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diff --git a/ext/pybind11/tests/test_copy_move.cpp b/ext/pybind11/tests/test_copy_move.cpp
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+/*
+ tests/test_copy_move_policies.cpp -- 'copy' and 'move' return value policies
+ and related tests
+
+ Copyright (c) 2016 Ben North <ben@redfrontdoor.org>
+
+ All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+ BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#include "pybind11_tests.h"
+#include "constructor_stats.h"
+#include <pybind11/stl.h>
+
+template <typename derived>
+struct empty {
+ static const derived& get_one() { return instance_; }
+ static derived instance_;
+};
+
+struct lacking_copy_ctor : public empty<lacking_copy_ctor> {
+ lacking_copy_ctor() {}
+ lacking_copy_ctor(const lacking_copy_ctor& other) = delete;
+};
+
+template <> lacking_copy_ctor empty<lacking_copy_ctor>::instance_ = {};
+
+struct lacking_move_ctor : public empty<lacking_move_ctor> {
+ lacking_move_ctor() {}
+ lacking_move_ctor(const lacking_move_ctor& other) = delete;
+ lacking_move_ctor(lacking_move_ctor&& other) = delete;
+};
+
+template <> lacking_move_ctor empty<lacking_move_ctor>::instance_ = {};
+
+/* Custom type caster move/copy test classes */
+class MoveOnlyInt {
+public:
+ MoveOnlyInt() { print_default_created(this); }
+ MoveOnlyInt(int v) : value{std::move(v)} { print_created(this, value); }
+ MoveOnlyInt(MoveOnlyInt &&m) { print_move_created(this, m.value); std::swap(value, m.value); }
+ MoveOnlyInt &operator=(MoveOnlyInt &&m) { print_move_assigned(this, m.value); std::swap(value, m.value); return *this; }
+ MoveOnlyInt(const MoveOnlyInt &) = delete;
+ MoveOnlyInt &operator=(const MoveOnlyInt &) = delete;
+ ~MoveOnlyInt() { print_destroyed(this); }
+
+ int value;
+};
+class MoveOrCopyInt {
+public:
+ MoveOrCopyInt() { print_default_created(this); }
+ MoveOrCopyInt(int v) : value{std::move(v)} { print_created(this, value); }
+ MoveOrCopyInt(MoveOrCopyInt &&m) { print_move_created(this, m.value); std::swap(value, m.value); }
+ MoveOrCopyInt &operator=(MoveOrCopyInt &&m) { print_move_assigned(this, m.value); std::swap(value, m.value); return *this; }
+ MoveOrCopyInt(const MoveOrCopyInt &c) { print_copy_created(this, c.value); value = c.value; }
+ MoveOrCopyInt &operator=(const MoveOrCopyInt &c) { print_copy_assigned(this, c.value); value = c.value; return *this; }
+ ~MoveOrCopyInt() { print_destroyed(this); }
+
+ int value;
+};
+class CopyOnlyInt {
+public:
+ CopyOnlyInt() { print_default_created(this); }
+ CopyOnlyInt(int v) : value{std::move(v)} { print_created(this, value); }
+ CopyOnlyInt(const CopyOnlyInt &c) { print_copy_created(this, c.value); value = c.value; }
+ CopyOnlyInt &operator=(const CopyOnlyInt &c) { print_copy_assigned(this, c.value); value = c.value; return *this; }
+ ~CopyOnlyInt() { print_destroyed(this); }
+
+ int value;
+};
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+template <> struct type_caster<MoveOnlyInt> {
+ PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(MoveOnlyInt, _("MoveOnlyInt"));
+ bool load(handle src, bool) { value = MoveOnlyInt(src.cast<int>()); return true; }
+ static handle cast(const MoveOnlyInt &m, return_value_policy r, handle p) { return pybind11::cast(m.value, r, p); }
+};
+
+template <> struct type_caster<MoveOrCopyInt> {
+ PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(MoveOrCopyInt, _("MoveOrCopyInt"));
+ bool load(handle src, bool) { value = MoveOrCopyInt(src.cast<int>()); return true; }
+ static handle cast(const MoveOrCopyInt &m, return_value_policy r, handle p) { return pybind11::cast(m.value, r, p); }
+};
+
+template <> struct type_caster<CopyOnlyInt> {
+protected:
+ CopyOnlyInt value;
+public:
+ static PYBIND11_DESCR name() { return _("CopyOnlyInt"); }
+ bool load(handle src, bool) { value = CopyOnlyInt(src.cast<int>()); return true; }
+ static handle cast(const CopyOnlyInt &m, return_value_policy r, handle p) { return pybind11::cast(m.value, r, p); }
+ static handle cast(const CopyOnlyInt *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+ if (!src) return none().release();
+ return cast(*src, policy, parent);
+ }
+ operator CopyOnlyInt*() { return &value; }
+ operator CopyOnlyInt&() { return value; }
+ template <typename T> using cast_op_type = pybind11::detail::cast_op_type<T>;
+};
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)
+
+TEST_SUBMODULE(copy_move_policies, m) {
+ // test_lacking_copy_ctor
+ py::class_<lacking_copy_ctor>(m, "lacking_copy_ctor")
+ .def_static("get_one", &lacking_copy_ctor::get_one,
+ py::return_value_policy::copy);
+ // test_lacking_move_ctor
+ py::class_<lacking_move_ctor>(m, "lacking_move_ctor")
+ .def_static("get_one", &lacking_move_ctor::get_one,
+ py::return_value_policy::move);
+
+ // test_move_and_copy_casts
+ m.def("move_and_copy_casts", [](py::object o) {
+ int r = 0;
+ r += py::cast<MoveOrCopyInt>(o).value; /* moves */
+ r += py::cast<MoveOnlyInt>(o).value; /* moves */
+ r += py::cast<CopyOnlyInt>(o).value; /* copies */
+ MoveOrCopyInt m1(py::cast<MoveOrCopyInt>(o)); /* moves */
+ MoveOnlyInt m2(py::cast<MoveOnlyInt>(o)); /* moves */
+ CopyOnlyInt m3(py::cast<CopyOnlyInt>(o)); /* copies */
+ r += m1.value + m2.value + m3.value;
+
+ return r;
+ });
+
+ // test_move_and_copy_loads
+ m.def("move_only", [](MoveOnlyInt m) { return m.value; });
+ m.def("move_or_copy", [](MoveOrCopyInt m) { return m.value; });
+ m.def("copy_only", [](CopyOnlyInt m) { return m.value; });
+ m.def("move_pair", [](std::pair<MoveOnlyInt, MoveOrCopyInt> p) {
+ return p.first.value + p.second.value;
+ });
+ m.def("move_tuple", [](std::tuple<MoveOnlyInt, MoveOrCopyInt, MoveOnlyInt> t) {
+ return std::get<0>(t).value + std::get<1>(t).value + std::get<2>(t).value;
+ });
+ m.def("copy_tuple", [](std::tuple<CopyOnlyInt, CopyOnlyInt> t) {
+ return std::get<0>(t).value + std::get<1>(t).value;
+ });
+ m.def("move_copy_nested", [](std::pair<MoveOnlyInt, std::pair<std::tuple<MoveOrCopyInt, CopyOnlyInt, std::tuple<MoveOnlyInt>>, MoveOrCopyInt>> x) {
+ return x.first.value + std::get<0>(x.second.first).value + std::get<1>(x.second.first).value +
+ std::get<0>(std::get<2>(x.second.first)).value + x.second.second.value;
+ });
+ m.def("move_and_copy_cstats", []() {
+ ConstructorStats::gc();
+ // Reset counts to 0 so that previous tests don't affect later ones:
+ auto &mc = ConstructorStats::get<MoveOrCopyInt>();
+ mc.move_assignments = mc.move_constructions = mc.copy_assignments = mc.copy_constructions = 0;
+ auto &mo = ConstructorStats::get<MoveOnlyInt>();
+ mo.move_assignments = mo.move_constructions = mo.copy_assignments = mo.copy_constructions = 0;
+ auto &co = ConstructorStats::get<CopyOnlyInt>();
+ co.move_assignments = co.move_constructions = co.copy_assignments = co.copy_constructions = 0;
+ py::dict d;
+ d["MoveOrCopyInt"] = py::cast(mc, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+ d["MoveOnlyInt"] = py::cast(mo, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+ d["CopyOnlyInt"] = py::cast(co, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+ return d;
+ });
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL
+ // test_move_and_copy_load_optional
+ m.attr("has_optional") = true;
+ m.def("move_optional", [](std::optional<MoveOnlyInt> o) {
+ return o->value;
+ });
+ m.def("move_or_copy_optional", [](std::optional<MoveOrCopyInt> o) {
+ return o->value;
+ });
+ m.def("copy_optional", [](std::optional<CopyOnlyInt> o) {
+ return o->value;
+ });
+ m.def("move_optional_tuple", [](std::optional<std::tuple<MoveOrCopyInt, MoveOnlyInt, CopyOnlyInt>> x) {
+ return std::get<0>(*x).value + std::get<1>(*x).value + std::get<2>(*x).value;
+ });
+#else
+ m.attr("has_optional") = false;
+#endif
+
+ // #70 compilation issue if operator new is not public
+ struct PrivateOpNew {
+ int value = 1;
+ private:
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+# pragma warning(disable: 4822) // warning C4822: local class member function does not have a body
+#endif
+ void *operator new(size_t bytes);
+ };
+ py::class_<PrivateOpNew>(m, "PrivateOpNew").def_readonly("value", &PrivateOpNew::value);
+ m.def("private_op_new_value", []() { return PrivateOpNew(); });
+ m.def("private_op_new_reference", []() -> const PrivateOpNew & {
+ static PrivateOpNew x{};
+ return x;
+ }, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+
+ // test_move_fallback
+ // #389: rvp::move should fall-through to copy on non-movable objects
+ struct MoveIssue1 {
+ int v;
+ MoveIssue1(int v) : v{v} {}
+ MoveIssue1(const MoveIssue1 &c) = default;
+ MoveIssue1(MoveIssue1 &&) = delete;
+ };
+ py::class_<MoveIssue1>(m, "MoveIssue1").def(py::init<int>()).def_readwrite("value", &MoveIssue1::v);
+
+ struct MoveIssue2 {
+ int v;
+ MoveIssue2(int v) : v{v} {}
+ MoveIssue2(MoveIssue2 &&) = default;
+ };
+ py::class_<MoveIssue2>(m, "MoveIssue2").def(py::init<int>()).def_readwrite("value", &MoveIssue2::v);
+
+ m.def("get_moveissue1", [](int i) { return new MoveIssue1(i); }, py::return_value_policy::move);
+ m.def("get_moveissue2", [](int i) { return MoveIssue2(i); }, py::return_value_policy::move);
+}