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This patch adds a FromCache attribute to the packet, and updates a
number of the existing request commands to reflect that the request
originates from a cache. The attribute simplifies checking if a
requests came from a cache or not, and this is used by both the cache
and snoop filter in follow-on patches.
Change-Id: Ib0a7a080bbe4d6036ddd84b46fd45bc7eb41cd8f
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>
Reviewed-by: Tony Gutierrez <anthony.gutierrez@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Steve Reinhardt <stever@gmail.com>
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mem: support for gpu-style RMWs in ruby
This patch adds support for GPU-style read-modify-write (RMW) operations in
ruby. Such atomic operations are traditionally executed at the memory controller
(instead of through an L1 cache using cache-line locking).
Currently, this patch works by propogating operation functors through the memory
system.
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Make best use of the compiler, and enable -Wextra as well as
-Wall. There are a few issues that had to be resolved, but they are
all trivial.
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This patch removes the NeedsWritable flag for all responses, as it is
really only the request that needs a writable response. The response,
on the other hand, should in these cases always provide the line in a
writable state, as indicated by the hasSharers flag not being set.
When we send requests that has NeedsWritable set, the response will
always have the hasSharers flag not set. Additionally, there are cases
where the request did not have NeedsWritable set, and we still get a
writable response with the hasSharers flag not set. This never happens
on snoops, but is used by downstream caches to pass ownership
upstream.
As part of this patch, the affected response types are updated, and
the snoop filter is similarly modified to check only the hasSharers
flag (as it should). A sanity check is also added to the packet class,
asserting that we never look at the NeedsWritable flag for responses.
No regressions are affected.
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This patch looks at the request and response command to determine if
either actually has any data payload, and if not, we do not allocate
any space for packet data.
The only tricky case is where the command type is changed as part of
the MSHR functionality. In these cases where the original packet had
no data, but the new packet does, we need to explicitly call
allocate().
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This patch changes the name of a bunch of packet flags and MSHR member
functions and variables to make the coherency protocol easier to
understand. In addition the patch adds and updates lots of
descriptions, explicitly spelling out assumptions.
The following name changes are made:
* the packet memInhibit flag is renamed to cacheResponding
* the packet sharedAsserted flag is renamed to hasSharers
* the packet NeedsExclusive attribute is renamed to NeedsWritable
* the packet isSupplyExclusive is renamed responderHadWritable
* the MSHR pendingDirty is renamed to pendingModified
The cache states, Modified, Owned, Exclusive, Shared are also called
out in the cache and MSHR code to make it easier to understand.
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This patch adds the necessary commands and cache functionality to
allow clean writebacks. This functionality is crucial, especially when
having exclusive (victim) caches. For example, if read-only L1
instruction caches are not sending clean writebacks, there will never
be any spills from the L1 to the L2. At the moment the cache model
defaults to not sending clean writebacks, and this should possibly be
re-evaluated.
The implementation of clean writebacks relies on a new packet command
WritebackClean, which acts much like a Writeback (renamed
WritebackDirty), and also much like a CleanEvict. On eviction of a
clean block the cache either sends a clean evict, or a clean
writeback, and if any copies are still cached upstream the clean
evict/writeback is dropped. Similarly, if a clean evict/writeback
reaches a cache where there are outstanding MSHRs for the block, the
packet is dropped. In the typical case though, the clean writeback
allocates a block in the downstream cache, and marks it writable if
the evicted block was writable.
The patch changes the O3_ARM_v7a L1 cache configuration and the
default L1 caches in config/common/Caches.py
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This patch introduces the concept of a snoop latency. Given the
requirement to snoop and forward packets in zero time (due to the
coherency mechanism), the latency is accounted for later.
On a snoop, we establish the latency, and later add it to the header
delay of the packet. To allow multiple caches to contribute to the
snoop latency, we use a separate variable in the packet, and then take
the maximum before adding it to the header delay.
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This patch reverts part of (842f56345a42), as apparently there are
use-cases outside the main repository relying on the late setting of
the physical address.
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This patch simplifies the packet, and removes the possibility of
creating a packet without a valid address and/or size. Under no
circumstances are these fields set at a later point, and thus they
really have to be provided at construction time.
The patch also fixes a case there the MinorCPU creates a packet
without a valid address and size, only to later delete it.
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The Packet::get() and Packet::set() methods both have very strange
semantics. Currently, they automatically convert between the guest
system's endianness and the host system's endianness. This behavior is
usually undesired and unexpected.
This patch introduces three new method pairs to access data:
* getLE() / setLE() - Get data stored as little endian.
* getBE() / setBE() - Get data stored as big endian.
* get(ByteOrder) / set(v, ByteOrder) - Configurable endianness
For example, a little endian device that is receiving a write request
will use teh getLE() method to get the data from the packet.
The old interface will be deprecated once all existing devices have
been ported to the new interface.
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This patch removes the extraneous flags and attributes from the
request and packet, and simply leaves the new commands. The change
introduced when adding acquire/release breaks all compatibility with
existing traces, and there is really no need for any new flags and
attributes. The commands should be sufficient.
This patch fixes packet tracing (urgent), and also removes the
unnecessary complexity.
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Add support for acquire and release requests. These synchronization operations
are commonly supported by several modern instruction sets.
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This patch changes how writebacks communicate whether the line is
passed as modified or owned. Previously we relied on the
isSupplyExclusive mechanism, which was originally designed to avoid
unecessary snoops.
For normal cache requests we use the sharedAsserted mechanism to
determine if a block should be marked writeable or not, and with this
patch we transition the writebacks to also use this
mechanism. Conceptually this is cleaner and more consistent.
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Some minor fixes and removal of dead code. Changing the flags to be
enums rather than static const (to avoid any linking issues caused by
the latter). Also adding a getBlockAddr member which hopefully can
slowly finds its way into caches, snoop filters etc.
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WriteInvalidateReq ensures that a whole-line write does not incur the
cost of first doing a read exclusive, only to later overwrite the
data. This patch splits the existing WriteInvalidateReq into a
WriteLineReq, which is done locally, and an InvalidateReq that is sent
out throughout the memory system. The WriteLineReq re-uses the normal
WriteResp.
The change allows us to better express the difference between the
cache that is performing the write, and the ones that are merely
invalidating. As a consequence, we no longer have to rely on the
isTopLevel flag. Moreover, the actual memory in the system does not
see the intitial write, only the writeback. We were marking the
written line as dirty already, so there is really no need to also push
the write all the way to the memory.
The overall flow of the write-invalidate operation remains the same,
i.e. the operation is only carried out once the response for the
invalidate comes back. This patch adds the InvalidateResp for this
very reason.
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This patch adds two new read requests packets:
ReadCleanReq - For a cache to explicitly request clean data. The
response is thus exclusive or shared, but not owned or modified. The
read-only caches (see previous patch) use this request type to ensure
they do not get dirty data.
ReadSharedReq - We add this to distinguish cache read requests from
those issued by other masters, such as devices and CPUs. Thus, devices
use ReadReq, and caches use ReadCleanReq, ReadExReq, or
ReadSharedReq. For the latter, the response can be any state, shared,
exclusive, owned or even modified.
Both ReadCleanReq and ReadSharedReq re-use the normal ReadResp. The
two transactions are aligned with the emerging cache-coherent TLM
standard and the AMBA nomenclature.
With this change, the normal ReadReq should never be used by a cache,
and is reserved for the actual (non-caching) masters in the system. We
thus have a way of identifying if a request came from a cache or
not. The introduction of ReadSharedReq thus removes the need for the
current isTopLevel hack, and also allows us to stop relying on
checking the packet size to determine if the source is a cache or
not. This is fixed in follow-on patches.
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This patch adds eviction notices to the caches, to provide accurate
tracking of cache blocks in snoop filters. We add the CleanEvict
message to the memory heirarchy and use both CleanEvicts and
Writebacks with BLOCK_CACHED flags to propagate notice of clean and
dirty evictions respectively, down the memory hierarchy. Note that the
BLOCK_CACHED flag indicates whether there exist any copies of the
evicted block in the caches above the evicting cache.
The purpose of the CleanEvict message is to notify snoop filters of
silent evictions in the relevant caches. The CleanEvict message
behaves much like a Writeback. CleanEvict is a write and a request but
unlike a Writeback, CleanEvict does not have data and does not need
exclusive access to the block. The cache generates the CleanEvict
message on a fill resulting in eviction of a clean block. Before
travelling downwards CleanEvict requests generate zero-time snoop
requests to check if the same block is cached in upper levels of the
memory heirarchy. If the block exists, the cache discards the
CleanEvict message. The snoops check the tags, writeback queue and the
MSHRs of upper level caches in a manner similar to snoops generated
from HardPFReqs. Currently CleanEvicts keep travelling towards main
memory unless they encounter the block corresponding to their address
or reach main memory (since we have no well defined point of
serialisation). Main memory simply discards CleanEvict messages.
We have modified the behavior of Writebacks, such that they generate
snoops to check for the presence of blocks in upper level caches. It
is possible in our current implmentation for a lower level cache to be
writing back a block while a shared copy of the same block exists in
the upper level cache. If the snoops find the same block in upper
level caches, we set the BLOCK_CACHED flag in the Writeback message.
We have also added logic to account for interaction of other message
types with CleanEvicts waiting in the writeback queue. A simple
example is of a response arriving at a cache removing any CleanEvicts
to the same address from the cache's writeback queue.
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Snoop packets share the request pointer with the originating
packets. We need to ensure that the snoop packet destruction does not
delete the request. Snoops are used for reads, invalidations,
HardPFReqs, Writebacks and CleansEvicts. Reads, invalidations, and
HardPFReqs need a response so their snoops do not delete the
request. For Writebacks and CleanEvicts we need to check explicitly
for whethere the current packet is an express snoop, in whcih case do
not delete the request.
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This patch subsumes the PREFETCH_SNOOP_SQUASH flag with the more
generic BLOCK_CACHED flag. Future patches implementing cache eviction
messages can use the BLOCK_CACHED flag in almost the same manner as
hardware prefetches use the PREFETCH_SNOOP_SQUASH flag. The
PREFTECH_SNOOP_FLAG is set if the prefetch target is found in the tags
or the MSHRs in any state, so we are simply replacing calls to
setPrefetchSquashed() with setBlockCached(). The case of where the
prefetch target is found in the writeback MSHRs of upper level caches
continues to be covered by the MEM_INHIBIT flag.
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Refactor the way that specific MemCmd values are generated for packets.
The new approach is a little more elegant in that we assign the right
value up front, and it's also more amenable to non-heap-allocated
Packet objects.
Also replaced the code in the Minor model that was still doing it the
ad-hoc way.
This is basically a refinement of http://repo.gem5.org/gem5/rev/711eb0e64249.
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This patch changes the valid-bytes start/end to a proper byte
mask. With the changes in timing introduced in previous patches there
are more packets waiting in queues, and there are regressions using
the checker CPU failing due to non-contigous read data being found in
the various cache queues.
This patch also adds some more comments explaining what is going on,
and adds the fourth and missing case to Packet::checkFunctional.
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This patch clarifies the packet timings annotated
when going through a crossbar.
The old 'firstWordDelay' is replaced by 'headerDelay' that represents
the delay associated to the delivery of the header of the packet.
The old 'lastWordDelay' is replaced by 'payloadDelay' that represents
the delay needed to processing the payload of the packet.
For now the uses and values remain identical. However, going forward
the payloadDelay will be additive, and not include the
headerDelay. Follow-on patches will make the headerDelay capture the
pipeline latency incurred in the crossbar, whereas the payloadDelay
will capture the additional serialisation delay.
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This patch takes the final step in removing the src and dest fields in
the packet. These fields were rather confusing in that they only
remember a single multiplexing component, and pushed the
responsibility to the bridge and caches to store the fields in a
senderstate, thus effectively creating a stack. With the recent
changes to the crossbar response routing the crossbar is now
responsible without relying on the packet fields. Thus, these
variables are now unused and can be removed.
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This patch takes a clean-slate approach to providing WriteInvalidate
(write streaming, full cache line writes without first reading)
support.
Unlike the prior attempt, which took an aggressive approach of directly
writing into the cache before handling the coherence actions, this
approach follows the existing cache flows as closely as possible.
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This patch allows objects to get the src/dest of a packet even if it
is not set to a valid port id. This simplifies (ab)using the bridge as
a buffer and latency adapter in situations where the neighbouring
MemObjects are not crossbars.
The checks that were done in the packet are now shifted to the
crossbar where the fields are used to index into the port
arrays. Thus, the carrier of the information is not burdened with
checking, and the crossbar can check not only that the destination is
set, but also that the port index is within limits.
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This patch attempts to make the rules for data allocation in the
packet explicit, understandable, and easy to verify. The constructor
that copies a packet is extended with an additional flag "alloc_data"
to enable the call site to explicitly say whether the newly created
packet is short-lived (a zero-time snoop), or has an unknown life-time
and therefore should allocate its own data (or copy a static pointer
in the case of static data).
The tricky case is the static data. In essence this is a
copy-avoidance scheme where the original source of the request (DMA,
CPU etc) does not ask the memory system to return data as part of the
packet, but instead provides a pointer, and then the memory system
carries this pointer around, and copies the appropriate data to the
location itself. Thus any derived packet actually never copies any
data. As the original source does not copy any data from the response
packet when arriving back at the source, we must maintain the copy of
the original pointer to not break the system. We might want to revisit
this one day and pay the price for a few extra memcpy invocations.
All in all this patch should make it easier to grok what is going on
in the memory system and how data is actually copied (or not).
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This patch cleans up the use of hasData and checkFunctional in the
packet. The hasData function is unfortunately suggesting that it
checks if the packet has a valid data pointer, when it does in fact
only check if the specific packet type is specified to have a data
payload. The confusion led to a bug in checkFunctional. The latter
function is also tidied up to avoid name overloading.
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This adds a basic level of sanity checking to the packet by ensuring
that a request is not modified once the packet is created. The only
issue that had to be worked around is the relaying of
software-prefetches in the cache. The specific situation is now solved
by first copying the request, and then creating a new packet
accordingly.
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This patch simplifies how we deal with dynamically allocated data in
the packet, always assuming that it is array allocated, and hence
should be array deallocated (delete[] as opposed to delete). The only
uses of dataDynamic was in the Ruby testers.
The ARRAY_DATA flag in the packet is removed accordingly. No
defragmentation of the flags is done at this point, leaving a gap in
the bit masks.
As the last part the patch, it renames dataDynamicArray to dataDynamic.
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This patch cleans up the packet memory allocation confusion. The data
is always allocated at the requesting side, when a packet is created
(or copied), and there is never a need for any device to allocate any
space if it is merely responding to a paket. This behaviour is in line
with how SystemC and TLM works as well, thus increasing
interoperability, and matching established conventions.
The redundant calls to Packet::allocate are removed, and the checks in
the function are tightened up to make sure data is only ever allocated
once. There are still some oddities in the packet copy constructor
where we copy the data pointer if it is static (without ownership),
and allocate new space if the data is dynamic (with ownership). The
latter is being worked on further in a follow-on patch.
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This patch changes the various write functions in the port proxies
to use const pointers for all sources (similar to how memcpy works).
The one unfortunate aspect is the need for a const_cast in the packet,
to avoid having to juggle a const and a non-const data pointer. This
design decision can always be re-evaluated at a later stage.
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This patch takes a first step in tightening up how we use the data
pointer in write packets. A const getter is added for the pointer
itself (getConstPtr), and a number of member functions are also made
const accordingly. In a range of places throughout the memory system
the new member is used.
The patch also removes the unused isReadWrite function.
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This patch removes the parameter that enables bypassing the null check
in the Packet::getPtr method. A number of call sites assume the value
to be non-null.
The one odd case is the RubyTester, which issues zero-sized
prefetches(!), and despite being reads they had no valid data
pointer. This is now fixed, but the size oddity remains (unless anyone
object or has any good suggestions).
Finally, in the Ruby Sequencer, appropriate checks are made for flush
packets as they have no valid data pointer.
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Add some missing initialisation, and fix a handful benign resource
leaks (including some false positives).
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This patch changes the name of the Bus classes to XBar to better
reflect the actual timing behaviour. The actual instances in the
config scripts are not renamed, and remain as e.g. iobus or membus.
As part of this renaming, the code has also been clean up slightly,
making use of range-based for loops and tidying up some comments. The
only changes outside the bus/crossbar code is due to the delay
variables in the packet.
--HG--
rename : src/mem/Bus.py => src/mem/XBar.py
rename : src/mem/coherent_bus.cc => src/mem/coherent_xbar.cc
rename : src/mem/coherent_bus.hh => src/mem/coherent_xbar.hh
rename : src/mem/noncoherent_bus.cc => src/mem/noncoherent_xbar.cc
rename : src/mem/noncoherent_bus.hh => src/mem/noncoherent_xbar.hh
rename : src/mem/bus.cc => src/mem/xbar.cc
rename : src/mem/bus.hh => src/mem/xbar.hh
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Static analysis unearther a bunch of uninitialised variables and
members, and this patch addresses the problem. In all cases these
omissions seem benign in the end, but at least fixing them means less
false positives next time round.
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Support full-block writes directly rather than requiring RMW:
* a cache line is allocated in the cache upon receipt of a
WriteInvalidateReq, not the WriteInvalidateResp.
* only top-level caches allocate the line; the others just pass
the request along and invalidate as necessary.
* to close a timing window between the *Req and the *Resp, a new
metadata bit tracks whether another cache has read a copy of
the new line before the writeback to memory.
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Previously, they were treated so much like loads that they could stall
at the head of the ROB. Now they are always treated like L1 hits.
If they actually miss, a new request is created at the L1 and tracked
from the MSHRs there if necessary (i.e. if it didn't coalesce with
an existing outstanding load).
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Put the packet type swizzling (that is currently done in a lot of places)
into a refineCommand() member function.
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This patch squashes prefetch requests from downstream caches,
so that they do not steal cachelines away from caches closer
to the cpu. It was originally coded by Mitch Hayenga and
modified by Aasheesh Kolli.
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This patch adds the basic building blocks required to support e.g. ARM
TrustZone by discerning secure and non-secure memory accesses.
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Add a "const" keywords to the getters in the Packet class so these can be
invoked on const Packet objects.
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This patch provides useful printouts throughut the memory system. This
includes pretty-printed cache tags and function call messages
(call-stack like).
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This patch changes the bus-related time accounting done in the packet
to be relative. Besides making it easier to align the cache timing to
cache clock cycles, it also makes it possible to create a Last-Level
Cache (LLC) directly to a memory controller without a bus inbetween.
The bus is unique in that it does not ever make the packets wait to
reflect the time spent forwarding them. Instead, the cache is
currently responsible for making the packets wait. Thus, the bus
annotates the packets with the time needed for the first word to
appear, and also the last word. The cache then delays the packets in
its queues before passing them on. It is worth noting that every
object attached to a bus (devices, memories, bridges, etc) should be
doing this if we opt for keeping this way of accounting for the bus
timing.
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This patch removes the time field from the packet as it was only used
by the preftecher. Similar to the packet queue, the prefetcher now
wraps the packet in a deferred packet, which also has a tick
representing the absolute time when the packet should be sent.
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This patch fixes a potential deadlock in the caches. This deadlock
could occur when more than one cache is used in a system, and
pkt->senderState is modified in between the two caches. This happened
as the caches relied on the senderState remaining unchanged, and used
it for instantaneous upstream communication with other caches.
This issue has been addressed by iterating over the linked list of
senderStates until we are either able to cast to a MSHR* or
senderState is NULL. If the cast is successful, we know that the
packet has previously passed through another cache, and therefore
update the downstreamPending flag accordingly. Otherwise, we do
nothing.
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