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keep stats for int/float reg file usage instead
of aggregating across reg file types
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Architectures like SPARC need to read the window pointer
in order to figure out it's register dependence. However,
this may not get updated until after an instruction gets
executed, so now we lazily detect the register dependence
in the EXE stage (execution unit or use_def). This
makes sure we get the mapping after the most current change.
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provide a sanity check for someone coding
a new architecture
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call trap function when a fault is received
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clean up control flow to make it easier to understand
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- also use "threadId()" instead of readTid() everywhere
- this will help support more complex ISA indexing
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At the same time, rename the trace flags to debug flags since they
have broader usage than simply tracing. This means that
--trace-flags is now --debug-flags and --trace-help is now --debug-help
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Because int and not InstSeqNum was used in a couple of places, you can
overflow the int type and thus get wierd bugs when the sequence number
is negative (or some wierd value)
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-use a pointer to CacheReqPacket instead of PacketPtr so correct destructors
get called on packet deletion
- make sure to delete the packet if the cache blocks the sendTiming request
or for some reason we dont use the packet
- dont overwrite memory requests since in the worst case an instruction will
be replaying a request so no need to keep allocating a new request
- we dont use retryPkt so delete it
- fetch code was split out already, so just assert that this is a memory
reference inst. and that the staticInst is available
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make sure instructions are able to commit before writing back to the RF
do not commit more than 1 non-speculative instruction per cycle
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keep track of when an instruction needs the execution
behind it to be serialized. Without this, in SE Mode
instructions can execute behind a system call exit().
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---
need to delete the cache request's data on clearRequest() now that we are recycling
requests
---
fetch unit needs to deallocate the fetch buffer blocks when they are replaced or
squashed.
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if a resource has a zero cycle latency (e.g. RegFile write), then dont allocate an event
for it to use
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formerly, to free up bandwidth in a resource, we could just change the pointer in that resource
but at the same time the pipeline stages had visibility to see what happened to a resource request.
Now that we are recycling these requests (to avoid too much dynamic allocation), we can't throw
away the request too early or the pipeline stage gets bad information. Instead, mark when a request
is done with the resource all together and then let the pipeline stage call back to the resource
that it's time to free up the bandwidth for more instructions
*** inteface notes ***
- When an instruction completes and is done in a resource for that cycle, call done()
- When an instruction fails and is done with a resource for that cycle, call done(false)
- When an instruction completes, but isnt finished with a resource, call completed()
- When an instruction fails, but isnt finished with a resource, call completed(false)
* * *
inorder: tlbmiss wakeup bug fix
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take away all instances of reqMap in the code and make all references use the built-in
request vectors inside of each resource. The request map was dynamically allocating
a request per instruction. The request vector just allocates N number of requests
during instantiation and then the surrounding code is fixed up to reuse those N requests
***
setRequest() and clearRequest() are the new accessors needed to define a new
request in a resource
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we are going to be getting away from creating new resource requests for every
instruction so no more need to keep track of a reqRemoveList and clean it up
every tick
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first change in an optimization that will stop InOrder from allocating new memory for every instruction's
request to a resource. This gets expensive since every instruction needs to access ~10 requests before
graduation. Instead, the plan is to allocate just enough resource request objects to satisfy each resource's
bandwidth (e.g. the execution unit would need to allocate 3 resource request objects for a 1-issue pipeline
since on any given cycle it could have 2 read requests and 1 write request) and then let the instructions
contend and reuse those allocated requests. The end result is a smaller memory footprint for the InOrder model
and increased simulation performance
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remove remnants of old way of instruction scheduling which dynamically allocated
a new resource schedule for every instruction
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allow the pipeline and resources to use the cached instruction schedule and resource
sked iterator
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inst_buffer file isn't used , so remove it
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Maintain all information about an instruction's fault in the DynInst object rather
than any cpu-request object. Also, if there is a fault during the execution stage
then just save the fault inside the instruction and trap once the instruction
tries to graduate
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not taken delay slots were not being advanced correctly to pc+8, so for those ISAs
we 'advance()' the pcstate one more time for the desired effect
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Give fetch unit it's own parameterizable fetch buffer to read from. Very inefficient
(architecturally and in simulation) to continually fetch at the granularity of the
wordsize. As expected, the number of fetch memory requests drops dramatically
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no need to have separate function name findSplitRequest, just overload the function
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instead of having one cache-unit class be responsible for both data and code
accesses, separate code that is just for fetch in it's own derived class off the
original base class. This makes the code easier to manage as well as handle
future cases of special fetch handling
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set the request to false when the cache port blocks so we dont deadlock.
also, comment out the outstanding address list sanity check for now.
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Only execute (resolve) one branch per cycle because handling more than one is
a little more complicated
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This step makes it easy to replace the accessor functions
(which still access a global variable) with ones that access
per-thread curTick values.
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This change modifies the way prefetches work. They are now like normal loads
that don't writeback a register. Previously prefetches were supposed to call
prefetch() on the exection context, so they executed with execute() methods
instead of initiateAcc() completeAcc(). The prefetch() methods for all the CPUs
are blank, meaning that they get executed, but don't actually do anything.
On Alpha dead cache copy code was removed and prefetches are now normal ops.
They count as executed operations, but still don't do anything and IsMemRef is
not longer set on them.
On ARM IsDataPrefetch or IsInstructionPreftech is now set on all prefetch
instructions. The timing simple CPU doesn't try to do anything special for
prefetches now and they execute with the normal memory code path.
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This change is a low level and pervasive reorganization of how PCs are managed
in M5. Back when Alpha was the only ISA, there were only 2 PCs to worry about,
the PC and the NPC, and the lsb of the PC signaled whether or not you were in
PAL mode. As other ISAs were added, we had to add an NNPC, micro PC and next
micropc, x86 and ARM introduced variable length instruction sets, and ARM
started to keep track of mode bits in the PC. Each CPU model handled PCs in
its own custom way that needed to be updated individually to handle the new
dimensions of variability, or, in the case of ARMs mode-bit-in-the-pc hack,
the complexity could be hidden in the ISA at the ISA implementation's expense.
Areas like the branch predictor hadn't been updated to handle branch delay
slots or micropcs, and it turns out that had introduced a significant (10s of
percent) performance bug in SPARC and to a lesser extend MIPS. Rather than
perpetuate the problem by reworking O3 again to handle the PC features needed
by x86, this change was introduced to rework PC handling in a more modular,
transparent, and hopefully efficient way.
PC type:
Rather than having the superset of all possible elements of PC state declared
in each of the CPU models, each ISA defines its own PCState type which has
exactly the elements it needs. A cross product of canned PCState classes are
defined in the new "generic" ISA directory for ISAs with/without delay slots
and microcode. These are either typedef-ed or subclassed by each ISA. To read
or write this structure through a *Context, you use the new pcState() accessor
which reads or writes depending on whether it has an argument. If you just
want the address of the current or next instruction or the current micro PC,
you can get those through read-only accessors on either the PCState type or
the *Contexts. These are instAddr(), nextInstAddr(), and microPC(). Note the
move away from readPC. That name is ambiguous since it's not clear whether or
not it should be the actual address to fetch from, or if it should have extra
bits in it like the PAL mode bit. Each class is free to define its own
functions to get at whatever values it needs however it needs to to be used in
ISA specific code. Eventually Alpha's PAL mode bit could be moved out of the
PC and into a separate field like ARM.
These types can be reset to a particular pc (where npc = pc +
sizeof(MachInst), nnpc = npc + sizeof(MachInst), upc = 0, nupc = 1 as
appropriate), printed, serialized, and compared. There is a branching()
function which encapsulates code in the CPU models that checked if an
instruction branched or not. Exactly what that means in the context of branch
delay slots which can skip an instruction when not taken is ambiguous, and
ideally this function and its uses can be eliminated. PCStates also generally
know how to advance themselves in various ways depending on if they point at
an instruction, a microop, or the last microop of a macroop. More on that
later.
Ideally, accessing all the PCs at once when setting them will improve
performance of M5 even though more data needs to be moved around. This is
because often all the PCs need to be manipulated together, and by getting them
all at once you avoid multiple function calls. Also, the PCs of a particular
thread will have spatial locality in the cache. Previously they were grouped
by element in arrays which spread out accesses.
Advancing the PC:
The PCs were previously managed entirely by the CPU which had to know about PC
semantics, try to figure out which dimension to increment the PC in, what to
set NPC/NNPC, etc. These decisions are best left to the ISA in conjunction
with the PC type itself. Because most of the information about how to
increment the PC (mainly what type of instruction it refers to) is contained
in the instruction object, a new advancePC virtual function was added to the
StaticInst class. Subclasses provide an implementation that moves around the
right element of the PC with a minimal amount of decision making. In ISAs like
Alpha, the instructions always simply assign NPC to PC without having to worry
about micropcs, nnpcs, etc. The added cost of a virtual function call should
be outweighed by not having to figure out as much about what to do with the
PCs and mucking around with the extra elements.
One drawback of making the StaticInsts advance the PC is that you have to
actually have one to advance the PC. This would, superficially, seem to
require decoding an instruction before fetch could advance. This is, as far as
I can tell, realistic. fetch would advance through memory addresses, not PCs,
perhaps predicting new memory addresses using existing ones. More
sophisticated decisions about control flow would be made later on, after the
instruction was decoded, and handed back to fetch. If branching needs to
happen, some amount of decoding needs to happen to see that it's a branch,
what the target is, etc. This could get a little more complicated if that gets
done by the predecoder, but I'm choosing to ignore that for now.
Variable length instructions:
To handle variable length instructions in x86 and ARM, the predecoder now
takes in the current PC by reference to the getExtMachInst function. It can
modify the PC however it needs to (by setting NPC to be the PC + instruction
length, for instance). This could be improved since the CPU doesn't know if
the PC was modified and always has to write it back.
ISA parser:
To support the new API, all PC related operand types were removed from the
parser and replaced with a PCState type. There are two warts on this
implementation. First, as with all the other operand types, the PCState still
has to have a valid operand type even though it doesn't use it. Second, using
syntax like PCS.npc(target) doesn't work for two reasons, this looks like the
syntax for operand type overriding, and the parser can't figure out if you're
reading or writing. Instructions that use the PCS operand (which I've
consistently called it) need to first read it into a local variable,
manipulate it, and then write it back out.
Return address stack:
The return address stack needed a little extra help because, in the presence
of branch delay slots, it has to merge together elements of the return PC and
the call PC. To handle that, a buildRetPC utility function was added. There
are basically only two versions in all the ISAs, but it didn't seem short
enough to put into the generic ISA directory. Also, the branch predictor code
in O3 and InOrder were adjusted so that they always store the PC of the actual
call instruction in the RAS, not the next PC. If the call instruction is a
microop, the next PC refers to the next microop in the same macroop which is
probably not desirable. The buildRetPC function advances the PC intelligently
to the next macroop (in an ISA specific way) so that that case works.
Change in stats:
There were no change in stats except in MIPS and SPARC in the O3 model. MIPS
runs in about 9% fewer ticks. SPARC runs with 30%-50% fewer ticks, which could
likely be improved further by setting call/return instruction flags and taking
advantage of the RAS.
TODO:
Add != operators to the PCState classes, defined trivially to be !(a==b).
Smooth out places where PCs are split apart, passed around, and put back
together later. I think this might happen in SPARC's fault code. Add ISA
specific constructors that allow setting PC elements without calling a bunch
of accessors. Try to eliminate the need for the branching() function. Factor
out Alpha's PAL mode pc bit into a separate flag field, and eliminate places
where it's blindly masked out or tested in the PC.
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Also move the "Fault" reference counted pointer type into a separate file,
sim/fault.hh. It would be better to name this less similarly to sim/faults.hh
to reduce confusion, but fault.hh matches the name of the type. We could change
Fault to FaultPtr to match other pointer types, and then changing the name of
the file would make more sense.
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printMemData is only used in DPRINTFs. If those are removed by compiling
m5.fast, that function is unused, gcc generates a warning, that gets turned
into an error, and the build fails. This change surrounds the function
definition with #if TRACING_ON so it only gets compiled in if the DPRINTFs do
to.
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the nextPC was getting sent to the branch predictor not the current PC, so
the RAS was returning the wrong PC and mispredicting everything.
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remove the annotation 'virtual' from function declaration that isnt being derived from
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this applies to multithreading models which would like to squash a thread on memory stall
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- use InOrderBPred instead of Resource for DPRINTFs
- account for DELAY SLOT in updating RAS and in squashing
- don't let squashed instructions update the predictor
- the BTB needs to use the ASID not the TID to work for multithreaded programs
- add stats for BTB hits
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also, remove inst-req stats as default.good for debugging
but in terms of pure processor stats they aren't useful
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when insts execute, they mark the time they finish to be used for subsequent isnts
they may need forwarding of data. However, the regdepmap was using the wrong
value to index into the destination operands of the instruction to be forwarded.
Thus, in some cases, we are checking to see if the 3rd destination register
for an instruction is executed at a certain time, when there is only 1 dest. register
valid. Thus, we get a bad, uninitialized time value that will stall forwarding
causing performance loss but still the correct execution.
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Accessing traceData (to call setAddress() and/or setData())
after initiating a timing translation was causing crashes,
since a failed translation could delete the traceData
object before returning.
It turns out that there was never a need to access traceData
after initiating the translation, as the traced data was
always available earlier; this ordering was merely
historical. Furthermore, traceData->setAddress() and
traceData->setData() were being called both from the CPU
model and the ISA definition, often redundantly.
This patch standardizes all setAddress and setData calls
for memory instructions to be in the CPU models and not
in the ISA definition. It also moves those calls above
the translation calls to eliminate the crashes.
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