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The gem5's current PCI host functionality is very ad hoc. The current
implementations require PCI devices to be hooked up to the
configuration space via a separate configuration port. Devices query
the platform to get their config-space address range. Un-mapped parts
of the config space are intercepted using the XBar's default port
mechanism and a magic catch-all device (PciConfigAll).
This changeset redesigns the PCI host functionality to improve code
reuse and make config-space and interrupt mapping more
transparent. Existing platform code has been updated to use the new
PCI host and configured to stay backwards compatible (i.e., no
guest-side visible changes). The current implementation does not
expose any new functionality, but it can easily be extended with
features such as automatic interrupt mapping.
PCI devices now register themselves with a PCI host controller. The
host controller interface is defined in the abstract base class
PciHost. Registration is done by PciHost::registerDevice() which takes
the device, its bus position (bus/dev/func tuple), and its interrupt
pin (INTA-INTC) as a parameter. The registration interface returns a
PciHost::DeviceInterface that the PCI device can use to query memory
mappings and signal interrupts.
The host device manages the entire PCI configuration space. Accesses
to devices decoded into the devices bus position and then forwarded to
the correct device.
Basic PCI host functionality is implemented in the GenericPciHost base
class. Most platforms can use this class as a basic PCI controller. It
provides the following functionality:
* Configurable configuration space decoding. The number of bits
dedicated to a device is a prameter, making it possible to support
both CAM, ECAM, and legacy mappings.
* Basic interrupt mapping using the interruptLine value from a
device's configuration space. This behavior is the same as in the
old implementation. More advanced controllers can override the
interrupt mapping method to dynamically assign host interrupts to
PCI devices.
* Simple (base + addr) remapping from the PCI bus's address space to
physical addresses for PIO, memory, and DMA.
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The HDLCD model implements a workaround that swaps the red and blue
channels. This works around an issue in certain old kernels. The new
driver doesn't seem to have this behavior, so disable the workaround
by default and enable it in the affected platforms.
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Devices behind the Versatile Express configuration controllers are
currently all lumped into one SimObject. This will make DTB generation
challenging since the DTB assumes them to be in different parts of the
hierarchy. It also makes it hard to model other CoreTiles without also
replicating devices from the motherboard.
This changeset splits the VExpressCoreTileCtrl into two subsystems:
VExpressMCC for all motherboard-related devices and CoreTile2A15DCC
for Core Tile specific devices.
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The flash model has typos in its serialization code for
unknownPages, locationTable, blockValidEntries, and blockEmptyEntries
arrays where it would save each entry in the array under the same
name in the checkpoint. This patch fixes these typos.
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The IICRPR register in the GIC is currently not being initialized when
the GIC is instantiated. Initialize to the value mandated by the
architecture specification.
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Fix a bug in which the flash device would write out of bounds and
could either trigger a segfault and corrupt the memory of other
objects. This was caused by using pageSize in the place of
pagesPerBlock when running the garbage collector.
Also, added an assert to flag this condition in the future.
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This patch fixes the drain logic for the UFSHostDevice and the
FlashDevice. In the case of the FlashDevice, the logic for CheckDrain
needed to be reversed, whilst in the case of the UFSHostDevice check
drain was never being called. In both cases the system would never
complete draining if the initial attampt to drain failed.
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Make clang >= 3.5 happy when compiling build/ARM/gem5.opt on OSX.
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This patch moves away from using M5_ATTR_OVERRIDE and the m5::hashmap
(and similar) abstractions, as these are no longer needed with gcc 4.7
and clang 3.1 as minimum compiler versions.
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Add a stat that counts buffer underruns in the HDLCD controller. The
stat counts at most one underrun per frame since the controller aborts
the current frame if it underruns.
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Rewrite the HDLCD controller to use the new DMA engine and pixel
pump. This fixes several bugs in the current implementation:
* Broken/missing interrupt support (VSync, underrun, DMA end)
* Fragile resolution changes (changing resolutions used
to cause assertion errors).
* Support for resolutions with a width that isn't divisible by 32.
* The pixel clock can now be set dynamically.
This breaks checkpoint compatibility. Checkpoints can be upgraded with
the checkpoint conversion script. However, upgraded checkpoints won't
contain the state of the current frame. That means that HDLCD
controllers restoring from a converted checkpoint immediately start
drawing a new frame (i.e, expect timing differences).
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Add support for oscillators that can be programmed using the RealView
/ Versatile Express configuration interface. These oscillators are
typically used for things like the pixel clock in the display
controller.
The default configurations support the oscillators from a Versatile
Express motherboard (V2M-P1) with a CoreTile Express A15x2.
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Context IDs used to be declared as ad hoc (usually as int). This
changeset introduces a typedef for ContextIDs and a constant for
invalid context IDs.
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Add a simple device shim that interfaces with the NoMali model
library. The gem5 side of the interface supports Mali T60x/T62x/T760
GPUs. This device model pretends to be a Mali GPU, but doesn't render
anything and executes in zero time.
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The drain() call currently passes around a DrainManager pointer, which
is now completely pointless since there is only ever one global
DrainManager in the system. It also contains vestiges from the time
when SimObjects had to keep track of their child objects that needed
draining.
This changeset moves all of the DrainState handling to the Drainable
base class and changes the drain() and drainResume() calls to reflect
this. Particularly, the drain() call has been updated to take no
parameters (the DrainManager argument isn't needed) and return a
DrainState instead of an unsigned integer (there is no point returning
anything other than 0 or 1 any more). Drainable objects should return
either DrainState::Draining (equivalent to returning 1 in the old
system) if they need more time to drain or DrainState::Drained
(equivalent to returning 0 in the old system) if they are already in a
consistent state. Returning DrainState::Running is considered an
error.
Drain done signalling is now done through the signalDrainDone() method
in the Drainable class instead of using the DrainManager directly. The
new call checks if the state of the object is DrainState::Draining
before notifying the drain manager. This means that it is safe to call
signalDrainDone() without first checking if the simulator has
requested draining. The intention here is to reduce the code needed to
implement draining in simple objects.
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Draining is currently done by traversing the SimObject graph and
calling drain()/drainResume() on the SimObjects. This is not ideal
when non-SimObjects (e.g., ports) need draining since this means that
SimObjects owning those objects need to be aware of this.
This changeset moves the responsibility for finding objects that need
draining from SimObjects and the Python-side of the simulator to the
DrainManager. The DrainManager now maintains a set of all objects that
need draining. To reduce the overhead in classes owning non-SimObjects
that need draining, objects inheriting from Drainable now
automatically register with the DrainManager. If such an object is
destroyed, it is automatically unregistered. This means that drain()
and drainResume() should never be called directly on a Drainable
object.
While implementing the new functionality, the DrainManager has now
been made thread safe. In practice, this means that it takes a lock
whenever it manipulates the set of Drainable objects since SimObjects
in different threads may create Drainable objects
dynamically. Similarly, the drain counter is now an atomic_uint, which
ensures that it is manipulated correctly when objects signal that they
are done draining.
A nice side effect of these changes is that it makes the drain state
changes stricter, which the simulation scripts can exploit to avoid
redundant drains.
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The drain state enum is currently a part of the Drainable
interface. The same state machine will be used by the DrainManager to
identify the global state of the simulator. Make the drain state a
global typed enum to better cater for this usage scenario.
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Objects that are can be serialized are supposed to inherit from the
Serializable class. This class is meant to provide a unified API for
such objects. However, so far it has mainly been used by SimObjects
due to some fundamental design limitations. This changeset redesigns
to the serialization interface to make it more generic and hide the
underlying checkpoint storage. Specifically:
* Add a set of APIs to serialize into a subsection of the current
object. Previously, objects that needed this functionality would
use ad-hoc solutions using nameOut() and section name
generation. In the new world, an object that implements the
interface has the methods serializeSection() and
unserializeSection() that serialize into a named /subsection/ of
the current object. Calling serialize() serializes an object into
the current section.
* Move the name() method from Serializable to SimObject as it is no
longer needed for serialization. The fully qualified section name
is generated by the main serialization code on the fly as objects
serialize sub-objects.
* Add a scoped ScopedCheckpointSection helper class. Some objects
need to serialize data structures, that are not deriving from
Serializable, into subsections. Previously, this was done using
nameOut() and manual section name generation. To simplify this,
this changeset introduces a ScopedCheckpointSection() helper
class. When this class is instantiated, it adds a new /subsection/
and subsequent serialization calls during the lifetime of this
helper class happen inside this section (or a subsection in case
of nested sections).
* The serialize() call is now const which prevents accidental state
manipulation during serialization. Objects that rely on modifying
state can use the serializeOld() call instead. The default
implementation simply calls serialize(). Note: The old-style calls
need to be explicitly called using the
serializeOld()/serializeSectionOld() style APIs. These are used by
default when serializing SimObjects.
* Both the input and output checkpoints now use their own named
types. This hides underlying checkpoint implementation from
objects that need checkpointing and makes it easier to change the
underlying checkpoint storage code.
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Make it possible to specify the size of the PIO space for an AMBA DMA
device. Maintain backwards compatibility and default to zero.
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There are cases when we don't want to use a system register mapped
generic timer, but can't use the SP804. For example, when using KVM on
aarch64, we want to intercept accesses to the generic timer, but can't
do so if it is using the system register interface. In such cases,
we need to use a memory-mapped generic timer.
This changeset adds a device model that implements the memory mapped
generic timer interface. The current implementation only supports a
single frame (i.e., one virtual timer and one physical timer).
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The generic timer model currently does not support virtual
counters. Virtual and physical counters both tick with the same
frequency. However, virtual timers allow a hypervisor to set an offset
that is subtracted from the counter when it is read. This enables the
hypervisor to present a time base that ticks with virtual time in the
VM (i.e., doesn't tick when the VM isn't running). Modern Linux
kernels generally assume that virtual counters exist and try to use
them by default.
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This changeset cleans up the generic timer a bit and moves most of the
register juggling from the ISA code into a separate class in the same
source file as the rest of the generic timer. It also removes the
assumption that there is always 8 or fewer CPUs in the system. Instead
of having a fixed limit, we now instantiate per-core timers as they
are requested. This is all in preparation for other patches that add
support for virtual timers and a memory mapped interface.
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Some versions of the kernel incorrectly swap the red and blue color
select registers. This changeset adds a workaround for that by
swapping them when instantiating a PixelConverter.
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Currently, frame buffer handling in gem5 is quite ad hoc. In practice,
we pass around naked pointers to raw pixel data and expect consumers
to convert frame buffers using the (broken) VideoConverter.
This changeset completely redesigns the way we handle frame buffers
internally. In summary, it fixes several color conversion bugs, adds
support for more color formats (e.g., big endian), and makes the code
base easier to follow.
In the new world, gem5 always represents pixel data using the Pixel
struct when pixels need to be passed between different classes (e.g.,
a display controller and the VNC server). Producers of entire frames
(e.g., display controllers) should use the FrameBuffer class to
represent a frame.
Frame producers are expected to create one instance of the FrameBuffer
class in their constructors and register it with its consumers
once. Consumers are expected to check the dimensions of the frame
buffer when they consume it.
Conversion between the external representation and the internal
representation is supported for all common "true color" RGB formats of
up to 32-bit color depth. The external pixel representation is
expected to be between 1 and 4 bytes in either big endian or little
endian. Color channels are assumed to be contiguous ranges of bits
within each pixel word. The external pixel value is scaled to an 8-bit
internal representation using a floating multiplication to map it to
the entire 8-bit range.
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This adds support for FreeBSD/aarch64 FS and SE mode (basic set of syscalls only)
Committed by: Nilay Vaish <nilay@cs.wisc.edu>
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This patch introduces a UFS host controller and a UFS device. More
information about the UFS standard can be found at the JEDEC site:
http://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/results/jesd220
Note that the model does not implement the complete standard, and as
such is not an actual implementation of UFS. The following SCSI
commands are implemented: inquiry, read, read capacity, report LUNs,
start/stop, test unit ready, verify, write, format unit, send
diagnostic, synchronize cache, mode select, mode sense, request sense,
unmap, write buffer and read buffer. This is sufficient for usage with
Linux and Android.
To interact with this model a kernel version 3.9 or above is
needed.
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This adds a NAND flash timing model. This model takes the number of
planes into account and is ultimately intended to be used as a
high-level performance model for any device using flash. To access the
memory, use either readMemory or writeMemory.
To make use of the model you will need an interface model
such as UFSHostDevice, which is part of a separate patch.
At the moment the flash device is part of the ARM device tree since
the only use if the UFSHostDevice, and that in turn relies on the ARM
GIC.
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This patch adds an example configuration in ext/sst/tests/ that allows
an SST/gem5 instance to simulate a 4-core AArch64 system with SST's
memHierarchy components providing all the caches and memories.
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This patch adds a new PIO-accessible GICv2m shim. This shim has a PIO
slave port on one side, and SPI 'wires' on the other. It accepts MSIs
from the system and triggers SPIs on the GIC. It is configurable with
a number of frames, each of which has a number of SPIs and a base SPI
offset.
A Linux driver for GICv2m is available upstream.
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This patch removes the code that added this magic register. A
follow-up patch provides a GICv2m MSI shim that gives the same
functionality in a standard ARM system architecture way.
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The ARM PL011 UART model didn't clear and raise interrupts
correctly. This changeset rewrites the whole interrupt handling and
makes it both simpler and fixes several cases where the correct
interrupts weren't raised or cleared. Additionally, it cleans up many
other aspects of the code.
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Move the (common) GIC initialization code that notifies the platform
code of the new GIC to the base class (BaseGic) instead of the Pl390
implementation.
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This change includes edits to MC146818 timer to prevent RTC events
firing before startup to comply with SimObject initialization call sequence.
Committed by: Nilay Vaish <nilay@cs.wisc.edu>
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This patch cleans up the packet memory allocation confusion. The data
is always allocated at the requesting side, when a packet is created
(or copied), and there is never a need for any device to allocate any
space if it is merely responding to a paket. This behaviour is in line
with how SystemC and TLM works as well, thus increasing
interoperability, and matching established conventions.
The redundant calls to Packet::allocate are removed, and the checks in
the function are tightened up to make sure data is only ever allocated
once. There are still some oddities in the packet copy constructor
where we copy the data pointer if it is static (without ownership),
and allocate new space if the data is dynamic (with ownership). The
latter is being worked on further in a follow-on patch.
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Another churn to clean up undefined behaviour, mostly ARM, but some
parts also touching the generic part of the code base.
Most of the fixes are simply ensuring that proper intialisation. One
of the more subtle changes is the return type of the sign-extension,
which is changed to uint64_t. This is to avoid shifting negative
values (undefined behaviour) in the ISA code.
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Tie in the newly created energy controller components in the default
configurations.
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This patch provides an Energy Controller device that provides software
(driver) access to a DVFS handler. The device is currently residing in
the dev/arm tree, but there is nothing inherently ARM specific in the
behaviour. It is currently only tested and supported for ARM Linux,
hence the location.
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This patch closes a number of space gaps in debug messages caused by
the incorrect use of line continuation within strings. (There's also
one consistency change to a similar, but correct, use of line
continuation)
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This change adds support for a generic pci host bus driver that
has been included in recent Linux kernel instead of the more
bespoke one we've been using to date. It also works with
aarch64 so it provides PCI support for 64-bit ARM Linux.
To make this work a new configuration option pci_io_base is added
to the RealView platform that should be set to the start of
the memory used as memory mapped IO ports (IO ports that are
memory mapped, not regular memory mapped IO). And a parameter
pci_cfg_gen_offsets which specifies if the config space
offsets should be used that the generic driver expects.
To use the pci-host-generic device you need to:
pci_io_base = 0x2f000000 (Valid for VExpress EMM)
pci_cfg_gen_offsets = True
and add the following to your device tree:
pci {
compatible = "pci-host-ecam-generic";
device_type = "pci";
#address-cells = <0x3>;
#size-cells = <0x2>;
#interrupt-cells = <0x1>;
//bus-range = <0x0 0x1>;
// CPU_PHYSICAL(2) SIZE(2)
// Note, some DTS blobs only support 1 size
reg = <0x0 0x30000000 0x0 0x10000000>;
// IO (1), no bus address (2), cpu address (2), size (2)
// MMIO (1), at address (2), cpu address (2), size (2)
ranges = <0x01000000 0x0 0x00000000 0x0 0x2f000000 0x0 0x10000>,
<0x02000000 0x0 0x40000000 0x0 0x40000000 0x0 0x10000000>;
// With gem5 we typically use INTA/B/C/D one per device
interrupt-map = <0x0000 0x0 0x0 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x11 0x1
0x0000 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x1 0x0 0x12 0x1
0x0000 0x0 0x0 0x3 0x1 0x0 0x13 0x1
0x0000 0x0 0x0 0x4 0x1 0x0 0x14 0x1>;
// Only match INTA/B/C/D and not BDF
interrupt-map-mask = <0x0000 0x0 0x0 0x7>;
};
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This eliminates some default devices and adds in helper functions
to connect the devices defined here to associate with the proper
clock domains.
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The first DPRINTF() in PL390::writeDistributor always read a uint32_t, though a
packet may have only been 1 or 2 bytes. This caused an assertion in
packet->get().
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This patch changes the default pixel clock to effectively generate
1080p resolution at 60 frames per second. It is dependent upon the
kernel device tree file using the specified resolution / display
string in the comments.
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This is a quick hack to communicate a greater number of CPUs to a guest OS via
the ARM A9 SCU config register. Some OSes (Linux) just look at the bottom field
to count CPUs and with a small change can look at bits [3:0] to learn about up
to 16 CPUs.
Very much unsupported (and contains warning messages as such) but useful for
running 8 core sims without hardwiring CPU count in the guest OS.
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Note: AArch64 and AArch32 interworking is not supported. If you use an AArch64
kernel you are restricted to AArch64 user-mode binaries. This will be addressed
in a later patch.
Note: Virtualization is only supported in AArch32 mode. This will also be fixed
in a later patch.
Contributors:
Giacomo Gabrielli (TrustZone, LPAE, system-level AArch64, AArch64 NEON, validation)
Thomas Grocutt (AArch32 Virtualization, AArch64 FP, validation)
Mbou Eyole (AArch64 NEON, validation)
Ali Saidi (AArch64 Linux support, code integration, validation)
Edmund Grimley-Evans (AArch64 FP)
William Wang (AArch64 Linux support)
Rene De Jong (AArch64 Linux support, performance opt.)
Matt Horsnell (AArch64 MP, validation)
Matt Evans (device models, code integration, validation)
Chris Adeniyi-Jones (AArch64 syscall-emulation)
Prakash Ramrakhyani (validation)
Dam Sunwoo (validation)
Chander Sudanthi (validation)
Stephan Diestelhorst (validation)
Andreas Hansson (code integration, performance opt.)
Eric Van Hensbergen (performance opt.)
Gabe Black
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The VE motherboard provides a set of system control registers through which
various motherboard and coretile registers are accessed. Voltage regulators and
oscillator (DLL/PLL) config are examples. These registers must be impleted to
boot Linux 3.9+ kernels.
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This patch adds the registers and fields to the PCI device to support
Capability lists and to support MSI-X in the GIC.
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The underlying assumption that all PPIs must be edge-triggered is
strained when the architected timers and VGIC interfaces make
level-behaviour observable. For example, a virtual timer interrupt
'goes away' when the hypervisor is entered and the vtimer is disabled;
this requires a PPI to be de-activated.
The new method simply clears the interrupt pending state.
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There is an option to enable/disable all framebuffer dumps, but the
last frame always gets dumped in the run folder with no other way to
disable it. These files can add up very quickly running many experiments.
This patch adds an option to disable them. The default behavior
remains unchanged.
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