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The o3 pipeline interlock/stall logic is incorrect. o3 unnecessicarily stalled
fetch and decode due to later stages in the pipeline. In general, a stage
should usually only consider if it is stalled by the adjacent, downstream stage.
Forcing stalls due to later stages creates and results in bubbles in the
pipeline. Additionally, o3 stalled the entire frontend (fetch, decode, rename)
on a branch mispredict while the ROB is being serially walked to update the
RAT (robSquashing). Only should have stalled at rename.
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Check for free entries in Load Queue and Store Queue separately to
avoid cases when load cannot be renamed due to full Store Queue and
vice versa.
This work was done while Binh was an intern at AMD Research.
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O3CPU has a compile-time maximum width set in o3/impl.hh, but checking
the configuration against this limit was not implemented anywhere
except for fetch. Configuring a wider pipe than the limit can silently
cause various issues during the simulation. This patch adds the proper
checking in the constructor of the various pipeline stages.
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Add a third register class for condition codes,
in parallel with the integer and FP classes.
No ISAs use the CC class at this point though.
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Restructured rename map and free list to clean up some
extraneous code and separate out common code that can
be reused across different register classes (int and fp
at this point). Both components now consist of a set
of Simple* objects that are stand-alone rename map &
free list for each class, plus a Unified* object that
presents a unified interface across all register
classes and then redirects accesses to the appropriate
Simple* object as needed.
Moved free list initialization to PhysRegFile to better
isolate knowledge of physical register index mappings
to that class (and remove the need to pass a number
of parameters to the free list constructor).
Causes a small change to these stats:
cpu.rename.int_rename_lookups
cpu.rename.fp_rename_lookups
because they are now categorized on a per-operand basis
rather than a per-instruction basis.
That is, an instruction with mixed fp/int/misc operand
types will have each operand categorized independently,
where previously the lookup was categorized based on
the instruction type.
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Make these names more meaningful.
Specifically, made these substitutions:
s/FP_Base_DepTag/FP_Reg_Base/g;
s/Ctrl_Base_DepTag/Misc_Reg_Base/g;
s/Max_DepTag/Max_Reg_Index/g;
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It had a bunch of fields (and associated constructor
parameters) thet it didn't really use, and the array
initialization was needlessly verbose.
Also just hardwired the getReg() method to aleays
return true for misc regs, rather than having an array
of bits that we always kept marked as ready.
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Move from a poorly documented scheme where the mapping
of unified architectural register indices to register
classes is hardcoded all over to one where there's an
enum for the register classes and a function that
encapsulates the mapping.
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The rename can mis-handle serializing instructions (i.e. strex) if it gets
into a resource constrained situation and the serializing instruction has
to be placed on the skid buffer to handle blocking. In this situation the
instruction informs the pipeline it is serializing and logs that the next
instruction must be serialized, but since we are blocking the pipeline
defers this action to place the serializing instruction and
incoming instructions into the skid buffer. When resuming from blocking,
rename will pull the serializing instruction from the skid buffer and
the current logic will see this as the "next" instruction that has to
be serialized and because of flags set on the serializing instruction,
it passes through the pipeline stage as normal and resets rename to
non-serializing. This causes instructions to follow the serializing inst
incorrectly and eventually leads to an error in the pipeline. To fix this
rename should check first if it has to block before checking for serializing
instructions.
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Fixes the tick used from rename:
- previously this gathered the tick on leaving rename which was always 1 less
than the dispatch. This conflated the decode ticks when back pressure built
in the pipeline.
- now picks up tick on entry.
Added --store_completions flag:
- will additionally display the store completion tail in the viewer.
- this highlights periods when large numbers of stores are outstanding (>16 LSQ
blocking)
Allows selection by tick range (previously this caused an infinite loop)
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Previously, the O3 CPU could stop in the middle of a microcode
sequence. This patch makes sure that the pipeline stops when it has
committed a normal instruction or exited from a microcode
sequence. Additionally, it makes sure that the pipeline has no
instructions in flight when it is drained, which should make draining
more robust.
Draining is controlled in the commit stage, which checks if the next
PC after a committed instruction is in microcode. If this isn't the
case, it requests a squash of all instructions after that the
instruction that just committed and immediately signals a drain stall
to the fetch stage. The CPU then continues to execute until the
pipeline and all associated buffers are empty.
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The entire O3 pipeline used to be initialized from init(), which is
called before initState() or unserialize(). This causes the pipeline
to be initialized from an incorrect thread context. This doesn't
currently lead to correctness problems as instructions fetched from
the incorrect start PC will be squashed a few cycles after
initialization.
This patch will affect the regressions since the O3 CPU now issues its
first instruction fetch to the correct PC instead of 0x0.
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DynInst is extremely large the hope is that this re-organization will put the
most used members close to each other.
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And by "everything" I mean all the quick regressions.
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Implemented a pipeline activity viewer as a python script (util/o3-pipeview.py)
and modified O3 code base to support an extra trace flag (O3PipeView) for
generating traces to be used as inputs by the tool.
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At the same time, rename the trace flags to debug flags since they
have broader usage than simply tracing. This means that
--trace-flags is now --debug-flags and --trace-help is now --debug-help
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Updated patches from Rick Strong's set that modify performance counters for
McPAT
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I'm not positive this is the correct fix, but it's working right now.
Either we need to do something like this, prevent the misc reg from being renamed at all,
or there something else going on. We need to find the root cause as to why
this is only a problem sometimes.
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This change makes O3 flatten floating point destination registers, and also
fixes misc register flattening so that it's correctly repositioned relative to
the resized regions for integer and floating point indices.
It also fixes some overly long lines.
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This change is a low level and pervasive reorganization of how PCs are managed
in M5. Back when Alpha was the only ISA, there were only 2 PCs to worry about,
the PC and the NPC, and the lsb of the PC signaled whether or not you were in
PAL mode. As other ISAs were added, we had to add an NNPC, micro PC and next
micropc, x86 and ARM introduced variable length instruction sets, and ARM
started to keep track of mode bits in the PC. Each CPU model handled PCs in
its own custom way that needed to be updated individually to handle the new
dimensions of variability, or, in the case of ARMs mode-bit-in-the-pc hack,
the complexity could be hidden in the ISA at the ISA implementation's expense.
Areas like the branch predictor hadn't been updated to handle branch delay
slots or micropcs, and it turns out that had introduced a significant (10s of
percent) performance bug in SPARC and to a lesser extend MIPS. Rather than
perpetuate the problem by reworking O3 again to handle the PC features needed
by x86, this change was introduced to rework PC handling in a more modular,
transparent, and hopefully efficient way.
PC type:
Rather than having the superset of all possible elements of PC state declared
in each of the CPU models, each ISA defines its own PCState type which has
exactly the elements it needs. A cross product of canned PCState classes are
defined in the new "generic" ISA directory for ISAs with/without delay slots
and microcode. These are either typedef-ed or subclassed by each ISA. To read
or write this structure through a *Context, you use the new pcState() accessor
which reads or writes depending on whether it has an argument. If you just
want the address of the current or next instruction or the current micro PC,
you can get those through read-only accessors on either the PCState type or
the *Contexts. These are instAddr(), nextInstAddr(), and microPC(). Note the
move away from readPC. That name is ambiguous since it's not clear whether or
not it should be the actual address to fetch from, or if it should have extra
bits in it like the PAL mode bit. Each class is free to define its own
functions to get at whatever values it needs however it needs to to be used in
ISA specific code. Eventually Alpha's PAL mode bit could be moved out of the
PC and into a separate field like ARM.
These types can be reset to a particular pc (where npc = pc +
sizeof(MachInst), nnpc = npc + sizeof(MachInst), upc = 0, nupc = 1 as
appropriate), printed, serialized, and compared. There is a branching()
function which encapsulates code in the CPU models that checked if an
instruction branched or not. Exactly what that means in the context of branch
delay slots which can skip an instruction when not taken is ambiguous, and
ideally this function and its uses can be eliminated. PCStates also generally
know how to advance themselves in various ways depending on if they point at
an instruction, a microop, or the last microop of a macroop. More on that
later.
Ideally, accessing all the PCs at once when setting them will improve
performance of M5 even though more data needs to be moved around. This is
because often all the PCs need to be manipulated together, and by getting them
all at once you avoid multiple function calls. Also, the PCs of a particular
thread will have spatial locality in the cache. Previously they were grouped
by element in arrays which spread out accesses.
Advancing the PC:
The PCs were previously managed entirely by the CPU which had to know about PC
semantics, try to figure out which dimension to increment the PC in, what to
set NPC/NNPC, etc. These decisions are best left to the ISA in conjunction
with the PC type itself. Because most of the information about how to
increment the PC (mainly what type of instruction it refers to) is contained
in the instruction object, a new advancePC virtual function was added to the
StaticInst class. Subclasses provide an implementation that moves around the
right element of the PC with a minimal amount of decision making. In ISAs like
Alpha, the instructions always simply assign NPC to PC without having to worry
about micropcs, nnpcs, etc. The added cost of a virtual function call should
be outweighed by not having to figure out as much about what to do with the
PCs and mucking around with the extra elements.
One drawback of making the StaticInsts advance the PC is that you have to
actually have one to advance the PC. This would, superficially, seem to
require decoding an instruction before fetch could advance. This is, as far as
I can tell, realistic. fetch would advance through memory addresses, not PCs,
perhaps predicting new memory addresses using existing ones. More
sophisticated decisions about control flow would be made later on, after the
instruction was decoded, and handed back to fetch. If branching needs to
happen, some amount of decoding needs to happen to see that it's a branch,
what the target is, etc. This could get a little more complicated if that gets
done by the predecoder, but I'm choosing to ignore that for now.
Variable length instructions:
To handle variable length instructions in x86 and ARM, the predecoder now
takes in the current PC by reference to the getExtMachInst function. It can
modify the PC however it needs to (by setting NPC to be the PC + instruction
length, for instance). This could be improved since the CPU doesn't know if
the PC was modified and always has to write it back.
ISA parser:
To support the new API, all PC related operand types were removed from the
parser and replaced with a PCState type. There are two warts on this
implementation. First, as with all the other operand types, the PCState still
has to have a valid operand type even though it doesn't use it. Second, using
syntax like PCS.npc(target) doesn't work for two reasons, this looks like the
syntax for operand type overriding, and the parser can't figure out if you're
reading or writing. Instructions that use the PCS operand (which I've
consistently called it) need to first read it into a local variable,
manipulate it, and then write it back out.
Return address stack:
The return address stack needed a little extra help because, in the presence
of branch delay slots, it has to merge together elements of the return PC and
the call PC. To handle that, a buildRetPC utility function was added. There
are basically only two versions in all the ISAs, but it didn't seem short
enough to put into the generic ISA directory. Also, the branch predictor code
in O3 and InOrder were adjusted so that they always store the PC of the actual
call instruction in the RAS, not the next PC. If the call instruction is a
microop, the next PC refers to the next microop in the same macroop which is
probably not desirable. The buildRetPC function advances the PC intelligently
to the next macroop (in an ISA specific way) so that that case works.
Change in stats:
There were no change in stats except in MIPS and SPARC in the O3 model. MIPS
runs in about 9% fewer ticks. SPARC runs with 30%-50% fewer ticks, which could
likely be improved further by setting call/return instruction flags and taking
advantage of the RAS.
TODO:
Add != operators to the PCState classes, defined trivially to be !(a==b).
Smooth out places where PCs are split apart, passed around, and put back
together later. I think this might happen in SPARC's fault code. Add ISA
specific constructors that allow setting PC elements without calling a bunch
of accessors. Try to eliminate the need for the branching() function. Factor
out Alpha's PAL mode pc bit into a separate flag field, and eliminate places
where it's blindly masked out or tested in the PC.
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When decoding a srs instruction, invalid mode encoding returns invalid instruction.
This can happen when garbage instructions are fetched from mispredicted path
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This file is for register indices, Num* constants, and register types.
copyRegs and copyMiscRegs were moved to utility.hh and utility.cc.
--HG--
rename : src/arch/alpha/regfile.hh => src/arch/alpha/registers.hh
rename : src/arch/arm/regfile.hh => src/arch/arm/registers.hh
rename : src/arch/mips/regfile.hh => src/arch/mips/registers.hh
rename : src/arch/sparc/regfile.hh => src/arch/sparc/registers.hh
rename : src/arch/x86/regfile.hh => src/arch/x86/registers.hh
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This object encapsulates (or will eventually) the identity and characteristics
of the ISA in the CPU.
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A whole bunch of stuff has been converted to use the new params stuff, but
the CPU wasn't one of them. While we're at it, make some things a bit
more stylish. Most of the work was done by Gabe, I just cleaned stuff up
a bit more at the end.
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--HG--
extra : convert_revision : 940f92efd4a9dc59106e991cc6d9836861ab69de
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handling. Branch delay slots need to be squash on a mispredict as well because the nnpc they saw was incorrect.
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : 8b9c603616bcad254417a7a3fa3edfb4c8728719
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squashed anyway on a mispredict. This is because the NNPC value they saw when executing was incorrect.
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : b42c4eb28b4fbba66c65cbd0a5033bf886c1532d
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into zamp.eecs.umich.edu:/z/ktlim2/clean/tmp/head
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : a250eed999be9b8acd6f420fdfe8f1b02905beb1
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--HG--
extra : convert_revision : a1a218d3294515184689041487057495223360b7
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size than the architected one. Also fixed some asserts.
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : 26e7863919d1b976ba8cad747af475a6f18e9440
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functions.
src/cpu/o3/alpha/cpu_impl.hh:
Pass ISA-specific O3 CPU to FullO3CPU as a constructor parameter instead of using setCPU functions.
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : 74f4b1f5fb6f95a56081f367cce7ff44acb5688a
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The removed ones were unnecessary. The commented out ones could be useful in the future, should this problem get fixed. See flyspray task #243.
src/cpu/o3/commit_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/decode_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/fetch_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/iew_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/inst_queue_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/lsq_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/lsq_unit_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/rename_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/rob_impl.hh:
Remove/comment out DPRINTFs that were causing a segfault.
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : b5aeda1c6300dfde5e0a3e9b8c4c5f6fa00b9862
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into zower.eecs.umich.edu:/eecshome/m5/newmem
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : f4a05accb8fa24d425dd818b1b7f268378180e99
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Also don't call (*activeThreads).end() over and over. Just
call activeThreads->end() once and save the result.
Make sure we always check that there are elements in the list
before we grab the first one.
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : d769d8ed52da99532d57a9bbc93e92ddf22b7e58
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because if you don't squash -all- the instructions, you need to keep clearing out whatever is left in the skid buffer.
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : 7308eda27f4366348cf5fce71ddfa4b217bc172d
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--HG--
extra : convert_revision : 04f9131258bfb7cca1654e00273edb29bde2366b
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architectural one.
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : 757866ad7a3c8be7382e1ffa71c60bc00c861f6f
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into zamp.eecs.umich.edu:/z/ktlim2/clean/o3-merge/newmem
configs/boot/micro_memlat.rcS:
configs/boot/micro_tlblat.rcS:
src/arch/alpha/ev5.cc:
src/arch/alpha/isa/decoder.isa:
src/arch/alpha/isa_traits.hh:
src/cpu/base.cc:
src/cpu/base.hh:
src/cpu/base_dyn_inst.hh:
src/cpu/checker/cpu.hh:
src/cpu/checker/cpu_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/alpha/cpu_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/alpha/params.hh:
src/cpu/o3/checker_builder.cc:
src/cpu/o3/commit_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/cpu.cc:
src/cpu/o3/decode_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/fetch_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/iew.hh:
src/cpu/o3/iew_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/inst_queue.hh:
src/cpu/o3/lsq.hh:
src/cpu/o3/lsq_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/lsq_unit.hh:
src/cpu/o3/lsq_unit_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/regfile.hh:
src/cpu/o3/rename_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/thread_state.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/checker_builder.cc:
src/cpu/ozone/cpu.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/cpu_impl.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/front_end.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/front_end_impl.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/lw_back_end.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/lw_back_end_impl.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/lw_lsq.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/lw_lsq_impl.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/thread_state.hh:
src/cpu/simple/base.cc:
src/cpu/simple_thread.cc:
src/cpu/simple_thread.hh:
src/cpu/thread_state.hh:
src/dev/ide_disk.cc:
src/python/m5/objects/O3CPU.py:
src/python/m5/objects/Root.py:
src/python/m5/objects/System.py:
src/sim/pseudo_inst.cc:
src/sim/pseudo_inst.hh:
src/sim/system.hh:
util/m5/m5.c:
Hand merge.
--HG--
rename : arch/alpha/ev5.cc => src/arch/alpha/ev5.cc
rename : arch/alpha/freebsd/system.cc => src/arch/alpha/freebsd/system.cc
rename : arch/alpha/isa/decoder.isa => src/arch/alpha/isa/decoder.isa
rename : arch/alpha/isa/mem.isa => src/arch/alpha/isa/mem.isa
rename : arch/alpha/isa_traits.hh => src/arch/alpha/isa_traits.hh
rename : arch/alpha/linux/system.cc => src/arch/alpha/linux/system.cc
rename : arch/alpha/system.cc => src/arch/alpha/system.cc
rename : arch/alpha/tru64/system.cc => src/arch/alpha/tru64/system.cc
rename : cpu/base.cc => src/cpu/base.cc
rename : cpu/base.hh => src/cpu/base.hh
rename : cpu/base_dyn_inst.hh => src/cpu/base_dyn_inst.hh
rename : cpu/checker/cpu.hh => src/cpu/checker/cpu.hh
rename : cpu/checker/cpu.cc => src/cpu/checker/cpu_impl.hh
rename : cpu/o3/alpha_cpu_builder.cc => src/cpu/o3/alpha/cpu_builder.cc
rename : cpu/checker/o3_cpu_builder.cc => src/cpu/o3/checker_builder.cc
rename : cpu/o3/commit_impl.hh => src/cpu/o3/commit_impl.hh
rename : cpu/o3/cpu.cc => src/cpu/o3/cpu.cc
rename : cpu/o3/fetch_impl.hh => src/cpu/o3/fetch_impl.hh
rename : cpu/o3/iew.hh => src/cpu/o3/iew.hh
rename : cpu/o3/iew_impl.hh => src/cpu/o3/iew_impl.hh
rename : cpu/o3/inst_queue.hh => src/cpu/o3/inst_queue.hh
rename : cpu/o3/inst_queue_impl.hh => src/cpu/o3/inst_queue_impl.hh
rename : cpu/o3/lsq_impl.hh => src/cpu/o3/lsq_impl.hh
rename : cpu/o3/lsq_unit.hh => src/cpu/o3/lsq_unit.hh
rename : cpu/o3/lsq_unit_impl.hh => src/cpu/o3/lsq_unit_impl.hh
rename : cpu/o3/mem_dep_unit_impl.hh => src/cpu/o3/mem_dep_unit_impl.hh
rename : cpu/o3/rename.hh => src/cpu/o3/rename.hh
rename : cpu/o3/rename_impl.hh => src/cpu/o3/rename_impl.hh
rename : cpu/o3/thread_state.hh => src/cpu/o3/thread_state.hh
rename : cpu/o3/tournament_pred.cc => src/cpu/o3/tournament_pred.cc
rename : cpu/o3/tournament_pred.hh => src/cpu/o3/tournament_pred.hh
rename : cpu/checker/cpu_builder.cc => src/cpu/ozone/checker_builder.cc
rename : cpu/ozone/cpu.hh => src/cpu/ozone/cpu.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/cpu_builder.cc => src/cpu/ozone/cpu_builder.cc
rename : cpu/ozone/cpu_impl.hh => src/cpu/ozone/cpu_impl.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/front_end.hh => src/cpu/ozone/front_end.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/front_end_impl.hh => src/cpu/ozone/front_end_impl.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/inorder_back_end_impl.hh => src/cpu/ozone/inorder_back_end_impl.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/inst_queue_impl.hh => src/cpu/ozone/inst_queue_impl.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/lw_back_end.hh => src/cpu/ozone/lw_back_end.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/lw_back_end_impl.hh => src/cpu/ozone/lw_back_end_impl.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/lw_lsq.hh => src/cpu/ozone/lw_lsq.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/lw_lsq_impl.hh => src/cpu/ozone/lw_lsq_impl.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/simple_params.hh => src/cpu/ozone/simple_params.hh
rename : cpu/ozone/thread_state.hh => src/cpu/ozone/thread_state.hh
rename : cpu/simple/cpu.cc => src/cpu/simple/base.cc
rename : cpu/cpu_exec_context.cc => src/cpu/simple_thread.cc
rename : cpu/thread_state.hh => src/cpu/thread_state.hh
rename : dev/ide_disk.hh => src/dev/ide_disk.hh
rename : python/m5/objects/BaseCPU.py => src/python/m5/objects/BaseCPU.py
rename : python/m5/objects/AlphaFullCPU.py => src/python/m5/objects/O3CPU.py
rename : python/m5/objects/OzoneCPU.py => src/python/m5/objects/OzoneCPU.py
rename : python/m5/objects/Root.py => src/python/m5/objects/Root.py
rename : python/m5/objects/System.py => src/python/m5/objects/System.py
rename : sim/eventq.hh => src/sim/eventq.hh
rename : sim/pseudo_inst.cc => src/sim/pseudo_inst.cc
rename : sim/pseudo_inst.hh => src/sim/pseudo_inst.hh
rename : sim/serialize.cc => src/sim/serialize.cc
rename : sim/stat_control.cc => src/sim/stat_control.cc
rename : sim/stat_control.hh => src/sim/stat_control.hh
rename : sim/system.hh => src/sim/system.hh
extra : convert_revision : 135d90e43f6cea89f9460ba4e23f4b0b85886e7d
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throughout CPU models
src/arch/alpha/isa_traits.hh:
src/arch/mips/isa_traits.hh:
src/arch/sparc/isa_traits.hh:
define 'ISA_HAS_DELAY_SLOT'
src/cpu/base_dyn_inst.hh:
src/cpu/o3/bpred_unit_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/commit_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/cpu.cc:
src/cpu/o3/cpu.hh:
src/cpu/o3/decode_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/fetch_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/iew_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/inst_queue_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/rename_impl.hh:
src/cpu/simple/base.cc:
use ISA_HAS_DELAY_SLOT instead of THE_ISA == ALPHA_ISA
--HG--
extra : convert_revision : 24c7460d9391e8d443c9fe08e17c331ae8e9c36a
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--HG--
extra : convert_revision : 6b11e039cbc061dab75195fa1aebe6ca2cdc6f91
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