summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/src/base/statistics.hh
blob: 9e641548c40ecdb034174946c870fe156838dbbb (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 The Regents of The University of Michigan
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Authors: Nathan Binkert
 */

/** @file
 * Declaration of Statistics objects.
 */

/**
* @todo
*
* Generalized N-dimensinal vector
* documentation
* key stats
* interval stats
*   -- these both can use the same function that prints out a
*   specific set of stats
* VectorStandardDeviation totals
* Document Namespaces
*/
#ifndef __BASE_STATISTICS_HH__
#define __BASE_STATISTICS_HH__

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#ifdef __SUNPRO_CC
#include <math.h>
#endif
#include <cmath>
#include <functional>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include "base/cast.hh"
#include "base/cprintf.hh"
#include "base/intmath.hh"
#include "base/refcnt.hh"
#include "base/str.hh"
#include "base/stats/flags.hh"
#include "base/stats/visit.hh"
#include "base/stats/types.hh"
#include "sim/host.hh"

class Callback;

/** The current simulated tick. */
extern Tick curTick;

/* A namespace for all of the Statistics */
namespace Stats {

struct StorageParams
{
    virtual ~StorageParams();
};

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Statistics Framework Base classes
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class Info
{
  public:
    /** The name of the stat. */
    std::string name;
    /** The description of the stat. */
    std::string desc;
    /** The formatting flags. */
    StatFlags flags;
    /** The display precision. */
    int precision;
    /** A pointer to a prerequisite Stat. */
    const Info *prereq;
    /**
     * A unique stat ID for each stat in the simulator.
     * Can be used externally for lookups as well as for debugging.
     */
    static int id_count;
    int id;

  public:
    const StorageParams *storageParams;

  public:
    Info();
    virtual ~Info();

    /**
     * Reset the stat to the default state.
     */
    virtual void reset() = 0;

    /**
     * @return true if this stat has a value and satisfies its
     * requirement as a prereq
     */
    virtual bool zero() const = 0;

    /**
     * Check that this stat has been set up properly and is ready for
     * use
     * @return true for success
     */
    virtual bool check() const = 0;
    bool baseCheck() const;

    /**
     * Visitor entry for outputing statistics data
     */
    virtual void visit(Visit &visitor) = 0;

    /**
     * Checks if the first stat's name is alphabetically less than the second.
     * This function breaks names up at periods and considers each subname
     * separately.
     * @param stat1 The first stat.
     * @param stat2 The second stat.
     * @return stat1's name is alphabetically before stat2's
     */
    static bool less(Info *stat1, Info *stat2);
};

template <class Stat, class Base>
class InfoWrap : public Base
{
  protected:
    Stat &s;

  public:
    InfoWrap(Stat &stat) : s(stat) {}

    bool check() const { return s.check(); }
    void reset() { s.reset(); }
    bool zero() const { return s.zero(); }
};

class ScalarInfoBase : public Info
{
  public:
    virtual Counter value() const = 0;
    virtual Result result() const = 0;
    virtual Result total() const = 0;
    void visit(Visit &visitor) { visitor.visit(*this); }
};

template <class Stat>
class ScalarInfo : public InfoWrap<Stat, ScalarInfoBase>
{
  public:
    ScalarInfo(Stat &stat) : InfoWrap<Stat, ScalarInfoBase>(stat) {}

    Counter value() const { return this->s.value(); }
    Result result() const { return this->s.result(); }
    Result total() const { return this->s.total(); }
};

class VectorInfoBase : public Info
{
  public:
    /** Names and descriptions of subfields. */
    mutable std::vector<std::string> subnames;
    mutable std::vector<std::string> subdescs;

  public:
    virtual size_type size() const = 0;
    virtual const VCounter &value() const = 0;
    virtual const VResult &result() const = 0;
    virtual Result total() const = 0;

    void
    update()
    {
        if (!subnames.empty()) {
            size_type s = size();
            if (subnames.size() < s)
                subnames.resize(s);

            if (subdescs.size() < s)
                subdescs.resize(s);
        }
    }
};

template <class Stat>
class VectorInfo : public InfoWrap<Stat, VectorInfoBase>
{
  protected:
    mutable VCounter cvec;
    mutable VResult rvec;

  public:
    VectorInfo(Stat &stat) : InfoWrap<Stat, VectorInfoBase>(stat) {}

    size_type size() const { return this->s.size(); }

    VCounter &
    value() const
    {
        this->s.value(cvec);
        return cvec;
    }

    const VResult &
    result() const
    {
        this->s.result(rvec);
        return rvec;
    }

    Result total() const { return this->s.total(); }

    void
    visit(Visit &visitor)
    {
        this->update();
        this->s.update(this);
        visitor.visit(*this);
    }
};

struct DistData
{
    Counter min_val;
    Counter max_val;
    Counter underflow;
    Counter overflow;
    VCounter cvec;
    Counter sum;
    Counter squares;
    Counter samples;

    bool fancy;
};

class DistInfoBase : public Info
{
  public:
    /** Local storage for the entry values, used for printing. */
    DistData data;
};

template <class Stat>
class DistInfo : public InfoWrap<Stat, DistInfoBase>
{
  public:
    DistInfo(Stat &stat) : InfoWrap<Stat, DistInfoBase>(stat) {}

    void
    visit(Visit &visitor)
    {
        this->s.update(this);
        visitor.visit(*this);
    }
};

class VectorDistInfoBase : public Info
{
  public:
    std::vector<DistData> data;

   /** Names and descriptions of subfields. */
    mutable std::vector<std::string> subnames;
    mutable std::vector<std::string> subdescs;

  protected:
    /** Local storage for the entry values, used for printing. */
    mutable VResult rvec;

  public:
    virtual size_type size() const = 0;

    void
    update()
    {
        size_type s = size();
        if (subnames.size() < s)
            subnames.resize(s);

        if (subdescs.size() < s)
            subdescs.resize(s);
    }
};

template <class Stat>
class VectorDistInfo : public InfoWrap<Stat, VectorDistInfoBase>
{
  public:
    VectorDistInfo(Stat &stat) : InfoWrap<Stat, VectorDistInfoBase>(stat) {}

    size_type size() const { return this->s.size(); }

    void
    visit(Visit &visitor)
    {
        this->update();
        this->s.update(this);
        visitor.visit(*this);
    }
};

class Vector2dInfoBase : public Info
{
  public:
    /** Names and descriptions of subfields. */
    std::vector<std::string> subnames;
    std::vector<std::string> subdescs;
    std::vector<std::string> y_subnames;

    /** Local storage for the entry values, used for printing. */
    mutable VCounter cvec;
    mutable size_type x;
    mutable size_type y;

  public:
    void
    update()
    {
        if (subnames.size() < x)
            subnames.resize(x);
    }
};

template <class Stat>
class Vector2dInfo : public InfoWrap<Stat, Vector2dInfoBase>
{
  public:
    Vector2dInfo(Stat &stat) : InfoWrap<Stat, Vector2dInfoBase>(stat) {}

    void
    visit(Visit &visitor)
    {
        this->update();
        this->s.update(this);
        visitor.visit(*this);
    }
};

class InfoAccess
{
  protected:
    /** Set up an info class for this statistic */
    void setInfo(Info *info);
    /** Save Storage class parameters if any */
    void setParams(const StorageParams *params);
    /** Save Storage class parameters if any */
    void setInit();

    /** Grab the information class for this statistic */
    Info *info();
    /** Grab the information class for this statistic */
    const Info *info() const;

  public:
    /**
     * Reset the stat to the default state.
     */
    void reset() {}

    /**
     * @return true if this stat has a value and satisfies its
     * requirement as a prereq
     */
    bool zero() const { return true; }

    /**
     * Check that this stat has been set up properly and is ready for
     * use
     * @return true for success
     */
    bool check() const { return true; }
};

template <class Derived, class Base, template <class> class Info>
class DataWrap : public Base
{
  public:
    typedef Derived DerivedType;
    typedef Base BaseType;
    typedef Info<Base> InfoType;

  protected:
    Derived &self() { return *reinterpret_cast<Derived *>(this); }

  protected:
    InfoType *
    info()
    {
        return safe_cast<InfoType *>(InfoAccess::info());
    }

  public:
    const InfoType *
    info() const
    {
        return safe_cast<const InfoType *>(InfoAccess::info());
    }

  protected:
    /**
     * Copy constructor, copies are not allowed.
     */
    DataWrap(const DataWrap &stat);

    /**
     * Can't copy stats.
     */
    void operator=(const DataWrap &);

  public:
    DataWrap()
    {
        this->setInfo(new InfoType(*this));
    }

    /**
     * Set the name and marks this stat to print at the end of simulation.
     * @param name The new name.
     * @return A reference to this stat.
     */
    Derived &
    name(const std::string &_name)
    {
        InfoType *info = this->info();
        info->name = _name;
        info->flags |= print;
        return this->self();
    }

    /**
     * Set the description and marks this stat to print at the end of
     * simulation.
     * @param desc The new description.
     * @return A reference to this stat.
     */
    Derived &
    desc(const std::string &_desc)
    {
        this->info()->desc = _desc;
        return this->self();
    }

    /**
     * Set the precision and marks this stat to print at the end of simulation.
     * @param _precision The new precision
     * @return A reference to this stat.
     */
    Derived &
    precision(int _precision)
    {
        this->info()->precision = _precision;
        return this->self();
    }

    /**
     * Set the flags and marks this stat to print at the end of simulation.
     * @param f The new flags.
     * @return A reference to this stat.
     */
    Derived &
    flags(StatFlags _flags)
    {
        this->info()->flags |= _flags;
        return this->self();
    }

    /**
     * Set the prerequisite stat and marks this stat to print at the end of
     * simulation.
     * @param prereq The prerequisite stat.
     * @return A reference to this stat.
     */
    template <class Stat>
    Derived &
    prereq(const Stat &prereq)
    {
        this->info()->prereq = prereq.info();
        return this->self();
    }
};

template <class Derived, class Base, template <class Base> class Info>
class DataWrapVec : public DataWrap<Derived, Base, Info>
{
  public:
    typedef Derived DerivedType;
    typedef Base BaseType;
    typedef Info<Base> InfoType;

  public:
    // The following functions are specific to vectors.  If you use them
    // in a non vector context, you will get a nice compiler error!

    /**
     * Set the subfield name for the given index, and marks this stat to print
     * at the end of simulation.
     * @param index The subfield index.
     * @param name The new name of the subfield.
     * @return A reference to this stat.
     */
    Derived &
    subname(off_type index, const std::string &name)
    {
        std::vector<std::string> &subn = this->info()->subnames;
        if (subn.size() <= index)
            subn.resize(index + 1);
        subn[index] = name;
        return this->self();
    }

    /**
     * Set the subfield description for the given index and marks this stat to
     * print at the end of simulation.
     * @param index The subfield index.
     * @param desc The new description of the subfield
     * @return A reference to this stat.
     */
    Derived &
    subdesc(off_type index, const std::string &desc)
    {
        std::vector<std::string> &subd = this->info()->subdescs;
        if (subd.size() <= index)
            subd.resize(index + 1);
        subd[index] = desc;

        return this->self();
    }

};

template <class Derived, class Base, template <class Base> class Info>
class DataWrapVec2d : public DataWrapVec<Derived, Base, Info>
{
  public:
    typedef Derived DerivedType;
    typedef Base BaseType;
    typedef Info<Base> InfoType;

  public:
    /**
     * @warning This makes the assumption that if you're gonna subnames a 2d
     * vector, you're subnaming across all y
     */
    Derived &
    ysubnames(const char **names)
    {
        InfoType *info = this->info();
        info->y_subnames.resize(this->y);
        for (off_type i = 0; i < this->y; ++i)
            info->y_subnames[i] = names[i];
        return this->self();
    }

    Derived &
    ysubname(off_type index, const std::string subname)
    {
        InfoType *info = this->info();
        assert(index < this->y);
        info->y_subnames.resize(this->y);
        info->y_subnames[index] = subname.c_str();
        return this->self();
    }
};

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Simple Statistics
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * Templatized storage and interface for a simple scalar stat.
 */
class StatStor
{
  private:
    /** The statistic value. */
    Counter data;

  public:
    struct Params : public StorageParams {};

  public:
    /**
     * Builds this storage element and calls the base constructor of the
     * datatype.
     */
    StatStor(Info *info)
        : data(Counter())
    { }

    /**
     * The the stat to the given value.
     * @param val The new value.
     */
    void set(Counter val) { data = val; }
    /**
     * Increment the stat by the given value.
     * @param val The new value.
     */
    void inc(Counter val) { data += val; }
    /**
     * Decrement the stat by the given value.
     * @param val The new value.
     */
    void dec(Counter val) { data -= val; }
    /**
     * Return the value of this stat as its base type.
     * @return The value of this stat.
     */
    Counter value() const { return data; }
    /**
     * Return the value of this stat as a result type.
     * @return The value of this stat.
     */
    Result result() const { return (Result)data; }
    /**
     * Reset stat value to default
     */
    void reset(Info *info) { data = Counter(); }

    /**
     * @return true if zero value
     */
    bool zero() const { return data == Counter(); }
};

/**
 * Templatized storage and interface to a per-tick average stat. This keeps
 * a current count and updates a total (count * ticks) when this count
 * changes. This allows the quick calculation of a per tick count of the item
 * being watched. This is good for keeping track of residencies in structures
 * among other things.
 */
class AvgStor
{
  private:
    /** The current count. */
    Counter current;
    /** The total count for all tick. */
    mutable Result total;
    /** The tick that current last changed. */
    mutable Tick last;

  public:
    struct Params : public StorageParams {};

  public:
    /**
     * Build and initializes this stat storage.
     */
    AvgStor(Info *info)
        : current(0), total(0), last(0)
    { }

    /**
     * Set the current count to the one provided, update the total and last
     * set values.
     * @param val The new count.
     */
    void
    set(Counter val)
    {
        total += current * (curTick - last);
        last = curTick;
        current = val;
    }

    /**
     * Increment the current count by the provided value, calls set.
     * @param val The amount to increment.
     */
    void inc(Counter val) { set(current + val); }

    /**
     * Deccrement the current count by the provided value, calls set.
     * @param val The amount to decrement.
     */
    void dec(Counter val) { set(current - val); }

    /**
     * Return the current count.
     * @return The current count.
     */
    Counter value() const { return current; }

    /**
     * Return the current average.
     * @return The current average.
     */
    Result
    result() const
    {
        total += current * (curTick - last);
        last = curTick;
        return (Result)(total + current) / (Result)(curTick + 1);
    }

    /**
     * Reset stat value to default
     */
    void
    reset(Info *info)
    {
        total = 0.0;
        last = curTick;
    }

    /**
     * @return true if zero value
     */
    bool zero() const { return total == 0.0; }
};

/**
 * Implementation of a scalar stat. The type of stat is determined by the
 * Storage template.
 */
template <class Stor>
class ScalarBase : public InfoAccess
{
  public:
    typedef Stor Storage;
    typedef typename Stor::Params Params;

  protected:
    /** The storage of this stat. */
    char storage[sizeof(Storage)] __attribute__ ((aligned (8)));

  protected:
    /**
     * Retrieve the storage.
     * @param index The vector index to access.
     * @return The storage object at the given index.
     */
    Storage *
    data()
    {
        return reinterpret_cast<Storage *>(storage);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve a const pointer to the storage.
     * for the given index.
     * @param index The vector index to access.
     * @return A const pointer to the storage object at the given index.
     */
    const Storage *
    data() const
    {
        return reinterpret_cast<const Storage *>(storage);
    }

    void
    doInit()
    {
        new (storage) Storage(info());
        setInit();
    }

  public:
    /**
     * Return the current value of this stat as its base type.
     * @return The current value.
     */
    Counter value() const { return data()->value(); }

  public:
    ScalarBase() { }

  public:
    // Common operators for stats
    /**
     * Increment the stat by 1. This calls the associated storage object inc
     * function.
     */
    void operator++() { data()->inc(1); }
    /**
     * Decrement the stat by 1. This calls the associated storage object dec
     * function.
     */
    void operator--() { data()->dec(1); }

    /** Increment the stat by 1. */
    void operator++(int) { ++*this; }
    /** Decrement the stat by 1. */
    void operator--(int) { --*this; }

    /**
     * Set the data value to the given value. This calls the associated storage
     * object set function.
     * @param v The new value.
     */
    template <typename U>
    void operator=(const U &v) { data()->set(v); }

    /**
     * Increment the stat by the given value. This calls the associated
     * storage object inc function.
     * @param v The value to add.
     */
    template <typename U>
    void operator+=(const U &v) { data()->inc(v); }

    /**
     * Decrement the stat by the given value. This calls the associated
     * storage object dec function.
     * @param v The value to substract.
     */
    template <typename U>
    void operator-=(const U &v) { data()->dec(v); }

    /**
     * Return the number of elements, always 1 for a scalar.
     * @return 1.
     */
    size_type size() const { return 1; }

    /**
     * Reset stat value to default
     */
    void reset() { data()->reset(info()); }

    Counter value() { return data()->value(); }

    Result result() { return data()->result(); }

    Result total() { return result(); }

    bool zero() { return result() == 0.0; }
};

class ProxyInfo : public ScalarInfoBase
{
  public:
    void visit(Visit &visitor) { visitor.visit(*this); }
    std::string str() const { return to_string(value()); }
    size_type size() const { return 1; }
    bool check() const { return true; }
    void reset() {}
    bool zero() const { return value() == 0; }
};

template <class T>
class ValueProxy : public ProxyInfo
{
  private:
    T *scalar;

  public:
    ValueProxy(T &val) : scalar(&val) {}
    Counter value() const { return *scalar; }
    Result result() const { return *scalar; }
    Result total() const { return *scalar; }
};

template <class T>
class FunctorProxy : public ProxyInfo
{
  private:
    T *functor;

  public:
    FunctorProxy(T &func) : functor(&func) {}
    Counter value() const { return (*functor)(); }
    Result result() const { return (*functor)(); }
    Result total() const { return (*functor)(); }
};

class ValueBase : public InfoAccess
{
  private:
    ProxyInfo *proxy;

  public:
    ValueBase() : proxy(NULL) { }
    ~ValueBase() { if (proxy) delete proxy; }

    template <class T>
    void
    scalar(T &value)
    {
        proxy = new ValueProxy<T>(value);
        setInit();
    }

    template <class T>
    void
    functor(T &func)
    {
        proxy = new FunctorProxy<T>(func);
        setInit();
    }

    Counter value() { return proxy->value(); }
    Result result() const { return proxy->result(); }
    Result total() const { return proxy->total(); };
    size_type size() const { return proxy->size(); }

    std::string str() const { return proxy->str(); }
    bool zero() const { return proxy->zero(); }
    bool check() const { return proxy != NULL; }
    void reset() { }
};

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Vector Statistics
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * A proxy class to access the stat at a given index in a VectorBase stat.
 * Behaves like a ScalarBase.
 */
template <class Stat>
class ScalarProxy
{
  private:
    /** Pointer to the parent Vector. */
    Stat *stat;

    /** The index to access in the parent VectorBase. */
    off_type index;

  public:
    /**
     * Return the current value of this stat as its base type.
     * @return The current value.
     */
    Counter value() const { return stat->data(index)->value(); }

    /**
     * Return the current value of this statas a result type.
     * @return The current value.
     */
    Result result() const { return stat->data(index)->result(); }

  public:
    /**
     * Create and initialize this proxy, do not register it with the database.
     * @param i The index to access.
     */
    ScalarProxy(Stat *s, off_type i)
        : stat(s), index(i)
    {
        assert(stat);
    }

    /**
     * Create a copy of the provided ScalarProxy.
     * @param sp The proxy to copy.
     */
    ScalarProxy(const ScalarProxy &sp)
        : stat(sp.stat), index(sp.index)
    {}

    /**
     * Set this proxy equal to the provided one.
     * @param sp The proxy to copy.
     * @return A reference to this proxy.
     */
    const ScalarProxy &
    operator=(const ScalarProxy &sp)
    {
        stat = sp.stat;
        index = sp.index;
        return *this;
    }

  public:
    // Common operators for stats
    /**
     * Increment the stat by 1. This calls the associated storage object inc
     * function.
     */
    void operator++() { stat->data(index)->inc(1); }
    /**
     * Decrement the stat by 1. This calls the associated storage object dec
     * function.
     */
    void operator--() { stat->data(index)->dec(1); }

    /** Increment the stat by 1. */
    void operator++(int) { ++*this; }
    /** Decrement the stat by 1. */
    void operator--(int) { --*this; }

    /**
     * Set the data value to the given value. This calls the associated storage
     * object set function.
     * @param v The new value.
     */
    template <typename U>
    void
    operator=(const U &v)
    {
        stat->data(index)->set(v);
    }

    /**
     * Increment the stat by the given value. This calls the associated
     * storage object inc function.
     * @param v The value to add.
     */
    template <typename U>
    void
    operator+=(const U &v)
    {
        stat->data(index)->inc(v);
    }

    /**
     * Decrement the stat by the given value. This calls the associated
     * storage object dec function.
     * @param v The value to substract.
     */
    template <typename U>
    void
    operator-=(const U &v)
    {
        stat->data(index)->dec(v);
    }

    /**
     * Return the number of elements, always 1 for a scalar.
     * @return 1.
     */
    size_type size() const { return 1; }

  public:
    std::string
    str() const
    {
        return csprintf("%s[%d]", stat->info()->name, index);
    }
};

/**
 * Implementation of a vector of stats. The type of stat is determined by the
 * Storage class. @sa ScalarBase
 */
template <class Stor>
class VectorBase : public InfoAccess
{
  public:
    typedef Stor Storage;
    typedef typename Stor::Params Params;

    /** Proxy type */
    typedef ScalarProxy<VectorBase<Storage> > Proxy;

    friend class ScalarProxy<VectorBase<Storage> >;

  protected:
    /** The storage of this stat. */
    Storage *storage;
    size_type _size;

  protected:
    /**
     * Retrieve the storage.
     * @param index The vector index to access.
     * @return The storage object at the given index.
     */
    Storage *data(off_type index) { return &storage[index]; }

    /**
     * Retrieve a const pointer to the storage.
     * @param index The vector index to access.
     * @return A const pointer to the storage object at the given index.
     */
    const Storage *data(off_type index) const { return &storage[index]; }

    void
    doInit(size_type s)
    {
        assert(s > 0 && "size must be positive!");
        assert(!storage && "already initialized");
        _size = s;

        char *ptr = new char[_size * sizeof(Storage)];
        storage = reinterpret_cast<Storage *>(ptr);

        for (off_type i = 0; i < _size; ++i)
            new (&storage[i]) Storage(info());

        setInit();
    }

  public:
    void
    value(VCounter &vec) const
    {
        vec.resize(size());
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            vec[i] = data(i)->value();
    }

    /**
     * Copy the values to a local vector and return a reference to it.
     * @return A reference to a vector of the stat values.
     */
    void
    result(VResult &vec) const
    {
        vec.resize(size());
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            vec[i] = data(i)->result();
    }

    /**
     * Return a total of all entries in this vector.
     * @return The total of all vector entries.
     */
    Result
    total() const
    {
        Result total = 0.0;
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            total += data(i)->result();
        return total;
    }

    /**
     * @return the number of elements in this vector.
     */
    size_type size() const { return _size; }

    bool
    zero() const
    {
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            if (data(i)->zero())
                return false;
        return true;
    }

    bool
    check() const
    {
        return storage != NULL;
    }

    void
    reset()
    {
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            data(i)->reset(info());
    }

  public:
    VectorBase()
        : storage(NULL)
    {}

    ~VectorBase()
    {
        if (!storage)
            return;

        for (off_type i = 0; i < _size; ++i)
            data(i)->~Storage();
        delete [] reinterpret_cast<char *>(storage);
    }

    /**
     * Return a reference (ScalarProxy) to the stat at the given index.
     * @param index The vector index to access.
     * @return A reference of the stat.
     */
    Proxy
    operator[](off_type index)
    {
        assert (index >= 0 && index < size());
        return Proxy(this, index);
    }

    void update(Info *data) {}
};

template <class Stat>
class VectorProxy
{
  private:
    Stat *stat;
    off_type offset;
    size_type len;

  private:
    mutable VResult vec;

    typename Stat::Storage *
    data(off_type index)
    {
        assert(index < len);
        return stat->data(offset + index);
    }

    const typename Stat::Storage *
    data(off_type index) const
    {
        assert(index < len);
        return const_cast<Stat *>(stat)->data(offset + index);
    }

  public:
    const VResult &
    result() const
    {
        vec.resize(size());

        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            vec[i] = data(i)->result();

        return vec;
    }

    Result
    total() const
    {
        Result total = 0.0;
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            total += data(i)->result();
        return total;
    }

  public:
    VectorProxy(Stat *s, off_type o, size_type l)
        : stat(s), offset(o), len(l)
    {
    }

    VectorProxy(const VectorProxy &sp)
        : stat(sp.stat), offset(sp.offset), len(sp.len)
    {
    }

    const VectorProxy &
    operator=(const VectorProxy &sp)
    {
        stat = sp.stat;
        offset = sp.offset;
        len = sp.len;
        return *this;
    }

    ScalarProxy<Stat>
    operator[](off_type index)
    {
        assert (index >= 0 && index < size());
        return ScalarProxy<Stat>(stat, offset + index);
    }

    size_type size() const { return len; }
};

template <class Stor>
class Vector2dBase : public InfoAccess
{
  public:
    typedef Stor Storage;
    typedef typename Stor::Params Params;
    typedef VectorProxy<Vector2dBase<Storage> > Proxy;
    friend class ScalarProxy<Vector2dBase<Storage> >;
    friend class VectorProxy<Vector2dBase<Storage> >;

  protected:
    size_type x;
    size_type y;
    size_type _size;
    Storage *storage;

  protected:
    Storage *data(off_type index) { return &storage[index]; }
    const Storage *data(off_type index) const { return &storage[index]; }

    void
    doInit(size_type _x, size_type _y)
    {
        assert(_x > 0 && _y > 0 && "sizes must be positive!");
        assert(!storage && "already initialized");

        Vector2dInfoBase *info = safe_cast<Vector2dInfoBase *>(this->info());

        x = _x;
        y = _y;
        info->x = _x;
        info->y = _y;
        _size = x * y;

        char *ptr = new char[_size * sizeof(Storage)];
        storage = reinterpret_cast<Storage *>(ptr);

        for (off_type i = 0; i < _size; ++i)
            new (&storage[i]) Storage(info);

        setInit();
    }

  public:
    Vector2dBase()
        : storage(NULL)
    {}

    ~Vector2dBase()
    {
        if (!storage)
            return;

        for (off_type i = 0; i < _size; ++i)
            data(i)->~Storage();
        delete [] reinterpret_cast<char *>(storage);
    }

    void
    update(Vector2dInfoBase *newinfo)
    {
        size_type size = this->size();
        newinfo->cvec.resize(size);
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            newinfo->cvec[i] = data(i)->value();
    }

    std::string ysubname(off_type i) const { return (*this->y_subnames)[i]; }

    Proxy
    operator[](off_type index)
    {
        off_type offset = index * y;
        assert (index >= 0 && offset + index < size());
        return Proxy(this, offset, y);
    }


    size_type
    size() const
    {
        return _size;
    }

    bool
    zero() const
    {
        return data(0)->zero();
#if 0
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            if (!data(i)->zero())
                return false;
        return true;
#endif
    }

    /**
     * Reset stat value to default
     */
    void
    reset()
    {
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            data(i)->reset(info());
    }

    bool
    check() const
    {
        return storage != NULL;
    }
};

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Non formula statistics
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * Templatized storage and interface for a distrbution stat.
 */
class DistStor
{
  public:
    /** The parameters for a distribution stat. */
    struct Params : public StorageParams
    {
        /** The minimum value to track. */
        Counter min;
        /** The maximum value to track. */
        Counter max;
        /** The number of entries in each bucket. */
        Counter bucket_size;
        /** The number of buckets. Equal to (max-min)/bucket_size. */
        size_type buckets;
    };
    enum { fancy = false };

  private:
    /** The minimum value to track. */
    Counter min_track;
    /** The maximum value to track. */
    Counter max_track;
    /** The number of entries in each bucket. */
    Counter bucket_size;
    /** The number of buckets. Equal to (max-min)/bucket_size. */
    size_type buckets;

    /** The smallest value sampled. */
    Counter min_val;
    /** The largest value sampled. */
    Counter max_val;
    /** The number of values sampled less than min. */
    Counter underflow;
    /** The number of values sampled more than max. */
    Counter overflow;
    /** The current sum. */
    Counter sum;
    /** The sum of squares. */
    Counter squares;
    /** The number of samples. */
    Counter samples;
    /** Counter for each bucket. */
    VCounter cvec;

  public:
    DistStor(Info *info)
        : cvec(safe_cast<const Params *>(info->storageParams)->buckets)
    {
        reset(info);
    }

    /**
     * Add a value to the distribution for the given number of times.
     * @param val The value to add.
     * @param number The number of times to add the value.
     */
    void
    sample(Counter val, int number)
    {
        if (val < min_track)
            underflow += number;
        else if (val > max_track)
            overflow += number;
        else {
            size_type index =
                (size_type)std::floor((val - min_track) / bucket_size);
            assert(index < size());
            cvec[index] += number;
        }

        if (val < min_val)
            min_val = val;

        if (val > max_val)
            max_val = val;

        Counter sample = val * number;
        sum += sample;
        squares += sample * sample;
        samples += number;
    }

    /**
     * Return the number of buckets in this distribution.
     * @return the number of buckets.
     */
    size_type size() const { return cvec.size(); }

    /**
     * Returns true if any calls to sample have been made.
     * @return True if any values have been sampled.
     */
    bool
    zero() const
    {
        return samples == Counter();
    }

    void
    update(Info *info, DistData &data)
    {
        const Params *params = safe_cast<const Params *>(info->storageParams);

        data.min_val = (min_val == CounterLimits::max()) ? 0 : min_val;
        data.max_val = (max_val == CounterLimits::min()) ? 0 : max_val;
        data.underflow = underflow;
        data.overflow = overflow;

        int buckets = params->buckets;
        data.cvec.resize(buckets);
        for (off_type i = 0; i < buckets; ++i)
            data.cvec[i] = cvec[i];

        data.sum = sum;
        data.squares = squares;
        data.samples = samples;
    }

    /**
     * Reset stat value to default
     */
    void
    reset(Info *info)
    {
        const Params *params = safe_cast<const Params *>(info->storageParams);
        min_track = params->min;
        max_track = params->max;
        bucket_size = params->bucket_size;

        min_val = CounterLimits::max();
        max_val = CounterLimits::min();
        underflow = 0;
        overflow = 0;

        size_type size = cvec.size();
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            cvec[i] = Counter();

        sum = Counter();
        squares = Counter();
        samples = Counter();
    }
};

/**
 * Templatized storage and interface for a distribution that calculates mean
 * and variance.
 */
class FancyStor
{
  public:
    struct Params : public StorageParams {};

  public:
    enum { fancy = true };

  private:
    /** The current sum. */
    Counter sum;
    /** The sum of squares. */
    Counter squares;
    /** The number of samples. */
    Counter samples;

  public:
    /**
     * Create and initialize this storage.
     */
    FancyStor(Info *info)
        : sum(Counter()), squares(Counter()), samples(Counter())
    { }

    /**
     * Add a value the given number of times to this running average.
     * Update the running sum and sum of squares, increment the number of
     * values seen by the given number.
     * @param val The value to add.
     * @param number The number of times to add the value.
     */
    void
    sample(Counter val, int number)
    {
        Counter value = val * number;
        sum += value;
        squares += value * value;
        samples += number;
    }

    void
    update(Info *info, DistData &data)
    {
        data.sum = sum;
        data.squares = squares;
        data.samples = samples;
    }

    /**
     * Return the number of entries in this stat, 1
     * @return 1.
     */
    size_type size() const { return 1; }

    /**
     * Return true if no samples have been added.
     * @return True if no samples have been added.
     */
    bool zero() const { return samples == Counter(); }

    /**
     * Reset stat value to default
     */
    void
    reset(Info *info)
    {
        sum = Counter();
        squares = Counter();
        samples = Counter();
    }
};

/**
 * Templatized storage for distribution that calculates per tick mean and
 * variance.
 */
class AvgFancy
{
  public:
    struct Params : public StorageParams {};

  public:
    enum { fancy = true };

  private:
    /** Current total. */
    Counter sum;
    /** Current sum of squares. */
    Counter squares;

  public:
    /**
     * Create and initialize this storage.
     */
    AvgFancy(Info *info)
        : sum(Counter()), squares(Counter())
    {}

    /**
     * Add a value to the distribution for the given number of times.
     * Update the running sum and sum of squares.
     * @param val The value to add.
     * @param number The number of times to add the value.
     */
    void
    sample(Counter val, int number)
    {
        Counter value = val * number;
        sum += value;
        squares += value * value;
    }

    void
    update(Info *info, DistData &data)
    {
        data.sum = sum;
        data.squares = squares;
        data.samples = curTick;
    }

    /**
     * Return the number of entries, in this case 1.
     * @return 1.
     */
    size_type size() const { return 1; }

    /**
     * Return true if no samples have been added.
     * @return True if the sum is zero.
     */
    bool zero() const { return sum == Counter(); }

    /**
     * Reset stat value to default
     */
    void
    reset(Info *info)
    {
        sum = Counter();
        squares = Counter();
    }
};

/**
 * Implementation of a distribution stat. The type of distribution is
 * determined by the Storage template. @sa ScalarBase
 */
template <class Stor>
class DistBase : public InfoAccess
{
  public:
    typedef Stor Storage;
    typedef typename Stor::Params Params;

  protected:
    /** The storage for this stat. */
    char storage[sizeof(Storage)] __attribute__ ((aligned (8)));

  protected:
    /**
     * Retrieve the storage.
     * @return The storage object for this stat.
     */
    Storage *
    data()
    {
        return reinterpret_cast<Storage *>(storage);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve a const pointer to the storage.
     * @return A const pointer to the storage object for this stat.
     */
    const Storage *
    data() const
    {
        return reinterpret_cast<const Storage *>(storage);
    }

    void
    doInit()
    {
        new (storage) Storage(info());
        setInit();
    }

  public:
    DistBase() { }

    /**
     * Add a value to the distribtion n times. Calls sample on the storage
     * class.
     * @param v The value to add.
     * @param n The number of times to add it, defaults to 1.
     */
    template <typename U>
    void sample(const U &v, int n = 1) { data()->sample(v, n); }

    /**
     * Return the number of entries in this stat.
     * @return The number of entries.
     */
    size_type size() const { return data()->size(); }
    /**
     * Return true if no samples have been added.
     * @return True if there haven't been any samples.
     */
    bool zero() const { return data()->zero(); }

    void
    update(DistInfoBase *base)
    {
        base->data.fancy = Storage::fancy;
        data()->update(info(), base->data);
    }

    /**
     * Reset stat value to default
     */
    void
    reset()
    {
        data()->reset(info());
    }
};

template <class Stat>
class DistProxy;

template <class Stor>
class VectorDistBase : public InfoAccess
{
  public:
    typedef Stor Storage;
    typedef typename Stor::Params Params;
    typedef DistProxy<VectorDistBase<Storage> > Proxy;
    friend class DistProxy<VectorDistBase<Storage> >;

  protected:
    Storage *storage;
    size_type _size;

  protected:
    Storage *
    data(off_type index)
    {
        return &storage[index];
    }

    const Storage *
    data(off_type index) const
    {
        return &storage[index];
    }

    void
    doInit(size_type s)
    {
        assert(s > 0 && "size must be positive!");
        assert(!storage && "already initialized");
        _size = s;

        char *ptr = new char[_size * sizeof(Storage)];
        storage = reinterpret_cast<Storage *>(ptr);

        for (off_type i = 0; i < _size; ++i)
            new (&storage[i]) Storage(info());

        setInit();
    }

  public:
    VectorDistBase()
        : storage(NULL)
    {}

    ~VectorDistBase()
    {
        if (!storage)
            return ;

        for (off_type i = 0; i < _size; ++i)
            data(i)->~Storage();
        delete [] reinterpret_cast<char *>(storage);
    }

    Proxy operator[](off_type index);

    size_type
    size() const
    {
        return _size;
    }

    bool
    zero() const
    {
        return false;
#if 0
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            if (!data(i)->zero())
                return false;
        return true;
#endif
    }

    /**
     * Reset stat value to default
     */
    void
    reset()
    {
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
            data(i)->reset(info());
    }

    bool
    check() const
    {
        return storage != NULL;
    }

    void
    update(VectorDistInfoBase *base)
    {
        size_type size = this->size();
        base->data.resize(size);
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            base->data[i].fancy = Storage::fancy;
            data(i)->update(info(), base->data[i]);
        }
    }
};

template <class Stat>
class DistProxy
{
  private:
    Stat *stat;
    off_type index;

  protected:
    typename Stat::Storage *data() { return stat->data(index); }
    const typename Stat::Storage *data() const { return stat->data(index); }

  public:
    DistProxy(Stat *s, off_type i)
        : stat(s), index(i)
    {}

    DistProxy(const DistProxy &sp)
        : stat(sp.stat), index(sp.index)
    {}

    const DistProxy &
    operator=(const DistProxy &sp)
    {
        stat = sp.stat;
        index = sp.index;
        return *this;
    }

  public:
    template <typename U>
    void
    sample(const U &v, int n = 1)
    {
        data()->sample(v, n);
    }

    size_type
    size() const
    {
        return 1;
    }

    bool
    zero() const
    {
        return data()->zero();
    }

    /**
     * Proxy has no state.  Nothing to reset.
     */
    void reset() { }
};

template <class Storage>
inline typename VectorDistBase<Storage>::Proxy
VectorDistBase<Storage>::operator[](off_type index)
{
    assert (index >= 0 && index < size());
    return typename VectorDistBase<Storage>::Proxy(this, index);
}

#if 0
template <class Storage>
Result
VectorDistBase<Storage>::total(off_type index) const
{
    Result total = 0.0;
    for (off_type i = 0; i < x_size(); ++i)
        total += data(i)->result();
}
#endif

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Formula Details
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * Base class for formula statistic node. These nodes are used to build a tree
 * that represents the formula.
 */
class Node : public RefCounted
{
  public:
    /**
     * Return the number of nodes in the subtree starting at this node.
     * @return the number of nodes in this subtree.
     */
    virtual size_type size() const = 0;
    /**
     * Return the result vector of this subtree.
     * @return The result vector of this subtree.
     */
    virtual const VResult &result() const = 0;
    /**
     * Return the total of the result vector.
     * @return The total of the result vector.
     */
    virtual Result total() const = 0;

    /**
     *
     */
    virtual std::string str() const = 0;
};

/** Reference counting pointer to a function Node. */
typedef RefCountingPtr<Node> NodePtr;

class ScalarStatNode : public Node
{
  private:
    const ScalarInfoBase *data;
    mutable VResult vresult;

  public:
    ScalarStatNode(const ScalarInfoBase *d) : data(d), vresult(1) {}

    const VResult &
    result() const
    {
        vresult[0] = data->result();
        return vresult;
    }

    Result total() const { return data->result(); };

    size_type size() const { return 1; }

    /**
     *
     */
    std::string str() const { return data->name; }
};

template <class Stat>
class ScalarProxyNode : public Node
{
  private:
    const ScalarProxy<Stat> proxy;
    mutable VResult vresult;

  public:
    ScalarProxyNode(const ScalarProxy<Stat> &p)
        : proxy(p), vresult(1)
    { }

    const VResult &
    result() const
    {
        vresult[0] = proxy.result();
        return vresult;
    }

    Result
    total() const
    {
        return proxy.result();
    }

    size_type
    size() const
    {
        return 1;
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    std::string
    str() const
    {
        return proxy.str();
    }
};

class VectorStatNode : public Node
{
  private:
    const VectorInfoBase *data;

  public:
    VectorStatNode(const VectorInfoBase *d) : data(d) { }
    const VResult &result() const { return data->result(); }
    Result total() const { return data->total(); };

    size_type size() const { return data->size(); }

    std::string str() const { return data->name; }
};

template <class T>
class ConstNode : public Node
{
  private:
    VResult vresult;

  public:
    ConstNode(T s) : vresult(1, (Result)s) {}
    const VResult &result() const { return vresult; }
    Result total() const { return vresult[0]; };
    size_type size() const { return 1; }
    std::string str() const { return to_string(vresult[0]); }
};

template <class T>
class ConstVectorNode : public Node
{
  private:
    VResult vresult;

  public:
    ConstVectorNode(const T &s) : vresult(s.begin(), s.end()) {}
    const VResult &result() const { return vresult; }

    Result
    total() const
    {
        size_type size = this->size();
        Result tmp = 0;
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size; i++)
            tmp += vresult[i];
        return tmp;
    }

    size_type size() const { return vresult.size(); }
    std::string
    str() const
    {
        size_type size = this->size();
        std::string tmp = "(";
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size; i++)
            tmp += csprintf("%s ",to_string(vresult[i]));
        tmp += ")";
        return tmp;
    }
};

template <class Op>
struct OpString;

template<>
struct OpString<std::plus<Result> >
{
    static std::string str() { return "+"; }
};

template<>
struct OpString<std::minus<Result> >
{
    static std::string str() { return "-"; }
};

template<>
struct OpString<std::multiplies<Result> >
{
    static std::string str() { return "*"; }
};

template<>
struct OpString<std::divides<Result> >
{
    static std::string str() { return "/"; }
};

template<>
struct OpString<std::modulus<Result> >
{
    static std::string str() { return "%"; }
};

template<>
struct OpString<std::negate<Result> >
{
    static std::string str() { return "-"; }
};

template <class Op>
class UnaryNode : public Node
{
  public:
    NodePtr l;
    mutable VResult vresult;

  public:
    UnaryNode(NodePtr &p) : l(p) {}

    const VResult &
    result() const
    {
        const VResult &lvec = l->result();
        size_type size = lvec.size();

        assert(size > 0);

        vresult.resize(size);
        Op op;
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            vresult[i] = op(lvec[i]);

        return vresult;
    }

    Result
    total() const
    {
        const VResult &vec = this->result();
        Result total = 0.0;
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); i++)
            total += vec[i];
        return total;
    }

    size_type size() const { return l->size(); }

    std::string
    str() const
    {
        return OpString<Op>::str() + l->str();
    }
};

template <class Op>
class BinaryNode : public Node
{
  public:
    NodePtr l;
    NodePtr r;
    mutable VResult vresult;

  public:
    BinaryNode(NodePtr &a, NodePtr &b) : l(a), r(b) {}

    const VResult &
    result() const
    {
        Op op;
        const VResult &lvec = l->result();
        const VResult &rvec = r->result();

        assert(lvec.size() > 0 && rvec.size() > 0);

        if (lvec.size() == 1 && rvec.size() == 1) {
            vresult.resize(1);
            vresult[0] = op(lvec[0], rvec[0]);
        } else if (lvec.size() == 1) {
            size_type size = rvec.size();
            vresult.resize(size);
            for (off_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
                vresult[i] = op(lvec[0], rvec[i]);
        } else if (rvec.size() == 1) {
            size_type size = lvec.size();
            vresult.resize(size);
            for (off_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
                vresult[i] = op(lvec[i], rvec[0]);
        } else if (rvec.size() == lvec.size()) {
            size_type size = rvec.size();
            vresult.resize(size);
            for (off_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
                vresult[i] = op(lvec[i], rvec[i]);
        }

        return vresult;
    }

    Result
    total() const
    {
        const VResult &vec = this->result();
        Result total = 0.0;
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size(); i++)
            total += vec[i];
        return total;
    }

    size_type
    size() const
    {
        size_type ls = l->size();
        size_type rs = r->size();
        if (ls == 1) {
            return rs;
        } else if (rs == 1) {
            return ls;
        } else {
            assert(ls == rs && "Node vector sizes are not equal");
            return ls;
        }
    }

    std::string
    str() const
    {
        return csprintf("(%s %s %s)", l->str(), OpString<Op>::str(), r->str());
    }
};

template <class Op>
class SumNode : public Node
{
  public:
    NodePtr l;
    mutable VResult vresult;

  public:
    SumNode(NodePtr &p) : l(p), vresult(1) {}

    const VResult &
    result() const
    {
        const VResult &lvec = l->result();
        size_type size = lvec.size();
        assert(size > 0);

        vresult[0] = 0.0;

        Op op;
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            vresult[0] = op(vresult[0], lvec[i]);

        return vresult;
    }

    Result
    total() const
    {
        const VResult &lvec = l->result();
        size_type size = lvec.size();
        assert(size > 0);

        Result vresult = 0.0;

        Op op;
        for (off_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            vresult = op(vresult, lvec[i]);

        return vresult;
    }

    size_type size() const { return 1; }

    std::string
    str() const
    {
        return csprintf("total(%s)", l->str());
    }
};


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Visible Statistics Types
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/**
 * @defgroup VisibleStats "Statistic Types"
 * These are the statistics that are used in the simulator.
 * @{
 */

/**
 * This is a simple scalar statistic, like a counter.
 * @sa Stat, ScalarBase, StatStor
 */
template<int N = 0>
class Scalar : public DataWrap<Scalar<N>, ScalarBase<StatStor>, ScalarInfo>
{
  public:
    /** The base implementation. */
    typedef ScalarBase<StatStor> Base;

    Scalar()
    {
        this->doInit();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the stat equal to the given value. Calls the base implementation
     * of operator=
     * @param v The new value.
     */
    template <typename U>
    void operator=(const U &v) { Base::operator=(v); }
};

class Value : public DataWrap<Value, ValueBase, ScalarInfo>
{
  public:
    /** The base implementation. */
    typedef ValueBase Base;

    template <class T>
    Value &
    scalar(T &value)
    {
        Base::scalar(value);
        return *this;
    }

    template <class T>
    Value &
    functor(T &func)
    {
        Base::functor(func);
        return *this;
    }
};

/**
 * A stat that calculates the per tick average of a value.
 * @sa Stat, ScalarBase, AvgStor
 */
template<int N = 0>
class Average : public DataWrap<Average<N>, ScalarBase<AvgStor>, ScalarInfo>
{
  public:
    /** The base implementation. */
    typedef ScalarBase<AvgStor> Base;

    Average()
    {
        this->doInit();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the stat equal to the given value. Calls the base implementation
     * of operator=
     * @param v The new value.
     */
    template <typename U>
    void
    operator=(const U &v)
    {
        Base::operator=(v);
    }
};

/**
 * A vector of scalar stats.
 * @sa Stat, VectorBase, StatStor
 */
template<int N = 0>
class Vector : public DataWrapVec<Vector<N>, VectorBase<StatStor>, VectorInfo>
{
  public:
    /** The base implementation. */
    typedef ScalarBase<StatStor> Base;

    /**
     * Set this vector to have the given size.
     * @param size The new size.
     * @return A reference to this stat.
     */
    Vector &
    init(size_type size)
    {
        this->doInit(size);
        return *this;
    }
};

/**
 * A vector of Average stats.
 * @sa Stat, VectorBase, AvgStor
 */
template<int N = 0>
class AverageVector
    : public DataWrapVec<AverageVector<N>, VectorBase<AvgStor>, VectorInfo>
{
  public:
    /**
     * Set this vector to have the given size.
     * @param size The new size.
     * @return A reference to this stat.
     */
    AverageVector &
    init(size_type size)
    {
        this->doInit(size);
        return *this;
    }
};

/**
 * A 2-Dimensional vecto of scalar stats.
 * @sa Stat, Vector2dBase, StatStor
 */
template<int N = 0>
class Vector2d
    : public DataWrapVec2d<Vector2d<N>, Vector2dBase<StatStor>, Vector2dInfo>
{
  public:
    Vector2d &
    init(size_type x, size_type y)
    {
        this->doInit(x, y);
        return *this;
    }
};

/**
 * A simple distribution stat.
 * @sa Stat, DistBase, DistStor
 */
template<int N = 0>
class Distribution
    : public DataWrap<Distribution<N>, DistBase<DistStor>, DistInfo>
{
  public:
    /** Base implementation. */
    typedef DistBase<DistStor> Base;

  public:
    /**
     * Set the parameters of this distribution. @sa DistStor::Params
     * @param min The minimum value of the distribution.
     * @param max The maximum value of the distribution.
     * @param bkt The number of values in each bucket.
     * @return A reference to this distribution.
     */
    Distribution &
    init(Counter min, Counter max, Counter bkt)
    {
        DistStor::Params *params = new DistStor::Params;
        params->min = min;
        params->max = max;
        params->bucket_size = bkt;
        params->buckets = (size_type)rint((max - min) / bkt + 1.0);
        this->setParams(params);
        this->doInit();
        return *this;
    }
};

/**
 * Calculates the mean and variance of all the samples.
 * @sa Stat, DistBase, FancyStor
 */
template<int N = 0>
class StandardDeviation
    : public DataWrap<StandardDeviation<N>, DistBase<FancyStor>, DistInfo>
{
  public:
    /** The base implementation */
    typedef DistBase<DistStor> Base;

  public:
    /**
     * Construct and initialize this distribution.
     */
    StandardDeviation()
    {
        this->doInit();
    }
};

/**
 * Calculates the per tick mean and variance of the samples.
 * @sa Stat, DistBase, AvgFancy
 */
template<int N = 0>
class AverageDeviation
    : public DataWrap<AverageDeviation<N>, DistBase<AvgFancy>, DistInfo>
{
  public:
    /** The base implementation */
    typedef DistBase<DistStor> Base;

  public:
    /**
     * Construct and initialize this distribution.
     */
    AverageDeviation()
    {
        this->doInit();
    }
};

/**
 * A vector of distributions.
 * @sa Stat, VectorDistBase, DistStor
 */
template<int N = 0>
class VectorDistribution
    : public DataWrapVec<VectorDistribution<N>,
                         VectorDistBase<DistStor>,
                         VectorDistInfo>
{
  public:
    /** The base implementation */
    typedef VectorDistBase<DistStor> Base;

  public:
    /**
     * Initialize storage and parameters for this distribution.
     * @param size The size of the vector (the number of distributions).
     * @param min The minimum value of the distribution.
     * @param max The maximum value of the distribution.
     * @param bkt The number of values in each bucket.
     * @return A reference to this distribution.
     */
    VectorDistribution &
    init(size_type size, Counter min, Counter max, Counter bkt)
    {
        DistStor::Params *params = new DistStor::Params;
        params->min = min;
        params->max = max;
        params->bucket_size = bkt;
        params->buckets = rint((max - min) / bkt + 1.0);
        this->setParams(params);
        this->doInit(size);
        return *this;
    }
};

/**
 * This is a vector of StandardDeviation stats.
 * @sa Stat, VectorDistBase, FancyStor
 */
template<int N = 0>
class VectorStandardDeviation
    : public DataWrapVec<VectorStandardDeviation<N>,
                         VectorDistBase<FancyStor>,
                         VectorDistInfo>
{
  public:
    /** The base implementation */
    typedef VectorDistBase<FancyStor> Base;

  public:
    /**
     * Initialize storage for this distribution.
     * @param size The size of the vector.
     * @return A reference to this distribution.
     */
    VectorStandardDeviation &
    init(size_type size)
    {
        this->doInit(size);
        return *this;
    }
};

/**
 * This is a vector of AverageDeviation stats.
 * @sa Stat, VectorDistBase, AvgFancy
 */
template<int N = 0>
class VectorAverageDeviation
    : public DataWrapVec<VectorAverageDeviation<N>,
                         VectorDistBase<AvgFancy>,
                         VectorDistInfo>
{
  public:
    /** The base implementation */
    typedef VectorDistBase<AvgFancy> Base;

  public:
    /**
     * Initialize storage for this distribution.
     * @param size The size of the vector.
     * @return A reference to this distribution.
     */
    VectorAverageDeviation &
    init(size_type size)
    {
        this->doInit(size);
        return *this;
    }
};

/**
 * A formula for statistics that is calculated when printed. A formula is
 * stored as a tree of Nodes that represent the equation to calculate.
 * @sa Stat, ScalarStat, VectorStat, Node, Temp
 */
class FormulaBase : public InfoAccess
{
  protected:
    /** The root of the tree which represents the Formula */
    NodePtr root;
    friend class Temp;

  public:
    /**
     * Return the result of the Fomula in a vector.  If there were no Vector
     * components to the Formula, then the vector is size 1.  If there were,
     * like x/y with x being a vector of size 3, then the result returned will
     * be x[0]/y, x[1]/y, x[2]/y, respectively.
     * @return The result vector.
     */
    void result(VResult &vec) const;

    /**
     * Return the total Formula result.  If there is a Vector
     * component to this Formula, then this is the result of the
     * Formula if the formula is applied after summing all the
     * components of the Vector.  For example, if Formula is x/y where
     * x is size 3, then total() will return (x[1]+x[2]+x[3])/y.  If
     * there is no Vector component, total() returns the same value as
     * the first entry in the VResult val() returns.
     * @return The total of the result vector.
     */
    Result total() const;

    /**
     * Return the number of elements in the tree.
     */
    size_type size() const;

    /**
     * Formulas don't need to be reset
     */
    void reset();

    /**
     *
     */
    bool zero() const;

    /**
     *
     */
    void update(Info *);

    std::string str() const;
};

class FormulaInfoBase : public VectorInfoBase
{
  public:
    virtual std::string str() const = 0;
};

template <class Stat>
class FormulaInfo : public InfoWrap<Stat, FormulaInfoBase>
{
  protected:
    mutable VResult vec;
    mutable VCounter cvec;

  public:
    FormulaInfo(Stat &stat) : InfoWrap<Stat, FormulaInfoBase>(stat) {}

    size_type size() const { return this->s.size(); }

    const VResult &
    result() const
    {
        this->s.result(vec);
        return vec;
    }
    Result total() const { return this->s.total(); }
    VCounter &value() const { return cvec; }

    void
    visit(Visit &visitor)
    {
        this->update();
        this->s.update(this);
        visitor.visit(*this);
    }

    std::string str() const { return this->s.str(); }
};

class Temp;
class Formula : public DataWrapVec<Formula, FormulaBase, FormulaInfo>
{
  public:
    /**
     * Create and initialize thie formula, and register it with the database.
     */
    Formula();

    /**
     * Create a formula with the given root node, register it with the
     * database.
     * @param r The root of the expression tree.
     */
    Formula(Temp r);

    /**
     * Set an unitialized Formula to the given root.
     * @param r The root of the expression tree.
     * @return a reference to this formula.
     */
    const Formula &operator=(Temp r);

    /**
     * Add the given tree to the existing one.
     * @param r The root of the expression tree.
     * @return a reference to this formula.
     */
    const Formula &operator+=(Temp r);
};

class FormulaNode : public Node
{
  private:
    const Formula &formula;
    mutable VResult vec;

  public:
    FormulaNode(const Formula &f) : formula(f) {}

    size_type size() const { return formula.size(); }
    const VResult &result() const { formula.result(vec); return vec; }
    Result total() const { return formula.total(); }

    std::string str() const { return formula.str(); }
};

/**
 * Helper class to construct formula node trees.
 */
class Temp
{
  protected:
    /**
     * Pointer to a Node object.
     */
    NodePtr node;

  public:
    /**
     * Copy the given pointer to this class.
     * @param n A pointer to a Node object to copy.
     */
    Temp(NodePtr n) : node(n) { }

    /**
     * Return the node pointer.
     * @return the node pointer.
     */
    operator NodePtr&() { return node; }

  public:
    /**
     * Create a new ScalarStatNode.
     * @param s The ScalarStat to place in a node.
     */
    template <int N>
    Temp(const Scalar<N> &s)
        : node(new ScalarStatNode(s.info()))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a new ScalarStatNode.
     * @param s The ScalarStat to place in a node.
     */
    Temp(const Value &s)
        : node(new ScalarStatNode(s.info()))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a new ScalarStatNode.
     * @param s The ScalarStat to place in a node.
     */
    template <int N>
    Temp(const Average<N> &s)
        : node(new ScalarStatNode(s.info()))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a new VectorStatNode.
     * @param s The VectorStat to place in a node.
     */
    template <int N>
    Temp(const Vector<N> &s)
        : node(new VectorStatNode(s.info()))
    { }

    /**
     *
     */
    Temp(const Formula &f)
        : node(new FormulaNode(f))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a new ScalarProxyNode.
     * @param p The ScalarProxy to place in a node.
     */
    template <class Stat>
    Temp(const ScalarProxy<Stat> &p)
        : node(new ScalarProxyNode<Stat>(p))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(signed char value)
        : node(new ConstNode<signed char>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(unsigned char value)
        : node(new ConstNode<unsigned char>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(signed short value)
        : node(new ConstNode<signed short>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(unsigned short value)
        : node(new ConstNode<unsigned short>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(signed int value)
        : node(new ConstNode<signed int>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(unsigned int value)
        : node(new ConstNode<unsigned int>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(signed long value)
        : node(new ConstNode<signed long>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(unsigned long value)
        : node(new ConstNode<unsigned long>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(signed long long value)
        : node(new ConstNode<signed long long>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(unsigned long long value)
        : node(new ConstNode<unsigned long long>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(float value)
        : node(new ConstNode<float>(value))
    { }

    /**
     * Create a ConstNode
     * @param value The value of the const node.
     */
    Temp(double value)
        : node(new ConstNode<double>(value))
    { }
};


/**
 * @}
 */

void check();
void dump();
void reset();
void registerResetCallback(Callback *cb);

inline Temp
operator+(Temp l, Temp r)
{
    return NodePtr(new BinaryNode<std::plus<Result> >(l, r));
}

inline Temp
operator-(Temp l, Temp r)
{
    return NodePtr(new BinaryNode<std::minus<Result> >(l, r));
}

inline Temp
operator*(Temp l, Temp r)
{
    return NodePtr(new BinaryNode<std::multiplies<Result> >(l, r));
}

inline Temp
operator/(Temp l, Temp r)
{
    return NodePtr(new BinaryNode<std::divides<Result> >(l, r));
}

inline Temp
operator-(Temp l)
{
    return NodePtr(new UnaryNode<std::negate<Result> >(l));
}

template <typename T>
inline Temp
constant(T val)
{
    return NodePtr(new ConstNode<T>(val));
}

template <typename T>
inline Temp
constantVector(T val)
{
    return NodePtr(new ConstVectorNode<T>(val));
}

inline Temp
sum(Temp val)
{
    return NodePtr(new SumNode<std::plus<Result> >(val));
}

std::list<Info *> &statsList();

/* namespace Stats */ }

#endif // __BASE_STATISTICS_HH__