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In preparation for work on progressive loading, update the exception
handling scheme slightly.
Until now, exceptions (as thrown with fz_throw, and caught with
fz_try/fz_catch) have merely had an informative string. They have
never had anything that can be compared to see if an error is of
a particular type.
We now introduce error codes; when we fz_throw, we now always
give an error code, and can optionally (using fz_throw_message)
give both an error code and an informative string.
When we fz_rethrow from within a fz_catch, both the error code and
the error message is maintained. Using fz_rethrow_message we can
'improve' the error message, but the code is maintained.
The error message can be read out using fz_caught_message() and the
error code can be read as fz_caught().
Currently we only define a 'generic' error. This will expand in future
versions to include other error types that may be tested for.
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Implementations remain unexposed, but this means we can safely
pass functions in shades without having to 'sample' them (though
we may still choose to do this for speed).
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This is faster on ARM in particular. The primary changes involve
fz_matrix, fz_rect and fz_bbox.
Rather than passing 'fz_rect r' into a function, we now consistently
pass 'const fz_rect *r'. Where a rect is passed in and modified, we
miss the 'const' off. Where possible, we return the pointer to the
modified structure to allow 'chaining' of expressions.
The basic upshot of this work is that we do far fewer copies of
rectangle/matrix structures, and all the copies we do are explicit.
This has opened the way to other optimisations, also performed in
this commit.
Rather than using expressions like:
fz_concat(fz_scale(sx, sy), fz_translate(tx, ty))
we now have fz_pre_{scale,translate,rotate} functions. These
can be implemented much more efficiently than doing the fully
fledged matrix multiplication that fz_concat requires.
We add fz_rect_{min,max} functions to return pointers to the
min/max points of a rect. These can be used to in transformations
to directly manipulate values.
With a little casting in the path transformation code we can avoid
more needless copying.
We rename fz_widget_bbox to the more consistent fz_bound_widget.
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If the Function entry does not point to either a dictionary or an
array, we should give up, otherwise we deference a NULL pointer.
Problem found in a test file, 1013.pdf.SIGSEGV.8a7.18 supplied
by Mateusz "j00ru" Jurczyk and Gynvael Coldwind of the Google
Security Team using Address Sanitizer. Many thanks!
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The pdf function code only expects a maximum of FZ_MAX_COLORS
component functions in a sampling function; more functions than
this causes a buffer overflow. Add some checks to avoid this.
Problem found in 1219.pdf.SIGSEGV.fc0.246, a test file supplied by
Mateusz "j00ru" Jurczyk and Gynvael Coldwind of the Google Security
Team using Address Sanitizer. Many thanks!
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This reduces memory use by another 10% on the 2 testfiles mentioned
in the previous commit (see bug 693330).
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Thanks to Sebras for pointing out our schitzophrenia here.
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The rest of the shading code and source code for other cases already handles
malformed entries in the same way.
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Currently, the mupdf code loads shadings at parse time, and
instantly decomposes them into a mesh of triangles. This mesh
of triangles is the transformed and rendered as required.
Unfortunately the storage space for the mesh is typically much
greater than the original representation.
In this commit, we move the shading stream parsing/decomposition
code into a general 'fz_process_mesh' function within res_shade.
We then grab a copy of the buffer at load time, and 'process'
(decompose/paint) at render time.
For the test file on the bug, memory falls from the reported 660Mb
to 30Mb. For another test file (txt9780547775815_ingested.pdf
page 271) it reduces memory use from 750Meg to 33Meg. These figures
could be further reduced by storing the compressed streams from the
pdf file rather than the uncompressed ones.
Incorporating typo fix and unused function removal from Sebras. Thanks.
Remove unused function in shading code
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This will allow the loading of pdf functions to validate that a pdf
function has the correct number of inputs/outputs. Additionally it
will allow for handling pdf functions with incorrect number of
inputs/outputs.
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Solves problem seen in torture.pdf - we now match acrobat.
Problem derived from normal_262.pdf
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Don't reset the size of arrays until we have successfully resized them.
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Attempt to separate public API from internal functions.
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Currently, we are in the slightly strange position of having
the PDF specific object types as part of fitz. Here we pull
them out into the pdf layer instead. This has been made possible
by the recent changes to make the store no longer be tied to
having fz_obj's as keys.
Most of this work is a simple huge rename; to help customers who
may have code that use such functions we have provided a sed
script to do the renaming; scripts/rename2.sed.
Various other small tweaks are required; the store used to have
some debugging code that still required knowledge of fz_obj
types - we extract that into a nicer 'type' based function
pointer. Also, the type 3 font handling used to have an fz_obj
pointer for type 3 resources, and therefore needed to know how
to free this; this has become a void * with a function to free
it.
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Introduce a new 'fz_image' type; this type contains rudimentary
information about images (such as native, size, colorspace etc)
and a function to call to get a pixmap of that image (with a
size hint).
Instead of passing pixmaps through the device interface (and
holding pixmaps in the display list) we now pass images instead.
The rendering routines therefore call fz_image_to_pixmap to get
pixmaps to render, and fz_pixmap_drop those afterwards.
The file format handling routines therefore need to produce
images rather than pixmaps; xps and cbz currently just wrap
pixmaps as images. PDF is more involved.
The stream handling routines in PDF have been altered so that
they can recognise when the last stream entry in a filter
dictionary is an image decoding filter. Rather than applying
this filter, they read and store the parameters into a
pdf_image_params structure, and stop decoding at that point.
This allows us to read the compressed data for an image into
memory as a block. We can then restart the image decode process
later.
pdf_images therefore consist of the compressed image data for
images. When a pixmap is requested for such an image, the code
checks to see if we have one (of an appropriate size), and if
not, decodes it.
The size hint is used to determine whether it is possible to
subsample the image; currently this is only supported for
JPEGs, but we could add generic subsampling code later.
In order to handle caching the produced images, various changes
have been made to the store and the underlying hash table.
Previously the store was indexed purely by fz_obj keys; we don't
have an fz_obj key any more, so have extended the store by adding
a concept of a key 'type'. A key type is a pointer to a set of
functions that keep/drop/compare and make a hashable key from
a key pointer.
We make a pdf_store.c file that contains functions to offer the
existing fz_obj based functions, and add a new 'type' for keys
(based on the fz_image handle, and the subsample factor) in the
pdf_image.c file.
While working on this, a problem became apparent in the existing
store codel; fz_obj objects had no protection on their reference
counts, hence an interpreter thread could try to alter a ref count
at the same time as a malloc caused an eviction from the store.
This has been solved by using the alloc lock as protection. This in
turn requires some tweaks to the code to make sure we don't try
and keep/drop fz_obj's from the store code while the alloc lock is
held.
A side effect of this work is that when a hash table is created, we
inform it what lock should be used to protect its innards (if any).
If the alloc lock is used, the insert method knows to drop/retake it
to allow it to safely expand the hash table. Callers to the hash
functions have the responsibility of taking/dropping the appropriate
lock, and ensuring that they cope with the possibility that insert
might drop the alloc lock, causing race conditions.
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This is a significant change to the use of locks in MuPDF.
Previously, the user had the option of passing us lock/unlock
functions for a single mutex as part of the allocation struct.
Now we remove these entries from the allocation struct, and
make a separate 'locks' struct. This enables people to use
fz_alloc_default with locking.
If multithreaded operation is required, then the user is
required to create FZ_LOCK_MAX mutexes, which will be locked
or unlocked by MuPDF calling the lock/unlock functions within
the new fz_locks_context structure passed in at context creation.
These mutexes are not required to be recursive (they may be, but
MuPDF should never call them in this way). MuPDF avoids deadlocks
by imposing a locking ordering on itself; a thread will never take
lock n, if it already holds any lock i for which 0 <= i <= n.
Currently, there are 4 locks used within MuPDF.
Lock 0: The alloc lock; taken around all calls to user supplied
(or default) allocation functions. Also taken around all accesses
to the refs field of storable items.
Lock 1: The store lock; taken whenever the store data structures
(specifically the linked list pointers) are accessed.
Lock 2: The file lock; taken whenever a thread is accessing the raw
file. We use the debugging macros to insist that this is held
whenever we do a file based seek or read. We also insist that this
is never held when we resolve an indirect reference, as this can
have the effect of moving the file pointer.
Lock 3: The glyphcache lock; taken whenever a thread calls freetype,
or accesses the glyphcache data structures. This introduces some
complexities w.r.t type3 fonts.
Locking can be hugely problematic, so to ease our minds as to
the correctness of this code, we introduce some debugging macros.
These compile away to nothing unless FITZ_DEBUG_LOCKING is defined.
fz_assert_lock_held(ctx, lock) checks that we hold lock.
fz_assert_lock_not_held(ctx, lock) checks that we do not hold lock.
In addition fz_lock_debug_lock and fz_lock_debug_unlock are used
on every fz_lock/fz_unlock to check the validity of the operation
we are performing - in particular it checks that we do/do not already
hold the lock we are trying to take/drop, and that by taking this
lock we are not violating our defined locking order.
The RESOLVE macro (used throughout the code to check whether we need
to resolve an indirect reference) calls fz_assert_lock_not_held to
ensure that we aren't about to resolve an indirect reference (and
hence move the stream pointer) when the file is locked.
In order to implement the file locking properly, pdf_open_stream
(and friends) now lock the file as a side effect (because they
fz_seek to the start of the stream). The lock is automatically
dropped on an fz_close of such streams.
Previously, the glyph cache was created in a context when it was first
required; this presents problems as it can be shared between several
contexts or not, depending on whether it is created before the
contexts are cloned. We now always create it at startup, so it is
always shared.
This means that we need reference counting for the glyph caches.
Added here.
In fz_render_glyph, we take the glyph cache lock, and check to see
whether the glyph is in the cache. If it is, we bump the refcount,
drop the lock and returned the cached character. If it is not, we
need to render the character.
For freetype based fonts we keep the lock throughout the rendering
process, thus ensuring that freetype is only called in a single
threaded manner.
For type3 fonts, however, we need to invoke the interpreter again
to render the glyph streams. This can require reentrance to this
routine. We therefore drop the glyph cache lock, call the
interpreter to render us our pixmap, and take the lock again.
This dropping and retaking of the lock introduces a possible race
condition; 2 threads may try to render the same character at the
same time. We therefore modify our hash table insert routines to
behave differently if it comes to insert an entry only to find
that an entry with the same key is already there.
We spot this case; if we have just rendered a type3 glyph and when
we try to insert it into the cache discover that someone has beaten
us to it, we just discard our entry and use the cached one.
Hopefully this will seldom be a problem in practise; to solve it
properly would require greater complexity (probably involving
spotting that another thread is already working on the desired
rendering, and sleeping on a semaphore until it completes).
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In error cases, ensure we free objects correctly. Thanks to Zeniko
for finding the problems (and many of the solutions!)
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gcc 4.4.5 gives helpful warnings about variables that can become
unset due to setjmp/longjmp usage. Fix that here.
Thanks to Sebras.
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The new fz_malloc_struct(A,B) macro allocates sizeof(B) bytes using
fz_malloc, and then passes the resultant pointer to Memento_label
to label it with "B".
This costs nothing in non-memento builds, but gives much nicer
listings of leaked blocks when memento is enabled.
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Firstly, we rename pdf_store to fz_store, reflecting the fact that
there are no pdf specific dependencies on it.
Next, we rework it so that all the objects that can be stored in
the store start with an fz_storable structure. This consists of
a reference count, and a function used to free the object when
the reference count reaches zero.
All the keep/drop functions are then reimplemented by calling
fz_keep_sharable/fz_drop_sharable. The 'drop' functions as supplied
by the callers are thus now 'free' functions, only called if
the reference count drops to 0.
The store changes to keep all the items in the store in the linked
list (which becomes a doubly linked one). We still make use of
the hashtable to index into this list quickly, but we now have
the objects in an LRU ordering within the list.
Every object is put into the store, with a size record; this is
an estimate of how much memory would be freed by freeing that
object.
The store is moved into the context and given a maximum size;
when new things are inserted into the store, care is taken to
ensure that we do not expand beyond this size. We evict any
stored items (that are not in use) starting from the least
recently used.
Finding an object in the store now takes a reference to it already.
LOCK and UNLOCK comments are used to indicate where locks need to
be taken and released to ensure thread safety.
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Also: use 'cannot' instead of 'failed to' in error messages.
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When using exceptions (which are implemented using setjmp/longjmp), we
need to be careful to ensure that variable values get written back
before any exception happens.
Previously we've done that using volatile, but that produces nasty
warnings (and unduly limits the compilers freedom to optimise). Here
we introduce a new macro fz_var that passes the address of the variable
out of scope. This means that the compiler has to ensure that any
changes to its value are written back to memory before calling any
out of scope function.
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Mostly redoing the xps_context to xps_document change and adding
contexts to newly written code.
Conflicts:
apps/pdfapp.c
apps/pdfapp.h
apps/x11_main.c
apps/xpsdraw.c
draw/draw_device.c
draw/draw_scale.c
fitz/base_object.c
fitz/fitz.h
pdf/mupdf.h
pdf/pdf_interpret.c
pdf/pdf_outline.c
pdf/pdf_page.c
xps/muxps.h
xps/xps_doc.c
xps/xps_xml.c
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This frees us from passing errors back everywhere, and hence enables us
to pass results back as return values.
Rather than having to explicitly check for errors everywhere and bubble
them, we now allow exception handling to do the work for us; the
downside to this is that we no longer emit as much debugging information
as we did before (though this could be put back in). For now, the
debugging information we have lost has been retained in comments
with 'RJW:' at the start.
This code needs fuller testing, but is being committed as a work in
progress.
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Huge pervasive change to lots of files, adding a context for exception
handling and allocation.
In time we'll move more statics into there.
Also fix some for(i = 0; i < function(...); i++) calls.
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Import exception handling code from WSS, modified to fit into the
fitz world.
With this code we have 'real' fz_try/fz_catch/fz_rethrow functions,
handling a fz_except type. We therefore rename the existing fz_throw/
fz_catch/fz_rethrow to be fz_error_make/fz_error_handle/fz_error_note.
We don't actually use fz_try/fz_catch/fz_rethrow yet...
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Also put the function on the same line for inline functions, so
they stick out and are easy to find with grep.
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The run-together words are dead! Long live the underscores!
The postscript inspired naming convention of using all run-together
words has served us well, but it is now time for more readable code.
In this commit I have also added the sed script, rename.sed, that I used
to convert the source. Use it on your patches and application code.
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