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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>mutool run: reference</title>
<style>
body{margin:2em;max-width:50em;line-height:1.4em}
dl,pre{margin-left:2em;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
MuPDF from JavaScript
</h1>
<p>
The 'mutool run' command executes a JavaScript program, which has access to most of the features of the MuPDF library.
The command supports ECMAScript 5 syntax in strict mode.
All of the MuPDF constructors and functions live in the global object, and the command line arguments are accessible
from the global 'argv' object.
<pre>
mutool run script.js [ arguments ... ]
</pre>
<p>
If invoked without any arguments, it will drop you into an interactive REPL (read-eval-print-loop).
On the interactive prompt, if you prefix a line with an equal ('=') character it will automatically print the result
of the line.
<h2>
Example scripts
</h2>
<p>
Create and edit PDF documents:
<ul>
<li><a href="examples/pdf-create-lowlevel.js">pdf-create-lowlevel.js</a>: Create PDF document from scratch using only low level functions.
<li><a href="examples/pdf-create.js">pdf-create.js</a>: Create PDF document from scratch, using helper functions.
<li><a href="examples/pdf-merge.js">pdf-merge.js</a>: Merge pages from multiple PDF documents into one PDF file.
</ul>
<p>
Graphics and the device interface:
<ul>
<li><a href="examples/draw-document.js">draw-document.js</a>: Draw all pages in a document to PNG files.
<li><a href="examples/draw-device.js">draw-device.js</a>: Use device API to draw graphics and save as a PNG file.
<li><a href="examples/trace-device.js">trace-device.js</a>: Implement a device in JavaScript.
</ul>
<p>
Advanced examples:
<ul>
<li><a href="create-thumbnail.js">create-thumbnail.js</a>: Create a PDF from rendered page thumbnails.
</ul>
<h2>
JavaScript Shell
</h2>
<p>
Several global functions that are common for command line shells are available:
<dl>
<dt>gc(report)
<dd>Run the garbage collector to free up memory. Optionally report statistics on the garbage collection.
<dt>load(fileName)
<dd>Load and execute script in 'fileName'.
<dt>print(...)
<dd>Print arguments to stdout, separated by spaces and followed by a newline.
<dt>quit()
<dd>Exit the shell.
<dt>read(fileName)
<dd>Read the contents of a file and return them as a UTF-8 decoded string.
<dt>readline()
<dd>Read one line of input from stdin and return it as a string.
<dt>require(module)
<dd>Load a JavaScript module.
<dt>write(...)
<dd>Print arguments to stdout, separated by spaces.
</dl>
<h2>
Buffer
</h2>
<p>
The Buffer objects are used for working with binary data.
They can be used much like arrays, but are much more efficient since they
only store bytes.
<dl>
<dt>new Buffer()
<dd>Create a new empty buffer.
<dt>readFile(fileName)
<dd>Create a new buffer with the contents of a file.
<dt>Buffer#length
<dd>The number of bytes in the buffer.
<dt>Buffer#[n]
<dd>Read/write the byte at index 'n'. Will throw exceptions on out of bounds accesses.
<dt>Buffer#writeByte(b)
<dd>Append a single byte to the end of the buffer.
<dt>Buffer#writeRune(c)
<dd>Encode a unicode character as UTF-8 and append to the end of the buffer.
<dt>Buffer#writeLine(...)
<dd>Append arguments to the end of the buffer, separated by spaces, ending with a newline.
<dt>Buffer#write(...)
<dd>Append arguments to the end of the buffer, separated by spaces.
<dt>Buffer#save(fileName)
<dd>Write the contents of the buffer to a file.
</dl>
<h2>
Matrices and Rectangles
</h2>
<p>
Matrices are simply 6-element arrays representing a 3-by-3 transformation matrix as
<pre>
/ a b 0 \
| c d 0 |
\ e f 1 /
</pre>
<p>
This matrix is represented in JavaScript as <code>[a,b,c,d,e,f]</code>.
<dl>
<dt>Identity
<dd>The identity matrix, short hand for <code>[1,0,0,1,0,0]</code>.
<dt>Scale(sx, sy)
<dd>Return a scaling matrix, short hand for <code>[sx,0,0,sy,0,0]</code>.
<dt>Translate(tx, ty)
<dd>Return a translation matrix, short hand for <code>[1,0,0,1,tx,ty]</code>.
<dt>Concat(a, b)
<dd>Concatenate matrixes a and b. Bear in mind that matrix multiplication is not commutative.
</dl>
<p>
Rectangles are 4-element arrays, specifying the minimum and maximum corners (typically
upper left and lower right, in a coordinate space with the origin at the top left with
descending y): <code>[ulx,uly,lrx,lry]</code>.
<p>
If the minimum x coordinate is bigger than the maximum x coordinate, MuPDF treats the rectangle
as infinite in size.
<h2>
Document and Page
</h2>
<p>
MuPDF can open many document types (PDF, XPS, CBZ, EPUB, FB2 and a handful of image formats).
<dl>
<dt>new Document(fileName)
<dd>Open the named document.
<dt>Document#needsPassword()
<dd>Returns true if a password is required to open this password protected PDF.
<dt>Document#authenticatePassword(password)
<dd>Returns true if the password matches.
<dt>Document#getMetaData(key)
<dd>Return various meta data information. The common keys are: "format", "encryption", "info:Author", and "info:Title".
<dt>Document#toPDF()
<dd>Returns a PDFDocument (see below) or null if the document is not a PDF.
<dt>Document#layout(pageWidth, pageHeight, fontSize)
<dd>Layout a reflowable document (EPUB, FB2, or XHTML) to fit the specified page and font size.
<dt>Document#countPages()
<dd>Count the number of pages in the document. This may change if you call the layout function with different parameters.
<dt>Document#loadPage(number)
<dd>Returns a Page object for the given page number. Page number zero (0) is the first page in the document.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Page#bound()
<dd>Returns a rectangle containing the page dimensions.
<dt>Page#run(device, transform)
<dd>Calls device functions for all the contents on the page, using the specified transform matrix.
The device can be one of the built-in devices or a JavaScript object with methods for the device calls.
<dt>Page#toPixmap(transform, colorspace)
<dd>Render the page into a Pixmap, using the transform and colorspace.
<dt>Page#toDisplayList()
<dd>Record the contents on the page into a DisplayList.
<dt>Page#search(needle)
<dd>Search for 'needle' text on the page, and return an array with rectangles of all matches found.
</dl>
<h2>
ColorSpace
</h2>
<dl>
<dt>DeviceGray
<dd>The default grayscale colorspace.
<dt>DeviceRGB
<dd>The default RGB colorspace.
<dt>DeviceBGR
<dd>The default RGB colorspace, but with components in reverse order.
<dt>DeviceCMYK
<dd>The default CMYK colorspace.
<dt>ColorSpace#getNumberOfComponents()
<dd>A grayscale colorspace has one component, RGB has 3, CMYK has 4, and DeviceN may have any number of components.
</dl>
<h2>
Pixmap
</h2>
<p>
A Pixmap object contains a color raster image (short for pixel map).
The components in a pixel in the pixmap are all byte values, with the transparency as the last component.
A pixmap also has a location (x, y) in addition to its size; so that they can easily be used to represent
tiles of a page.
<dl>
<dt>new Pixmap(colorspace, bounds)
<dd>Create a new pixmap. The pixel data is <b>not</b> initialized; and will contain garbage.
<dt>Pixmap#clear(value)
<dd>Clear the pixels to the specifed value. Pass 255 for white, or undefined for transparent.
<dt>Pixmap#bound()
<dd>Return the pixmap bounds.
<dt>Pixmap#getWidth()
<dt>Pixmap#getHeight()
<dt>Pixmap#getNumberOfComponents()
<dt>Pixmap#getStride()
<dd>Number of bytes per row.
<dt>Pixmap#getColorSpace()
<dt>Pixmap#getXResolution()
<dt>Pixmap#getYResolution()
<dd>Image resolution in dots per inch.
<dt>Pixmap#getSample(x, y, k)
<dd>Get the value of component k at position x, y (relative to the image origin: 0, 0 is the top left pixel).
<dt>Pixmap#saveAsPNG(fileName, saveAlpha)
<dd>Save the pixmap as a PNG. Only works for Gray and RGB images.
</dl>
<h2>
DrawDevice
</h2>
<p>
The DrawDevice can be used to render to a Pixmap; either by running a Page with it or by calling its methods directly.
<dl>
<dt>new DrawDevice(pixmap)
<dd>Create a device for drawing into a pixmap. The pixmap bounds used should match the transformed page bounds,
or you can adjust them to only draw a part of the page.
</dl>
<h2>
DisplayList and DisplayListDevice
</h2>
<p>
A display list records all the device calls for playback later.
If you want to run a page through several devices, or run it multiple times for any other reason,
recording the page to a display list and replaying the display list may be a performance gain
since then you can avoid reinterpreting the page each time. Be aware though, that a display list
will keep all the graphics required in memory, so will increase the amount of memory required.
<dl>
<dt>new DisplayList()
<dd>Create an empty display list.
<dt>DisplayList#run(device, transform)
<dd>Play back the recorded device calls onto the device.
<dt>DisplayList#toPixmap(transform, colorspace, solid)
<dd>Render display list to a pixmap. If solid is true, it will render to a white background, otherwise transparent.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>new DisplayListDevice(displayList)
<dd>Create a device for recording onto a display list.
</dl>
<h2>
Device
</h2>
<p>
All built-in devices have the methods listed below. Any function that accepts a device will also
accept a JavaScript object with the same methods. Any missing methods are simply ignored, so you
only need to create methods for the device calls you care about.
<p>
Many of the methods take graphics objects as arguments: Path, Text, Image and Shade.
<p>
The stroking state is a dictionary with keys for:
<dl>
<dt>startCap, dashCap, endCap:
<dd>"Butt", "Round", "Square", or "Triangle".
<dt>lineCap:
<dd>Set startCap, dashCap, and endCap all at once.
<dt>lineJoin:
<dd>"Miter", "Round", "Bevel", or "MiterXPS".
<dt>lineWidth:
<dd>Thickness of the line.
<dt>miterLimit:
<dd>Maximum ratio of the miter length to line width, before beveling the join instead.
<dt>dashPhase:
<dd>Starting offset for dash pattern.
<dt>dashes:
<dd>Array of on/off dash lengths.
</dl>
<p>
Colors are specified as arrays with the appropriate number of components for the color space.
<p>
The methods that clip graphics must be balanced with a corresponding popClip.
<dl>
<dt>Device#fillPath(path, evenOdd, transform, colorspace, color, alpha)
<dt>Device#strokePath(path, stroke, transform)
<dt>Device#clipPath(path, evenOdd, transform, colorspace, color, alpha)
<dt>Device#clipStrokePath(path, stroke, transform)
<dd>Fill/stroke/clip a path.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Device#fillText(text, transform, colorspace, color, alpha)
<dt>Device#strokeText(text, stroke, transform, colorspace, color, alpha)
<dt>Device#clipText(text, transform)
<dt>Device#clipStrokeText(text, stroke, transform)
<dd>Fill/stroke/clip a text object.
<dt>Device#ignoreText(text, transform)
<dd>Invisible text that can be searched but should not be visible, such as for overlaying a scanned OCR image.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Device#fillShade(shade, transform, alpha)
<dd>Fill a shade (a.k.a. gradient). TODO: this details of gradient fills are not exposed to JavaScript yet.
<dt>Device#fillImage(shade, transform, alpha)
<dd>Draw an image. An image always fills a unit rectangle [0,0,1,1], so must be transformed to be placed and drawn at the appropriate size.
<dt>Device#fillImageMask(shade, transform, colorspace, color, alpha)
<dd>An image mask is an image without color. Fill with the color where the image is opaque.
<dt>Device#clipImageMask(shade, transform)
<dd>Clip graphics using the image to mask the areas to be drawn.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Device#beginMask(area, luminosity, backdropColorspace, backdropColor)
<dt>Device#endMask()
<dd>Create a soft mask. Any drawing commands between beginMask and endMask are grouped and used as a clip mask.
If luminosity is true, the mask is derived from the luminosity (grayscale value) of the graphics drawn;
otherwise the color is ignored completely and the mask is derived from the alpha of the group.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Device#popClip()
<dd>Pop the clip mask installed by the last clipping operation.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Device#beginGroup(area, isolated, knockout, blendmode, alpha)
<dt>Device#endGroup()
<dd>Push/pop a transparency blending group. Blendmode is one of the standard PDF blend modes: "Normal", "Multiply", "Screen", etc. See the PDF reference for details on isolated and knockout.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Device#beginTile(areaRect, viewRect, xStep, yStep, transform)
<dt>Device#endTile()
<dd>Draw a tiling pattern. Any drawing commands between beginTile and endTile are grouped and then repeated across the whole page.
Apply a clip mask to restrict the pattern to the desired shape.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Device#close()
<dd>Tell the device that we are done, and flush any pending output.
</dl>
<h2>
Path
</h2>
<p>
A Path object represents vector graphics as drawn by a pen. A path can be either stroked or filled, or used as a clip mask.
<dl>
<dt>new Path()
<dd>Create a new empty path.
<dt>Path#moveTo(x, y)
<dd>Lift and move the pen to the coordinate.
<dt>Path#lineTo(x, y)
<dd>Draw a line to the coordinate.
<dt>Path#curveTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)
<dd>Draw a cubic bezier curve to (x3,y3) using (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) as control points.
<dt>Path#closePath()
<dd>Close the path by drawing a line to the last moveTo.
<dt>Path#rect(x1, y1, x2, y2)
<dd>Shorthand for moveTo, lineTo, lineTo, lineTo, closePath to draw a rectangle.
<dt>Path#walk(pathWalker)
<dd>Call moveTo, lineTo, curveTo and closePath methods on the pathWalker to replay the path.
</dl>
<h2>
Text
</h2>
<p>
A Text object contains text.
<dl>
<dt>new Text()
<dd>Create a new empty text object.
<dt>Text#showGlyph(font, transform, glyph, unicode, wmode)
<dd>Add a glyph to the text object. Transform is the text matrix, specifying font size and glyph location. For example: <code>[size,0,0,-size,x,y]</code>.
Glyph and unicode may be -1 for n-to-m cluster mappings.
For example, the "fi" ligature would be added in two steps: first the glyph for the 'fi' ligature and the unicode value for 'f';
then glyph -1 and the unicode value for 'i'.
WMode is 0 for horizontal writing, and 1 for vertical writing.
<dt>Text#showString(font, transform, string)
<dd>Add a simple string to the text object. Will do font substitution if the font does not have all the unicode characters required.
<dt>Text#walk(textWalker)
<dd>Call showGlyph on textWalker for each glyph in the text object.
</dl>
<h2>
Font
</h2>
<p>
Font objects can be created from TrueType, OpenType, Type1 or CFF fonts.
In PDF there are also special Type3 fonts.
<dl>
<dt>new Font(fontName or fileName)
<dd>Create a new font, either using a built-in font name or a filename.
The built-in fonts are: Times-Roman, Times-Italic, Times-Bold, Times-BoldItalic,
Helvetica, Helvetica-Oblique, Helvetica-Bold, Helvetica-BoldOblique,
Courier, Courier-Oblique, Courier-Bold, Courier-BoldOblique,
Symbol, and ZapfDingbats.
<dt>Font#getName()
<dd>Get the font name.
<dt>Font#encodeCharacter(unicode)
<dd>Get the glyph index for a unicode character. Glyph zero (.notdef) is returned if the font does not have a glyph for the character.
<dt>Font#advanceGlyph(glyph, wmode)
<dd>Return advance width for a glyph in either horizontal or vertical writing mode.
</dl>
<h2>
Image
</h2>
<p>
Image objects are similar to Pixmaps, but can contain compressed data.
<dl>
<dt>new Image(pixmap or fileName)
<dd>Create a new image from a pixmap data, or load an image from a file.
<dt>Image#getWidth()
<dt>Image#getHeight()
<dd>Image size in pixels.
<dt>Image#getXResolution()
<dt>Image#getYResolution()
<dd>Image resolution in dots per inch.
<dt>Image#getColorSpace()
<dt>Image#toPixmap(scaledWidth, scaledHeight)
<dd>Create a pixmap from the image. The scaledWidth and scaledHeight arguments are optional,
but may be used to decode a down-scaled pixmap.
</dl>
<h2>
PDFDocument and PDFObject
</h2>
<p>
With MuPDF it is also possible to create, edit and manipulate PDF documents
using low level access to the objects and streams contained in a PDF file.
<dl>
<dt>new PDFDocument()
<dd>Create a new empty PDF document.
<dt>new PDFDocument(fileName)
<dd>Load a PDF document from file.
<dt>Document#toPDF()
<dd>Get access to the raw PDFDocument from a Document; returns null if the document is not a PDF.
<dt>PDFDocument#toDocument()
<dd>Cast the PDF document to a Document.
<dt>PDFDocument#save(fileName, options)
<dd>Write the PDF document to file.
The write options are a string of flag characters:
<br>l: linearize,
<br>g: garbage collect, gg: ...and compact, ggg: ...and de-duplicate,
<br>p: pretty-print objects,
<br>a: ascii hex encode streams,
<br>f: compress fonts,
<br>i: compress images,
<br>z: compress all streams,
<br>d: decompress all streams (except fonts or images if 'f' or 'i'),
<br>s: sanitize content streams.
</dl>
<h3>
PDF Object Access
</h3>
<p>
A PDF document contains objects, similar to those in JavaScript: arrays, dictionaries, strings, booleans, and numbers.
At the root of the PDF document is the trailer object; which contains pointers to the meta data dictionary and the
catalog object which contains the pages and other information.
<p>
Pointers in PDF are also called indirect references,
and are of the form "32 0 R" (where 32 is the object number, 0 is the generation, and R is magic syntax).
All functions in MuPDF dereference indirect references automatically.
<p>
PDF has two types of strings: /Names and (Strings). All dictionary keys are names.
<p>
Some dictionaries in PDF also have attached binary data. These are called streams, and may be compressed.
<dl>
<dt>PDFDocument#getTrailer()
<dd>The trailer dictionary. This contains indirect references to the Root and Info dictionaries.
<dt>PDFDocument#countObjects()
<dd>Return the number of objects in the PDF. Object number 0 is reserved, and may not be used for anything.
<dt>PDFDocument#createObject()
<dd>Allocate a new numbered object in the PDF, and return an indirect reference to it.
The object itself is uninitialized.
<dt>PDFDocument#deleteObject(obj)
<dd>Delete the object referred to by the indirect reference.
</dl>
<p>
PDFObjects are always bound to the document that created them.
Do NOT mix and match objects from one document with another document!
<dl>
<dt>PDFDocument#addObject(obj)
<dd>Add 'obj' to the PDF as a numbered object, and return an indirect reference to it.
<dt>PDFDocument#addStream(buffer)
<dd>Create a stream object with the contents of 'buffer', add it to the PDF, and return an indirect reference to it.
<dt>PDFDocument#newNull()
<dt>PDFDocument#newBoolean(boolean)
<dt>PDFDocument#newInteger(number)
<dt>PDFDocument#newReal(number)
<dt>PDFDocument#newString(string)
<dt>PDFDocument#newName(string)
<dt>PDFDocument#newIndirect(objectNumber, generation)
<dt>PDFDocument#newArray()
<dt>PDFDocument#newDictionary()
</dl>
<p>
All functions that take PDF objects, do automatic translation between JavaScript objects
and PDF objects using a few basic rules. Null, booleans, and numbers are translated directly.
JavaScript strings are translated to PDF names, unless they are surrounded by parentheses:
"Foo" becomes the PDF name /Foo and "(Foo)" becomes the PDF string (Foo).
<p>
Arrays and dictionaries are recursively translated to PDF arrays and dictionaries.
Be aware of cycles though! The translation does NOT cope with cyclic references!
<p>
The translation goes both ways: PDF dictionaries and arrays can be accessed similarly
to JavaScript objects and arrays by getting and setting their properties.
<dl>
<dt>PDFObject#get(key or index)
<dt>PDFObject#put(key or index, value)
<dt>PDFObject#delete(key or index)
<dd>Access dictionaries and arrays. Dictionaries and arrays can also be accessed using normal property syntax: obj.Foo = 42; delete obj.Foo; x = obj[5].
<dt>PDFObject#resolve()
<dd>If the object is an indirect reference, return the object it points to; otherwise return the object itself.
<dt>PDFObject#isArray()
<dt>PDFObject#isDictionary()
<dt>PDFObject#forEach(function(key,value){...})
<dd>Iterate over all the entries in a dictionary or array and call fun for each key-value pair.
</dl>
<p>
The only way to access a stream is via an indirect object, since all streams
are numbered objects.
<dl>
<dt>PDFObject#isIndirect()
<dd>Is the object an indirect reference.
<dt>PDFObject#toIndirect()
<dd>Return the object number the indirect reference points to.
<dt>PDFObject#isStream()
<dd>True if the object is an indirect reference pointing to a stream.
<dt>PDFObject#readStream()
<dd>Read the contents of the stream object into a Buffer.
<dt>PDFObject#readRawStream()
<dd>Read the raw, uncompressed, contents of the stream object into a Buffer.
<dt>PDFObject#writeObject(obj)
<dd>Update the object the indirect reference points to.
<dt>PDFObject#writeStream(buffer)
<dd>Update the contents of the stream the indirect reference points to.
This will update the Length, Filter and DecodeParms automatically.
<dt>PDFObject#writeRawStream(buffer)
<dd>Update the raw, uncompressed, contents of the stream the indirect reference points to.
This will update the Length automatically, but leave the Filter and DecodeParms untouched.
</dl>
<h3>
PDF Page Access
</h3>
<p>
All page objects are structured into a page tree, which defines the order the pages appear in.
<dl>
<dt>PDFDocument#countPages()
<dd>Number of pages in the document.
<dt>PDFDocument#findPage(number)
<dd>Return the page object for a page number. The first page is number zero.
<dt>PDFDocument#deletePage(number)
<dd>Delete the numbered page.
<dt>PDFDocument#insertPage(at, page)
<dd>Insert the page object in the page tree at the location. If 'at' is -1, at the end of the document.
</dl>
<p>
Pages consist of a content stream, and a resource dictionary containing all of the fonts and images used.
<dl>
<dt>PDFDocument#addPage(mediabox, rotate, resources, contents)
<dd>Create a new page object. Note: this function does NOT add it to the page tree.
<dt>PDFDocument#addSimpleFont(font)
<dd>Create a PDF object from the Font object as a WinAnsiEncoding encoded simple font.
<dt>PDFDocument#addFont(font)
<dd>Create a PDF object from the Font object as an Identity-H encoded CID font.
<dt>PDFDocument#addImage(image)
<dd>Create a PDF object from the Image object.
</dl>
<h2>
TODO
</h2>
<p>
There are several areas in MuPDF that still need bindings to access from JavaScript:
<ul>
<li>Shadings
<li>PDFDocument#graftObject()
<li>PDFWriteDevice
<li>DocumentWriter
</ul>
<p>
Copyright © 2016 Artifex Software
</body>
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