ARM: Implement a CLCD Frame buffer

1 files changed, 653 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/dev/arm/pl111.cc b/src/dev/arm/pl111.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e78d28141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dev/arm/pl111.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,653 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 ARM Limited
+ * All rights reserved
+ *
+ * The license below extends only to copyright in the software and shall
+ * not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual
+ * property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
+ * to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
+ * licensed hereunder.  You may use the software subject to the license
+ * terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated
+ * unmodified and in its entirety in all distributions of the software,
+ * modified or unmodified, in source code or in binary form.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
+ * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
+ * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * Authors: William Wang
+ */
+
+#include "base/trace.hh"
+#include "dev/arm/amba_device.hh"
+#include "dev/arm/gic.hh"
+#include "dev/arm/pl111.hh"
+#include "mem/packet.hh"
+#include "mem/packet_access.hh"
+
+using namespace AmbaDev;
+
+// initialize clcd registers
+Pl111::Pl111(const Params *p)
+    : AmbaDmaDevice(p), lcdTiming0(0), lcdTiming1(0), lcdTiming2(0),
+      lcdTiming3(0), lcdUpbase(0), lcdLpbase(0), lcdControl(0), lcdImsc(0),
+      lcdRis(0), lcdMis(0), lcdIcr(0), lcdUpcurr(0), lcdLpcurr(0),
+      clcdCrsrCtrl(0), clcdCrsrConfig(0), clcdCrsrPalette0(0),
+      clcdCrsrPalette1(0), clcdCrsrXY(0), clcdCrsrClip(0), clcdCrsrImsc(0),
+      clcdCrsrIcr(0), clcdCrsrRis(0), clcdCrsrMis(0), clock(p->clock),
+      height(0), width(0), startTime(0), startAddr(0), maxAddr(0), curAddr(0),
+      waterMark(0), dmaPendingNum(0), readEvent(this), fillFifoEvent(this),
+      dmaDoneEvent(maxOutstandingDma, this), intEvent(this)
+{
+    pioSize = 0xFFFF;
+
+    memset(lcdPalette, 0, sizeof(lcdPalette));
+    memset(cursorImage, 0, sizeof(cursorImage));
+    memset(dmaBuffer, 0, sizeof(dmaBuffer));
+    memset(frameBuffer, 0, sizeof(frameBuffer));
+}
+
+// read registers and frame buffer
+Tick
+Pl111::read(PacketPtr pkt)
+{
+    // use a temporary data since the LCD registers are read/written with
+    // different size operations
+
+    uint32_t data = 0;
+
+    if ((pkt->getAddr()& 0xffff0000) == pioAddr) {
+
+        assert(pkt->getAddr() >= pioAddr &&
+               pkt->getAddr() < pioAddr + pioSize);
+
+        Addr daddr = pkt->getAddr()&0xFFFF;
+        pkt->allocate();
+
+        DPRINTF(PL111, " read register %#x size=%d\n", daddr, pkt->getSize());
+
+        switch (daddr) {
+          case LcdTiming0:
+            data = lcdTiming0;
+            break;
+          case LcdTiming1:
+            data = lcdTiming1;
+            break;
+          case LcdTiming2:
+            data = lcdTiming2;
+            break;
+          case LcdTiming3:
+            data = lcdTiming3;
+            break;
+          case LcdUpBase:
+            data = lcdUpbase;
+            break;
+          case LcdLpBase:
+            data = lcdLpbase;
+            break;
+          case LcdControl:
+            data = lcdControl;
+            break;
+          case LcdImsc:
+            warn("LCD interrupt set/clear function not supported\n");
+            data = lcdImsc;
+            break;
+          case LcdRis:
+            warn("LCD Raw interrupt status function not supported\n");
+            data = lcdRis;
+            break;
+          case LcdMis:
+            warn("LCD Masked interrupt status function not supported\n");
+            data = lcdMis;
+            break;
+          case LcdIcr:
+            panic("LCD register at offset %#x is Write-Only\n", daddr);
+            break;
+          case LcdUpCurr:
+            data = lcdUpcurr;
+            break;
+          case LcdLpCurr:
+            data = lcdLpcurr;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrCtrl:
+            data = clcdCrsrCtrl;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrConfig:
+            data = clcdCrsrConfig;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrPalette0:
+            data = clcdCrsrPalette0;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrPalette1:
+            data = clcdCrsrPalette1;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrXY:
+            data = clcdCrsrXY;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrClip:
+            data = clcdCrsrClip;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrImsc:
+            data = clcdCrsrImsc;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrIcr:
+            panic("CLCD register at offset %#x is Write-Only\n", daddr);
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrRis:
+            data = clcdCrsrRis;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrMis:
+            data = clcdCrsrMis;
+            break;
+          default:
+            if (AmbaDev::readId(pkt, AMBA_ID, pioAddr)) {
+                // Hack for variable size accesses
+                data = pkt->get<uint32_t>();
+                break;
+            } else if (daddr >= CrsrImage && daddr <= 0xBFC) {
+                // CURSOR IMAGE
+                int index;
+                index = (daddr - CrsrImage) >> 2;
+                data= cursorImage[index];
+                break;
+            } else if (daddr >= LcdPalette && daddr <= 0x3FC) {
+                // LCD Palette
+                int index;
+                index = (daddr - LcdPalette) >> 2;
+                data = lcdPalette[index];
+                break;
+            } else {
+                panic("Tried to read CLCD register at offset %#x that \
+                       doesn't exist\n", daddr);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch(pkt->getSize()) {
+      case 1:
+        pkt->set<uint8_t>(data);
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        pkt->set<uint16_t>(data);
+        break;
+      case 4:
+        pkt->set<uint32_t>(data);
+        break;
+      default:
+        panic("CLCD controller read size too big?\n");
+        break;
+    }
+
+    pkt->makeAtomicResponse();
+    return pioDelay;
+}
+
+// write registers and frame buffer
+Tick
+Pl111::write(PacketPtr pkt)
+{
+    // use a temporary data since the LCD registers are read/written with
+    // different size operations
+    //
+    uint32_t data = 0;
+
+    switch(pkt->getSize()) {
+      case 1:
+        data = pkt->get<uint8_t>();
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        data = pkt->get<uint16_t>();
+        break;
+      case 4:
+        data = pkt->get<uint32_t>();
+        break;
+      default:
+        panic("PL111 CLCD controller write size too big?\n");
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if ((pkt->getAddr()& 0xffff0000) == pioAddr) {
+
+        assert(pkt->getAddr() >= pioAddr &&
+               pkt->getAddr() < pioAddr + pioSize);
+
+        Addr daddr = pkt->getAddr() - pioAddr;
+
+        DPRINTF(PL111, " write register %#x value %#x size=%d\n", daddr,
+                pkt->get<uint8_t>(), pkt->getSize());
+
+        switch (daddr) {
+          case LcdTiming0:
+            lcdTiming0 = data;
+            // width = 16 * (PPL+1)
+            width = (lcdTiming0.ppl + 1) << 4;
+            break;
+          case LcdTiming1:
+            lcdTiming1 = data;
+            // height = LPP + 1
+            height  = (lcdTiming1.lpp) + 1;
+            break;
+          case LcdTiming2:
+            lcdTiming2 = data;
+            break;
+          case LcdTiming3:
+            lcdTiming3 = data;
+            break;
+          case LcdUpBase:
+            lcdUpbase  = data;
+            break;
+          case LcdLpBase:
+            warn("LCD dual screen mode not supported\n");
+            lcdLpbase  = data;
+            break;
+          case LcdControl:
+            int old_lcdpwr;
+            old_lcdpwr = lcdControl.lcdpwr;
+            lcdControl = data;
+            // LCD power enable
+            if (lcdControl.lcdpwr&&!old_lcdpwr) {
+                DPRINTF(PL111, " lcd size: height %d width %d\n", height, width);
+                waterMark = lcdControl.watermark ? 8 : 4;
+                readFramebuffer();
+            }
+            break;
+          case LcdImsc:
+            warn("LCD interrupt mask set/clear not supported\n");
+            lcdImsc    = data;
+            break;
+          case LcdRis:
+            warn("LCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr);
+            break;
+          case LcdMis:
+            warn("LCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr);
+            break;
+          case LcdIcr:
+            warn("LCD interrupt clear not supported\n");
+            lcdIcr     = data;
+            break;
+          case LcdUpCurr:
+            warn("LCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr);
+            break;
+          case LcdLpCurr:
+            warn("LCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr);
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrCtrl:
+            clcdCrsrCtrl = data;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrConfig:
+            clcdCrsrConfig = data;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrPalette0:
+            clcdCrsrPalette0 = data;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrPalette1:
+            clcdCrsrPalette1 = data;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrXY:
+            clcdCrsrXY = data;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrClip:
+            clcdCrsrClip = data;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrImsc:
+            clcdCrsrImsc = data;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrIcr:
+            clcdCrsrIcr = data;
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrRis:
+            warn("CLCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr);
+            break;
+          case ClcdCrsrMis:
+            warn("CLCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr);
+            break;
+          default:
+            if (daddr >= CrsrImage && daddr <= 0xBFC) {
+                // CURSOR IMAGE
+                int index;
+                index = (daddr - CrsrImage) >> 2;
+                cursorImage[index] = data;
+                break;
+            } else if (daddr >= LcdPalette && daddr <= 0x3FC) {
+                // LCD Palette
+                int index;
+                index = (daddr - LcdPalette) >> 2;
+                lcdPalette[index] = data;
+                break;
+            } else {
+                panic("Tried to write PL111 register at offset %#x that \
+                       doesn't exist\n", daddr);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pkt->makeAtomicResponse();
+    return pioDelay;
+}
+
+void
+Pl111::readFramebuffer()
+{
+    // initialization for dma read from frame buffer to dma buffer
+    uint32_t length  = height*width;
+    if (startAddr != lcdUpbase) {
+        startAddr = lcdUpbase;
+    }
+    curAddr = 0;
+    startTime = curTick;
+    maxAddr = static_cast<Addr>(length*sizeof(uint32_t));
+    dmaPendingNum =0 ;
+
+    fillFifo();
+}
+
+void
+Pl111::fillFifo()
+{
+    while ((dmaPendingNum < maxOutstandingDma) && (maxAddr >= curAddr + dmaSize )) {
+        // concurrent dma reads need different dma done events
+        // due to assertion in scheduling state
+        ++dmaPendingNum;
+        DPRINTF(PL111, " ++ DMA pending number %d read addr %#x\n",
+                dmaPendingNum, curAddr);
+        assert(!dmaDoneEvent[dmaPendingNum-1].scheduled());
+        dmaRead(curAddr + startAddr, dmaSize, &dmaDoneEvent[dmaPendingNum-1],
+                curAddr + dmaBuffer);
+        curAddr += dmaSize;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Pl111::dmaDone()
+{
+    Tick maxFrameTime = lcdTiming2.cpl*height*clock;
+
+    --dmaPendingNum;
+
+    DPRINTF(PL111, " -- DMA pending number %d\n", dmaPendingNum);
+
+    if (maxAddr == curAddr && !dmaPendingNum) {
+        if ((curTick - startTime) > maxFrameTime)
+            warn("CLCD controller buffer underrun, took %d cycles when should"
+                 " have taken %d\n", curTick - startTime, maxFrameTime);
+
+        // double buffering so the vnc server doesn't see a tear in the screen
+        memcpy(frameBuffer, dmaBuffer, maxAddr);
+        assert(!readEvent.scheduled());
+
+        DPRINTF(PL111, "-- write out frame buffer into bmp\n");
+        writeBMP(frameBuffer);
+
+        DPRINTF(PL111, "-- schedule next dma read event at %d tick \n",
+                maxFrameTime + curTick);
+        schedule(readEvent, nextCycle(startTime + maxFrameTime));
+    }
+
+    if (dmaPendingNum > (maxOutstandingDma - waterMark))
+        return;
+
+    if (!fillFifoEvent.scheduled())
+        schedule(fillFifoEvent, nextCycle());
+
+}
+
+Tick
+Pl111::nextCycle()
+{
+    Tick nextTick = curTick + clock - 1;
+    nextTick -= nextTick%clock;
+    return nextTick;
+}
+
+Tick
+Pl111::nextCycle(Tick beginTick)
+{
+    Tick nextTick = beginTick;
+    if (nextTick%clock!=0)
+        nextTick = nextTick - (nextTick%clock) + clock;
+
+    assert(nextTick >= curTick);
+    return nextTick;
+}
+
+// write out the frame buffer into a bitmap file
+void
+Pl111::writeBMP(uint32_t* frameBuffer)
+{
+    fstream pic;
+
+    // write out bmp head
+    std::string filename = "./m5out/frameBuffer.bmp";
+    pic.open(filename.c_str(), ios::out|ios::binary);
+    Bitmap bm(pic, height, width);
+
+    DPRINTF(PL111, "-- write out data into bmp\n");
+
+    // write out frame buffer data
+    for (int i = height -1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        for (int j = 0; j< width; ++j) {
+            uint32_t pixel = frameBuffer[i*width + j];
+            pic.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&pixel),
+                      sizeof(uint32_t));
+            DPRINTF(PL111, " write pixel data  %#x at addr %#x\n",
+                    pixel, i*width + j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pic.close();
+}
+
+void
+Pl111::serialize(std::ostream &os)
+{
+    DPRINTF(PL111, "Serializing ARM PL111\n");
+
+    uint32_t lcdTiming0_serial = lcdTiming0;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming0_serial);
+
+    uint32_t lcdTiming1_serial = lcdTiming1;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming1_serial);
+
+    uint32_t lcdTiming2_serial = lcdTiming2;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming2_serial);
+
+    uint32_t lcdTiming3_serial = lcdTiming3;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming3_serial);
+
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdUpbase);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdLpbase);
+
+    uint32_t lcdControl_serial = lcdControl;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdControl_serial);
+
+    uint8_t lcdImsc_serial = lcdImsc;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdImsc_serial);
+
+    uint8_t lcdRis_serial = lcdRis;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdRis_serial);
+
+    uint8_t lcdMis_serial = lcdMis;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdMis_serial);
+
+    uint8_t lcdIcr_serial = lcdIcr;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdIcr_serial);
+
+    SERIALIZE_ARRAY(lcdPalette, LcdPaletteSize);
+    SERIALIZE_ARRAY(cursorImage, CrsrImageSize);
+
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrCtrl);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrConfig);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrPalette0);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrPalette1);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrXY);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrClip);
+
+    uint8_t clcdCrsrImsc_serial = clcdCrsrImsc;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrImsc_serial);
+
+    uint8_t clcdCrsrIcr_serial = clcdCrsrIcr;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrIcr_serial);
+
+    uint8_t clcdCrsrRis_serial = clcdCrsrRis;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrRis_serial);
+
+    uint8_t clcdCrsrMis_serial = clcdCrsrMis;
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrMis_serial);
+
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clock);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(height);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(width);
+
+    SERIALIZE_ARRAY(dmaBuffer, height*width);
+    SERIALIZE_ARRAY(frameBuffer, height*width);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(startTime);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(startAddr);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(maxAddr);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(curAddr);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(waterMark);
+    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(dmaPendingNum);
+}
+
+void
+Pl111::unserialize(Checkpoint *cp, const std::string &section)
+{
+    DPRINTF(PL111, "Unserializing ARM PL111\n");
+
+    uint32_t lcdTiming0_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming0_serial);
+    lcdTiming0 = lcdTiming0_serial;
+
+    uint32_t lcdTiming1_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming1_serial);
+    lcdTiming1 = lcdTiming1_serial;
+
+    uint32_t lcdTiming2_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming2_serial);
+    lcdTiming2 = lcdTiming2_serial;
+
+    uint32_t lcdTiming3_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming3_serial);
+    lcdTiming3 = lcdTiming3_serial;
+
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdUpbase);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdLpbase);
+
+    uint32_t lcdControl_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdControl_serial);
+    lcdControl = lcdControl_serial;
+
+    uint8_t lcdImsc_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdImsc_serial);
+    lcdImsc = lcdImsc_serial;
+
+    uint8_t lcdRis_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdRis_serial);
+    lcdRis = lcdRis_serial;
+
+    uint8_t lcdMis_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdMis_serial);
+    lcdMis = lcdMis_serial;
+
+    uint8_t lcdIcr_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdIcr_serial);
+    lcdIcr = lcdIcr_serial;
+
+    UNSERIALIZE_ARRAY(lcdPalette, LcdPaletteSize);
+    UNSERIALIZE_ARRAY(cursorImage, CrsrImageSize);
+
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrCtrl);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrConfig);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrPalette0);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrPalette1);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrXY);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrClip);
+
+    uint8_t clcdCrsrImsc_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrImsc_serial);
+    clcdCrsrImsc = clcdCrsrImsc_serial;
+
+    uint8_t clcdCrsrIcr_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrIcr_serial);
+    clcdCrsrIcr = clcdCrsrIcr_serial;
+
+    uint8_t clcdCrsrRis_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrRis_serial);
+    clcdCrsrRis = clcdCrsrRis_serial;
+
+    uint8_t clcdCrsrMis_serial;
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrMis_serial);
+    clcdCrsrMis = clcdCrsrMis_serial;
+
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clock);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(height);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(width);
+
+    UNSERIALIZE_ARRAY(dmaBuffer, height*width);
+    UNSERIALIZE_ARRAY(frameBuffer, height*width);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(startTime);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(startAddr);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(maxAddr);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(curAddr);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(waterMark);
+    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(dmaPendingNum);
+}
+
+void
+Pl111::generateInterrupt()
+{
+    DPRINTF(PL111, "Generate Interrupt: lcdImsc=0x%x lcdRis=0x%x lcdMis=0x%x\n",
+            lcdImsc, lcdRis, lcdMis);
+    lcdMis = lcdImsc & lcdRis;
+
+    if (lcdMis.ffufie || lcdMis.nbupie || lcdMis.vtcpie || lcdMis.ahmeie) {
+        gic->sendInt(intNum);
+        DPRINTF(PL111, " -- Generated\n");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Pl111::addressRanges(AddrRangeList& range_list)
+{
+    range_list.clear();
+    range_list.push_back(RangeSize(pioAddr, pioSize));
+}
+
+Pl111 *
+Pl111Params::create()
+{
+    return new Pl111(this);
+}
+
+// bitmap class ctor
+Bitmap::Bitmap(std::fstream& bmp, uint16_t h, uint16_t w)
+{
+    Magic  magic  = {{'B','M'}};
+    Header header = {sizeof(Color)*w*h , 0, 0, 54};
+    Info   info   = {sizeof(Info), w, h, 1, sizeof(Color)*8, 0,
+                     ( sizeof(Color) *(w*h) ), 1, 1, 0, 0};
+
+    bmp.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&magic),  sizeof(magic));
+    bmp.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&header), sizeof(header));
+    bmp.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&info),   sizeof(info));
+}