattr(), attr)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return self._getattr().__getitem__(index)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self._getattr().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return bool(self._getattr())
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self._getattr())
+
+# Regular parameter.
+class _Param(object):
+    def __init__(self, ptype, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.ptype = ptype
+
+        if args:
+            if len(args) == 1:
+                self.desc = args[0]
+            elif len(args) == 2:
+                self.default = args[0]
+                self.desc = args[1]
+            else:
+                raise TypeError, 'too many arguments'
+
+        if kwargs.has_key('desc'):
+            assert(not hasattr(self, 'desc'))
+            self.desc = kwargs['desc']
+            del kwargs['desc']
+
+        if kwargs.has_key('default'):
+            assert(not hasattr(self, 'default'))
+            self.default = kwargs['default']
+            del kwargs['default']
+
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError, 'extra unknown kwargs %s' % kwargs
+
+        if not hasattr(self, 'desc'):
+            raise TypeError, 'desc attribute missing'
+
+    def valid(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, Proxy):
+            ptype = eval(self.ptype)
+            ptype._convert(value)
+
+    def convert(self, value):
+        ptype = eval(self.ptype)
+        return ptype._convert(value)
+
+    def string(self, value):
+        ptype = eval(self.ptype)
+        return ptype._string(value)
+
+    def get(self, name, instance, owner):
+        # nothing to do if None or already correct type.  Also allow NULL
+        # pointer to be assigned where a SimObject is expected.
+        try:
+            if value == None or isinstance(value, self.ptype) or \
+                   isConfigNode(self.ptype) and \
+                   (isNullPointer(value) or issubclass(value, self.ptype)):
+                return value
+
+        except TypeError:
+            # this type conversion will raise an exception if it's illegal
+            return self.ptype(value)
+
+    def set(self, name, instance, value):
+        instance.__dict__[name] = value
+
+    def sim_decl(self, name):
+        return 'Param<%s> %s;' % (self.ptype.__name__, name)
+
+    def sim_init(self, name):
+        if self.default == None:
+            return 'INIT_PARAM(%s, "%s")' % (name, self.desc)
+        else:
+            return 'INIT_PARAM_DFLT(%s, "%s", %s)' % \
+                   (name, self.desc, str(self.default))
+
+class _ParamProxy(object):
+    def __init__(self, type):
+        self.ptype = type
+
+    # E.g., Param.Int(5, "number of widgets")
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return _Param(self.ptype, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        if attr == '__bases__':
+            raise AttributeError, ''
+        cls = type(self)
+        return cls(attr)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
+        if attr != 'ptype':
+            raise AttributeError, \
+                  'Attribute %s not available in %s' % (attr, self.__class__)
+        super(_ParamProxy, self).__setattr__(attr, value)
+
+
+Param = _ParamProxy(None)
+
+# Vector-valued parameter description.  Just like Param, except that
+# the value is a vector (list) of the specified type instead of a
+# single value.
+class _VectorParam(_Param):
+    def __init__(self, type, *args, **kwargs):
+        _Param.__init__(self, type, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def valid(self, value):
+        if value == None:
+            return True
+
+        ptype = eval(self.ptype)
+        if issequence(value):
+            for val in value:
+                if not isinstance(val, Proxy):
+                    ptype._convert(val)
+        elif not isinstance(value, Proxy):
+            ptype._convert(value)
+
+    # Convert assigned value to appropriate type.  If the RHS is not a
+    # list or tuple, it generates a single-element list.
+    def convert(self, value):
+        if value == None:
+            return []
+
+        ptype = eval(self.ptype)
+        if issequence(value):
+            # list: coerce each element into new list
+            return [ ptype._convert(v) for v in value ]
+        else:
+            # singleton: coerce & wrap in a list
+            return ptype._convert(value)
+
+    def string(self, value):
+        ptype = eval(self.ptype)
+        if issequence(value):
+            return ' '.join([ ptype._string(v) for v in value])
+        else:
+            return ptype._string(value)
+
+    def sim_decl(self, name):
+        return 'VectorParam<%s> %s;' % (self.ptype.__name__, name)
+
+class _VectorParamProxy(_ParamProxy):
+    # E.g., VectorParam.Int(5, "number of widgets")
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return _VectorParam(self.ptype, *args, **kwargs)
+
+VectorParam = _VectorParamProxy(None)
+
+#####################################################################
+#
+# Parameter Types
+#
+# Though native Python types could be used to specify parameter types
+# (the 'ptype' field of the Param and VectorParam classes), it's more
+# flexible to define our own set of types.  This gives us more control
+# over how Python expressions are converted to values (via the
+# __init__() constructor) and how these values are printed out (via
+# the __str__() conversion method).  Eventually we'll need these types
+# to correspond to distinct C++ types as well.
+#
+#####################################################################
+# Integer parameter type.
+class _CheckedInt(object):
+    def _convert(cls, value):
+        t = type(value)
+        if t == bool:
+            return int(value)
+
+        if t != int and t != long and t != float and t != str:
+            raise TypeError, 'Integer parameter of invalid type %s' % t
+
+        if t == str or t == float:
+            value = long(value)
+
+        if not cls._min <= value <= cls._max:
+            raise TypeError, 'Integer parameter out of bounds %d < %d < %d' % \
+                  (cls._min, value, cls._max)
+
+        return value
+    _convert = classmethod(_convert)
+
+    def _string(cls, value):
+        return str(value)
+    _string = classmethod(_string)
+
+class CheckedInt(type):
+    def __new__(cls, name, min, max):
+        # New class derives from _CheckedInt base with proper bounding
+        # parameters
+        dict = { '_name' : name, '_min' : min, '_max' : max }
+        return type.__new__(cls, name, (_CheckedInt, ), dict)
+
+class CheckedIntType(CheckedInt):
+    def __new__(cls, name, size, unsigned):
+        dict = {}
+        if unsigned:
+            min = 0
+            max = 2 ** size - 1
+        else:
+            min = -(2 ** (size - 1))
+            max = (2 ** (size - 1)) - 1
+
+        return super(cls, CheckedIntType).__new__(cls, name, min, max)
+
+Int      = CheckedIntType('int',      32, False)
+Unsigned = CheckedIntType('unsigned', 32, True)
+
+Int8     = CheckedIntType('int8_t',    8, False)
+UInt8    = CheckedIntType('uint8_t',   8, True)
+Int16    = CheckedIntType('int16_t',  16, False)
+UInt16   = CheckedIntType('uint16_t', 16, True)
+Int32    = CheckedIntType('int32_t',  32, False)
+UInt32   = CheckedIntType('uint32_t', 32, True)
+Int64    = CheckedIntType('int64_t',  64, False)
+UInt64   = CheckedIntType('uint64_t', 64, True)
+
+Counter  = CheckedIntType('Counter', 64, True)
+Addr     = CheckedIntType('Addr',    64, True)
+Tick     = CheckedIntType('Tick',    64, True)
+
+Percent  = CheckedInt('int', 0, 100)
+
+class Pair(object):
+    def __init__(self, first, second):
+        self.first = first
+        self.second = second
+
+class _Range(object):
+    def _convert(cls, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, Pair):
+            raise TypeError, 'value %s is not a Pair' % value
+        return Pair(cls._type._convert(value.first),
+                    cls._type._convert(value.second))
+    _convert = classmethod(_convert)
+
+    def _string(cls, value):
+        return '%s:%s' % (cls._type._string(value.first),
+                          cls._type._string(value.second))
+    _string = classmethod(_string)
+
+def RangeSize(start, size):
+    return Pair(start, start + size - 1)
+
+class Range(type):
+    def __new__(cls, type):
+        dict = { '_name' : 'Range<%s>' + type._name, '_type' : type }
+        cname = 'Range_' + type.__name__
+        return super(cls, Range).__new__(cls, cname, (_Range, ), dict)
+
+AddrRange = Range(Addr)
+
+# Boolean parameter type.
+class Bool(object):
+    _name = 'bool'
+    def _convert(value):
+        t = type(value)
+        if t == bool:
+            return value
+
+        if t == int or t == long:
+            return bool(value)
+
+        if t == str:
+            v = value.lower()
+            if v == "true" or v == "t" or v == "yes" or v == "y":
+                return True
+            elif v == "false" or v == "f" or v == "no" or v == "n":
+                return False
+
+        raise TypeError, 'Bool parameter (%s) of invalid type %s' % (v, t)
+    _convert = staticmethod(_convert)
+
+    def _string(value):
+        if value:
+            return "true"
+        else:
+            return "false"
+    _string = staticmethod(_string)
+
+# String-valued parameter.
+class String(object):
+    _name = 'string'
+
+    # Constructor.  Value must be Python string.
+    def _convert(cls,value):
+        if value is None:
+            return ''
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+
+        raise TypeError, \
+              "String param got value %s %s" % (repr(value), type(value))
+    _convert = classmethod(_convert)
+
+    # Generate printable string version.  Not too tricky.
+    def _string(cls, value):
+        return value
+    _string = classmethod(_string)
+
+
+def IncEthernetAddr(addr, val = 1):
+    bytes = map(lambda x: int(x, 16), addr.split(':'))
+    bytes[5] += val
+    for i in (5, 4, 3, 2, 1):
+        val,rem = divmod(bytes[i], 256)
+        bytes[i] = rem
+        if val == 0:
+            break
+        bytes[i - 1] += val
+    assert(bytes[0] <= 255)
+    return ':'.join(map(lambda x: '%02x' % x, bytes))
+
+class NextEthernetAddr(object):
+    __metaclass__ = Singleton
+    addr = "00:90:00:00:00:01"
+
+    def __init__(self, inc = 1):
+        self.value = self.addr
+        self.addr = IncEthernetAddr(self.addr, inc)
+
+class EthernetAddr(object):
+    _name = 'EthAddr'
+
+    def _convert(cls, value):
+        if value == NextEthernetAddr:
+            return value
+
+        if not isinstance(value, str):
+            raise TypeError, "expected an ethernet address and didn't get one"
+
+        bytes = value.split(':')
+        if len(bytes) != 6:
+            raise TypeError, 'invalid ethernet address %s' % value
+
+        for byte in bytes:
+            if not 0 <= int(byte) <= 256:
+                raise TypeError, 'invalid ethernet address %s' % value
+
+        return value
+    _convert = classmethod(_convert)
+
+    def _string(cls, value):
+        if value == NextEthernetAddr:
+            value = value().value
+        return value
+    _string = classmethod(_string)
+
+# Special class for NULL pointers.  Note the special check in
+# make_param_value() above that lets these be assigned where a
+# SimObject is required.
+# only one copy of a particular node
+class NullSimObject(object):
+    __metaclass__ = Singleton
+    _name = 'NULL'
+
+    def __call__(cls):
+        return cls
+
+    def _sim_code(cls):
+        pass
+    _sim_code = classmethod(_sim_code)
+
+    def _instantiate(self, parent = None, path = ''):
+        pass
+
+    def _convert(cls, value):
+        if value == Nxone:
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            return value
+
+        raise TypeError, 'object %s %s of the wrong type, should be %s' % \
+              (repr(value), type(value), cls)
+    _convert = classmethod(_convert)
+
+    def _string():
+        return 'NULL'
+    _string = staticmethod(_string)
+
+# The only instance you'll ever need...
+Null = NULL = NullSimObject()
+
+# Enumerated types are a little more complex.  The user specifies the
+# type as Enum(foo) where foo is either a list or dictionary of
+# alternatives (typically strings, but not necessarily so).  (In the
+# long run, the integer value of the parameter will be the list index
+# or the corresponding dictionary value.  For now, since we only check
+# that the alternative is valid and then spit it into a .ini file,
+# there's not much point in using the dictionary.)
+
+# What Enum() must do is generate a new type encapsulating the
+# provided list/dictionary so that specific values of the parameter
+# can be instances of that type.  We define two hidden internal
+# classes (_ListEnum and _DictEnum) to serve as base classes, then
+# derive the new type from the appropriate base class on the fly.
+
+
+# Base class for Enum types.
+class _Enum(object):
+    def _convert(self, value):
+        if value not in self.map:
+            raise TypeError, "Enum param got bad value '%s' (not in %s)" \
+                  % (value, self.map)
+        return value
+    _convert = classmethod(_convert)
+
+    # Generate printable string version of value.
+    def _string(self, value):
+        return str(value)
+    _string = classmethod(_string)
+
+# Enum metaclass... calling Enum(foo) generates a new type (class)
+# that derives from _ListEnum or _DictEnum as appropriate.
+class Enum(type):
+    # counter to generate unique names for generated classes
+    counter = 1
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args):
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            enum_map = args
+        else:
+            enum_map = args[0]
+
+        if isinstance(enum_map, dict):
+            map = enum_map
+        elif issequence(enum_map):
+            map = {}
+            for idx,val in enumerate(enum_map):
+                map[val] = idx
+        else:
+            raise TypeError, "Enum map must be list or dict (got %s)" % map
+
+        classname = "Enum%04d" % Enum.counter
+        Enum.counter += 1
+
+        # New class derives from _Enum base, and gets a 'map'
+        # attribute containing the specified list or dict.
+        return type.__new__(cls, classname, (_Enum, ), { 'map': map })
+
+
+#
+# "Constants"... handy aliases for various values.
+#
+
+# For compatibility with C++ bool constants.
+false = False
+true = True
+
+# Some memory range specifications use this as a default upper bound.
+MAX_ADDR = Addr._max
+
+# For power-of-two sizing, e.g. 64*K gives an integer value 65536.
+K = 1024
+M = K*K
+G = K*M
+
+#####################################################################
+
+# Munge an arbitrary Python code string to get it to execute (mostly
+# dealing with indentation).  Stolen from isa_parser.py... see
+# comments there for a more detailed description.
+#def fixPythonIndentation(s):
+#    # get rid of blank lines first
+#    s = re.sub(r'(?m)^\s*\n', '', s);
+#    if (s != '' and re.match(r'[ \t]', s[0])):
+#        s = 'if 1:\n' + s
+#    return s
+
+# Hook to generate C++ parameter code.
+def gen_sim_code(file):
+    for objname in sim_object_list:
+        print >> file, eval("%s._sim_code()" % objname)
+
+# The final hook to generate .ini files.  Called from configuration
+# script once config is built.
+def instantiate(root):
+    if not issubclass(root, Root):
+        raise AttributeError, 'Can only instantiate the Root of the tree'
+
+    instance = root.instantiate('root')
+    instance.fixup()
+    instance.display()
+
+from objects import *
+