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authordsinclair <dsinclair@chromium.org>2016-04-20 07:32:39 -0700
committerCommit bot <commit-bot@chromium.org>2016-04-20 07:32:39 -0700
commit685bb88433b7520946e30a1e520d37bfc2288151 (patch)
treefbcb1fdc49cdc27d5bf064915513717cb8e11f14 /third_party/pymock
parentf5a1ee807d74b28917d5c2377c4ece611883bcd1 (diff)
downloadpdfium-685bb88433b7520946e30a1e520d37bfc2288151.tar.xz
Standalone GN build.
This CL setups up a standalone GN build. You'll need to set gn args similar to: use_goma = true clang_use_chrome_plugins = false pdf_enable_xfa = true pdf_enable_v8 = true pdf_is_standalone = true The third_party/pymock files are needed to make git cl upload work correctly. BUG=pdfium:106 Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/1904563002
Diffstat (limited to 'third_party/pymock')
-rw-r--r--third_party/pymock/LICENSE.txt26
-rw-r--r--third_party/pymock/OWNERS1
-rw-r--r--third_party/pymock/README.chromium10
-rw-r--r--third_party/pymock/mock.py2367
4 files changed, 2404 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/third_party/pymock/LICENSE.txt b/third_party/pymock/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7891703b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/pymock/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Copyright (c) 2003-2012, Michael Foord
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+ disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+ with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/third_party/pymock/OWNERS b/third_party/pymock/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9946560376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/pymock/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sbc@chromium.org
diff --git a/third_party/pymock/README.chromium b/third_party/pymock/README.chromium
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..255c2bfeb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/pymock/README.chromium
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Name: mock
+URL: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/mock
+Version: 1.0.1
+Security Critical: no
+License: BSD
+License File: NOT_SHIPPED
+Description:
+Python mock library, currently used by native_client_sdk. This is the
+same mock library that is now part of python 3.3 where it is know as
+unittest.mock.
diff --git a/third_party/pymock/mock.py b/third_party/pymock/mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8fc5d1d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/pymock/mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2367 @@
+# mock.py
+# Test tools for mocking and patching.
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2012 Michael Foord & the mock team
+# E-mail: fuzzyman AT voidspace DOT org DOT uk
+
+# mock 1.0
+# http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/
+
+# Released subject to the BSD License
+# Please see http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/license.shtml
+
+# Scripts maintained at http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml
+# Comments, suggestions and bug reports welcome.
+
+
+__all__ = (
+ 'Mock',
+ 'MagicMock',
+ 'patch',
+ 'sentinel',
+ 'DEFAULT',
+ 'ANY',
+ 'call',
+ 'create_autospec',
+ 'FILTER_DIR',
+ 'NonCallableMock',
+ 'NonCallableMagicMock',
+ 'mock_open',
+ 'PropertyMock',
+)
+
+
+__version__ = '1.0.1'
+
+
+import pprint
+import sys
+
+try:
+ import inspect
+except ImportError:
+ # for alternative platforms that
+ # may not have inspect
+ inspect = None
+
+try:
+ from functools import wraps as original_wraps
+except ImportError:
+ # Python 2.4 compatibility
+ def wraps(original):
+ def inner(f):
+ f.__name__ = original.__name__
+ f.__doc__ = original.__doc__
+ f.__module__ = original.__module__
+ f.__wrapped__ = original
+ return f
+ return inner
+else:
+ if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 3):
+ wraps = original_wraps
+ else:
+ def wraps(func):
+ def inner(f):
+ f = original_wraps(func)(f)
+ f.__wrapped__ = func
+ return f
+ return inner
+
+try:
+ unicode
+except NameError:
+ # Python 3
+ basestring = unicode = str
+
+try:
+ long
+except NameError:
+ # Python 3
+ long = int
+
+try:
+ BaseException
+except NameError:
+ # Python 2.4 compatibility
+ BaseException = Exception
+
+try:
+ next
+except NameError:
+ def next(obj):
+ return obj.next()
+
+
+BaseExceptions = (BaseException,)
+if 'java' in sys.platform:
+ # jython
+ import java
+ BaseExceptions = (BaseException, java.lang.Throwable)
+
+try:
+ _isidentifier = str.isidentifier
+except AttributeError:
+ # Python 2.X
+ import keyword
+ import re
+ regex = re.compile(r'^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*$', re.I)
+ def _isidentifier(string):
+ if string in keyword.kwlist:
+ return False
+ return regex.match(string)
+
+
+inPy3k = sys.version_info[0] == 3
+
+# Needed to work around Python 3 bug where use of "super" interferes with
+# defining __class__ as a descriptor
+_super = super
+
+self = 'im_self'
+builtin = '__builtin__'
+if inPy3k:
+ self = '__self__'
+ builtin = 'builtins'
+
+FILTER_DIR = True
+
+
+def _is_instance_mock(obj):
+ # can't use isinstance on Mock objects because they override __class__
+ # The base class for all mocks is NonCallableMock
+ return issubclass(type(obj), NonCallableMock)
+
+
+def _is_exception(obj):
+ return (
+ isinstance(obj, BaseExceptions) or
+ isinstance(obj, ClassTypes) and issubclass(obj, BaseExceptions)
+ )
+
+
+class _slotted(object):
+ __slots__ = ['a']
+
+
+DescriptorTypes = (
+ type(_slotted.a),
+ property,
+)
+
+
+def _getsignature(func, skipfirst, instance=False):
+ if inspect is None:
+ raise ImportError('inspect module not available')
+
+ if isinstance(func, ClassTypes) and not instance:
+ try:
+ func = func.__init__
+ except AttributeError:
+ return
+ skipfirst = True
+ elif not isinstance(func, FunctionTypes):
+ # for classes where instance is True we end up here too
+ try:
+ func = func.__call__
+ except AttributeError:
+ return
+
+ if inPy3k:
+ try:
+ argspec = inspect.getfullargspec(func)
+ except TypeError:
+ # C function / method, possibly inherited object().__init__
+ return
+ regargs, varargs, varkw, defaults, kwonly, kwonlydef, ann = argspec
+ else:
+ try:
+ regargs, varargs, varkwargs, defaults = inspect.getargspec(func)
+ except TypeError:
+ # C function / method, possibly inherited object().__init__
+ return
+
+ # instance methods and classmethods need to lose the self argument
+ if getattr(func, self, None) is not None:
+ regargs = regargs[1:]
+ if skipfirst:
+ # this condition and the above one are never both True - why?
+ regargs = regargs[1:]
+
+ if inPy3k:
+ signature = inspect.formatargspec(
+ regargs, varargs, varkw, defaults,
+ kwonly, kwonlydef, ann, formatvalue=lambda value: "")
+ else:
+ signature = inspect.formatargspec(
+ regargs, varargs, varkwargs, defaults,
+ formatvalue=lambda value: "")
+ return signature[1:-1], func
+
+
+def _check_signature(func, mock, skipfirst, instance=False):
+ if not _callable(func):
+ return
+
+ result = _getsignature(func, skipfirst, instance)
+ if result is None:
+ return
+ signature, func = result
+
+ # can't use self because "self" is common as an argument name
+ # unfortunately even not in the first place
+ src = "lambda _mock_self, %s: None" % signature
+ checksig = eval(src, {})
+ _copy_func_details(func, checksig)
+ type(mock)._mock_check_sig = checksig
+
+
+def _copy_func_details(func, funcopy):
+ funcopy.__name__ = func.__name__
+ funcopy.__doc__ = func.__doc__
+ #funcopy.__dict__.update(func.__dict__)
+ funcopy.__module__ = func.__module__
+ if not inPy3k:
+ funcopy.func_defaults = func.func_defaults
+ return
+ funcopy.__defaults__ = func.__defaults__
+ funcopy.__kwdefaults__ = func.__kwdefaults__
+
+
+def _callable(obj):
+ if isinstance(obj, ClassTypes):
+ return True
+ if getattr(obj, '__call__', None) is not None:
+ return True
+ return False
+
+
+def _is_list(obj):
+ # checks for list or tuples
+ # XXXX badly named!
+ return type(obj) in (list, tuple)
+
+
+def _instance_callable(obj):
+ """Given an object, return True if the object is callable.
+ For classes, return True if instances would be callable."""
+ if not isinstance(obj, ClassTypes):
+ # already an instance
+ return getattr(obj, '__call__', None) is not None
+
+ klass = obj
+ # uses __bases__ instead of __mro__ so that we work with old style classes
+ if klass.__dict__.get('__call__') is not None:
+ return True
+
+ for base in klass.__bases__:
+ if _instance_callable(base):
+ return True
+ return False
+
+
+def _set_signature(mock, original, instance=False):
+ # creates a function with signature (*args, **kwargs) that delegates to a
+ # mock. It still does signature checking by calling a lambda with the same
+ # signature as the original.
+ if not _callable(original):
+ return
+
+ skipfirst = isinstance(original, ClassTypes)
+ result = _getsignature(original, skipfirst, instance)
+ if result is None:
+ # was a C function (e.g. object().__init__ ) that can't be mocked
+ return
+
+ signature, func = result
+
+ src = "lambda %s: None" % signature
+ checksig = eval(src, {})
+ _copy_func_details(func, checksig)
+
+ name = original.__name__
+ if not _isidentifier(name):
+ name = 'funcopy'
+ context = {'_checksig_': checksig, 'mock': mock}
+ src = """def %s(*args, **kwargs):
+ _checksig_(*args, **kwargs)
+ return mock(*args, **kwargs)""" % name
+ exec (src, context)
+ funcopy = context[name]
+ _setup_func(funcopy, mock)
+ return funcopy
+
+
+def _setup_func(funcopy, mock):
+ funcopy.mock = mock
+
+ # can't use isinstance with mocks
+ if not _is_instance_mock(mock):
+ return
+
+ def assert_called_with(*args, **kwargs):
+ return mock.assert_called_with(*args, **kwargs)
+ def assert_called_once_with(*args, **kwargs):
+ return mock.assert_called_once_with(*args, **kwargs)
+ def assert_has_calls(*args, **kwargs):
+ return mock.assert_has_calls(*args, **kwargs)
+ def assert_any_call(*args, **kwargs):
+ return mock.assert_any_call(*args, **kwargs)
+ def reset_mock():
+ funcopy.method_calls = _CallList()
+ funcopy.mock_calls = _CallList()
+ mock.reset_mock()
+ ret = funcopy.return_value
+ if _is_instance_mock(ret) and not ret is mock:
+ ret.reset_mock()
+
+ funcopy.called = False
+ funcopy.call_count = 0
+ funcopy.call_args = None
+ funcopy.call_args_list = _CallList()
+ funcopy.method_calls = _CallList()
+ funcopy.mock_calls = _CallList()
+
+ funcopy.return_value = mock.return_value
+ funcopy.side_effect = mock.side_effect
+ funcopy._mock_children = mock._mock_children
+
+ funcopy.assert_called_with = assert_called_with
+ funcopy.assert_called_once_with = assert_called_once_with
+ funcopy.assert_has_calls = assert_has_calls
+ funcopy.assert_any_call = assert_any_call
+ funcopy.reset_mock = reset_mock
+
+ mock._mock_delegate = funcopy
+
+
+def _is_magic(name):
+ return '__%s__' % name[2:-2] == name
+
+
+class _SentinelObject(object):
+ "A unique, named, sentinel object."
+ def __init__(self, name):
+ self.name = name
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ return 'sentinel.%s' % self.name
+
+
+class _Sentinel(object):
+ """Access attributes to return a named object, usable as a sentinel."""
+ def __init__(self):
+ self._sentinels = {}
+
+ def __getattr__(self, name):
+ if name == '__bases__':
+ # Without this help(mock) raises an exception
+ raise AttributeError
+ return self._sentinels.setdefault(name, _SentinelObject(name))
+
+
+sentinel = _Sentinel()
+
+DEFAULT = sentinel.DEFAULT
+_missing = sentinel.MISSING
+_deleted = sentinel.DELETED
+
+
+class OldStyleClass:
+ pass
+ClassType = type(OldStyleClass)
+
+
+def _copy(value):
+ if type(value) in (dict, list, tuple, set):
+ return type(value)(value)
+ return value
+
+
+ClassTypes = (type,)
+if not inPy3k:
+ ClassTypes = (type, ClassType)
+
+_allowed_names = set(
+ [
+ 'return_value', '_mock_return_value', 'side_effect',
+ '_mock_side_effect', '_mock_parent', '_mock_new_parent',
+ '_mock_name', '_mock_new_name'
+ ]
+)
+
+
+def _delegating_property(name):
+ _allowed_names.add(name)
+ _the_name = '_mock_' + name
+ def _get(self, name=name, _the_name=_the_name):
+ sig = self._mock_delegate
+ if sig is None:
+ return getattr(self, _the_name)
+ return getattr(sig, name)
+ def _set(self, value, name=name, _the_name=_the_name):
+ sig = self._mock_delegate
+ if sig is None:
+ self.__dict__[_the_name] = value
+ else:
+ setattr(sig, name, value)
+
+ return property(_get, _set)
+
+
+
+class _CallList(list):
+
+ def __contains__(self, value):
+ if not isinstance(value, list):
+ return list.__contains__(self, value)
+ len_value = len(value)
+ len_self = len(self)
+ if len_value > len_self:
+ return False
+
+ for i in range(0, len_self - len_value + 1):
+ sub_list = self[i:i+len_value]
+ if sub_list == value:
+ return True
+ return False
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ return pprint.pformat(list(self))
+
+
+def _check_and_set_parent(parent, value, name, new_name):
+ if not _is_instance_mock(value):
+ return False
+ if ((value._mock_name or value._mock_new_name) or
+ (value._mock_parent is not None) or
+ (value._mock_new_parent is not None)):
+ return False
+
+ _parent = parent
+ while _parent is not None:
+ # setting a mock (value) as a child or return value of itself
+ # should not modify the mock
+ if _parent is value:
+ return False
+ _parent = _parent._mock_new_parent
+
+ if new_name:
+ value._mock_new_parent = parent
+ value._mock_new_name = new_name
+ if name:
+ value._mock_parent = parent
+ value._mock_name = name
+ return True
+
+
+
+class Base(object):
+ _mock_return_value = DEFAULT
+ _mock_side_effect = None
+ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+ pass
+
+
+
+class NonCallableMock(Base):
+ """A non-callable version of `Mock`"""
+
+ def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
+ # every instance has its own class
+ # so we can create magic methods on the
+ # class without stomping on other mocks
+ new = type(cls.__name__, (cls,), {'__doc__': cls.__doc__})
+ instance = object.__new__(new)
+ return instance
+
+
+ def __init__(
+ self, spec=None, wraps=None, name=None, spec_set=None,
+ parent=None, _spec_state=None, _new_name='', _new_parent=None,
+ **kwargs
+ ):
+ if _new_parent is None:
+ _new_parent = parent
+
+ __dict__ = self.__dict__
+ __dict__['_mock_parent'] = parent
+ __dict__['_mock_name'] = name
+ __dict__['_mock_new_name'] = _new_name
+ __dict__['_mock_new_parent'] = _new_parent
+
+ if spec_set is not None:
+ spec = spec_set
+ spec_set = True
+
+ self._mock_add_spec(spec, spec_set)
+
+ __dict__['_mock_children'] = {}
+ __dict__['_mock_wraps'] = wraps
+ __dict__['_mock_delegate'] = None
+
+ __dict__['_mock_called'] = False
+ __dict__['_mock_call_args'] = None
+ __dict__['_mock_call_count'] = 0
+ __dict__['_mock_call_args_list'] = _CallList()
+ __dict__['_mock_mock_calls'] = _CallList()
+
+ __dict__['method_calls'] = _CallList()
+
+ if kwargs:
+ self.configure_mock(**kwargs)
+
+ _super(NonCallableMock, self).__init__(
+ spec, wraps, name, spec_set, parent,
+ _spec_state
+ )
+
+
+ def attach_mock(self, mock, attribute):
+ """
+ Attach a mock as an attribute of this one, replacing its name and
+ parent. Calls to the attached mock will be recorded in the
+ `method_calls` and `mock_calls` attributes of this one."""
+ mock._mock_parent = None
+ mock._mock_new_parent = None
+ mock._mock_name = ''
+ mock._mock_new_name = None
+
+ setattr(self, attribute, mock)
+
+
+ def mock_add_spec(self, spec, spec_set=False):
+ """Add a spec to a mock. `spec` can either be an object or a
+ list of strings. Only attributes on the `spec` can be fetched as
+ attributes from the mock.
+
+ If `spec_set` is True then only attributes on the spec can be set."""
+ self._mock_add_spec(spec, spec_set)
+
+
+ def _mock_add_spec(self, spec, spec_set):
+ _spec_class = None
+
+ if spec is not None and not _is_list(spec):
+ if isinstance(spec, ClassTypes):
+ _spec_class = spec
+ else:
+ _spec_class = _get_class(spec)
+
+ spec = dir(spec)
+
+ __dict__ = self.__dict__
+ __dict__['_spec_class'] = _spec_class
+ __dict__['_spec_set'] = spec_set
+ __dict__['_mock_methods'] = spec
+
+
+ def __get_return_value(self):
+ ret = self._mock_return_value
+ if self._mock_delegate is not None:
+ ret = self._mock_delegate.return_value
+
+ if ret is DEFAULT:
+ ret = self._get_child_mock(
+ _new_parent=self, _new_name='()'
+ )
+ self.return_value = ret
+ return ret
+
+
+ def __set_return_value(self, value):
+ if self._mock_delegate is not None:
+ self._mock_delegate.return_value = value
+ else:
+ self._mock_return_value = value
+ _check_and_set_parent(self, value, None, '()')
+
+ __return_value_doc = "The value to be returned when the mock is called."
+ return_value = property(__get_return_value, __set_return_value,
+ __return_value_doc)
+
+
+ @property
+ def __class__(self):
+ if self._spec_class is None:
+ return type(self)
+ return self._spec_class
+
+ called = _delegating_property('called')
+ call_count = _delegating_property('call_count')
+ call_args = _delegating_property('call_args')
+ call_args_list = _delegating_property('call_args_list')
+ mock_calls = _delegating_property('mock_calls')
+
+
+ def __get_side_effect(self):
+ sig = self._mock_delegate
+ if sig is None:
+ return self._mock_side_effect
+ return sig.side_effect
+
+ def __set_side_effect(self, value):
+ value = _try_iter(value)
+ sig = self._mock_delegate
+ if sig is None:
+ self._mock_side_effect = value
+ else:
+ sig.side_effect = value
+
+ side_effect = property(__get_side_effect, __set_side_effect)
+
+
+ def reset_mock(self):
+ "Restore the mock object to its initial state."
+ self.called = False
+ self.call_args = None
+ self.call_count = 0
+ self.mock_calls = _CallList()
+ self.call_args_list = _CallList()
+ self.method_calls = _CallList()
+
+ for child in self._mock_children.values():
+ if isinstance(child, _SpecState):
+ continue
+ child.reset_mock()
+
+ ret = self._mock_return_value
+ if _is_instance_mock(ret) and ret is not self:
+ ret.reset_mock()
+
+
+ def configure_mock(self, **kwargs):
+ """Set attributes on the mock through keyword arguments.
+
+ Attributes plus return values and side effects can be set on child
+ mocks using standard dot notation and unpacking a dictionary in the
+ method call:
+
+ >>> attrs = {'method.return_value': 3, 'other.side_effect': KeyError}
+ >>> mock.configure_mock(**attrs)"""
+ for arg, val in sorted(kwargs.items(),
+ # we sort on the number of dots so that
+ # attributes are set before we set attributes on
+ # attributes
+ key=lambda entry: entry[0].count('.')):
+ args = arg.split('.')
+ final = args.pop()
+ obj = self
+ for entry in args:
+ obj = getattr(obj, entry)
+ setattr(obj, final, val)
+
+
+ def __getattr__(self, name):
+ if name == '_mock_methods':
+ raise AttributeError(name)
+ elif self._mock_methods is not None:
+ if name not in self._mock_methods or name in _all_magics:
+ raise AttributeError("Mock object has no attribute %r" % name)
+ elif _is_magic(name):
+ raise AttributeError(name)
+
+ result = self._mock_children.get(name)
+ if result is _deleted:
+ raise AttributeError(name)
+ elif result is None:
+ wraps = None
+ if self._mock_wraps is not None:
+ # XXXX should we get the attribute without triggering code
+ # execution?
+ wraps = getattr(self._mock_wraps, name)
+
+ result = self._get_child_mock(
+ parent=self, name=name, wraps=wraps, _new_name=name,
+ _new_parent=self
+ )
+ self._mock_children[name] = result
+
+ elif isinstance(result, _SpecState):
+ result = create_autospec(
+ result.spec, result.spec_set, result.instance,
+ result.parent, result.name
+ )
+ self._mock_children[name] = result
+
+ return result
+
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ _name_list = [self._mock_new_name]
+ _parent = self._mock_new_parent
+ last = self
+
+ dot = '.'
+ if _name_list == ['()']:
+ dot = ''
+ seen = set()
+ while _parent is not None:
+ last = _parent
+
+ _name_list.append(_parent._mock_new_name + dot)
+ dot = '.'
+ if _parent._mock_new_name == '()':
+ dot = ''
+
+ _parent = _parent._mock_new_parent
+
+ # use ids here so as not to call __hash__ on the mocks
+ if id(_parent) in seen:
+ break
+ seen.add(id(_parent))
+
+ _name_list = list(reversed(_name_list))
+ _first = last._mock_name or 'mock'
+ if len(_name_list) > 1:
+ if _name_list[1] not in ('()', '().'):
+ _first += '.'
+ _name_list[0] = _first
+ name = ''.join(_name_list)
+
+ name_string = ''
+ if name not in ('mock', 'mock.'):
+ name_string = ' name=%r' % name
+
+ spec_string = ''
+ if self._spec_class is not None:
+ spec_string = ' spec=%r'
+ if self._spec_set:
+ spec_string = ' spec_set=%r'
+ spec_string = spec_string % self._spec_class.__name__
+ return "<%s%s%s id='%s'>" % (
+ type(self).__name__,
+ name_string,
+ spec_string,
+ id(self)
+ )
+
+
+ def __dir__(self):
+ """Filter the output of `dir(mock)` to only useful members.
+ XXXX
+ """
+ extras = self._mock_methods or []
+ from_type = dir(type(self))
+ from_dict = list(self.__dict__)
+
+ if FILTER_DIR:
+ from_type = [e for e in from_type if not e.startswith('_')]
+ from_dict = [e for e in from_dict if not e.startswith('_') or
+ _is_magic(e)]
+ return sorted(set(extras + from_type + from_dict +
+ list(self._mock_children)))
+
+
+ def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+ if name in _allowed_names:
+ # property setters go through here
+ return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+ elif (self._spec_set and self._mock_methods is not None and
+ name not in self._mock_methods and
+ name not in self.__dict__):
+ raise AttributeError("Mock object has no attribute '%s'" % name)
+ elif name in _unsupported_magics:
+ msg = 'Attempting to set unsupported magic method %r.' % name
+ raise AttributeError(msg)
+ elif name in _all_magics:
+ if self._mock_methods is not None and name not in self._mock_methods:
+ raise AttributeError("Mock object has no attribute '%s'" % name)
+
+ if not _is_instance_mock(value):
+ setattr(type(self), name, _get_method(name, value))
+ original = value
+ value = lambda *args, **kw: original(self, *args, **kw)
+ else:
+ # only set _new_name and not name so that mock_calls is tracked
+ # but not method calls
+ _check_and_set_parent(self, value, None, name)
+ setattr(type(self), name, value)
+ self._mock_children[name] = value
+ elif name == '__class__':
+ self._spec_class = value
+ return
+ else:
+ if _check_and_set_parent(self, value, name, name):
+ self._mock_children[name] = value
+ return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+
+
+ def __delattr__(self, name):
+ if name in _all_magics and name in type(self).__dict__:
+ delattr(type(self), name)
+ if name not in self.__dict__:
+ # for magic methods that are still MagicProxy objects and
+ # not set on the instance itself
+ return
+
+ if name in self.__dict__:
+ object.__delattr__(self, name)
+
+ obj = self._mock_children.get(name, _missing)
+ if obj is _deleted:
+ raise AttributeError(name)
+ if obj is not _missing:
+ del self._mock_children[name]
+ self._mock_children[name] = _deleted
+
+
+
+ def _format_mock_call_signature(self, args, kwargs):
+ name = self._mock_name or 'mock'
+ return _format_call_signature(name, args, kwargs)
+
+
+ def _format_mock_failure_message(self, args, kwargs):
+ message = 'Expected call: %s\nActual call: %s'
+ expected_string = self._format_mock_call_signature(args, kwargs)
+ call_args = self.call_args
+ if len(call_args) == 3:
+ call_args = call_args[1:]
+ actual_string = self._format_mock_call_signature(*call_args)
+ return message % (expected_string, actual_string)
+
+
+ def assert_called_with(_mock_self, *args, **kwargs):
+ """assert that the mock was called with the specified arguments.
+
+ Raises an AssertionError if the args and keyword args passed in are
+ different to the last call to the mock."""
+ self = _mock_self
+ if self.call_args is None:
+ expected = self._format_mock_call_signature(args, kwargs)
+ raise AssertionError('Expected call: %s\nNot called' % (expected,))
+
+ if self.call_args != (args, kwargs):
+ msg = self._format_mock_failure_message(args, kwargs)
+ raise AssertionError(msg)
+
+
+ def assert_called_once_with(_mock_self, *args, **kwargs):
+ """assert that the mock was called exactly once and with the specified
+ arguments."""
+ self = _mock_self
+ if not self.call_count == 1:
+ msg = ("Expected to be called once. Called %s times." %
+ self.call_count)
+ raise AssertionError(msg)
+ return self.assert_called_with(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+ def assert_has_calls(self, calls, any_order=False):
+ """assert the mock has been called with the specified calls.
+ The `mock_calls` list is checked for the calls.
+
+ If `any_order` is False (the default) then the calls must be
+ sequential. There can be extra calls before or after the
+ specified calls.
+
+ If `any_order` is True then the calls can be in any order, but
+ they must all appear in `mock_calls`."""
+ if not any_order:
+ if calls not in self.mock_calls:
+ raise AssertionError(
+ 'Calls not found.\nExpected: %r\n'
+ 'Actual: %r' % (calls, self.mock_calls)
+ )
+ return
+
+ all_calls = list(self.mock_calls)
+
+ not_found = []
+ for kall in calls:
+ try:
+ all_calls.remove(kall)
+ except ValueError:
+ not_found.append(kall)
+ if not_found:
+ raise AssertionError(
+ '%r not all found in call list' % (tuple(not_found),)
+ )
+
+
+ def assert_any_call(self, *args, **kwargs):
+ """assert the mock has been called with the specified arguments.
+
+ The assert passes if the mock has *ever* been called, unlike
+ `assert_called_with` and `assert_called_once_with` that only pass if
+ the call is the most recent one."""
+ kall = call(*args, **kwargs)
+ if kall not in self.call_args_list:
+ expected_string = self._format_mock_call_signature(args, kwargs)
+ raise AssertionError(
+ '%s call not found' % expected_string
+ )
+
+
+ def _get_child_mock(self, **kw):
+ """Create the child mocks for attributes and return value.
+ By default child mocks will be the same type as the parent.
+ Subclasses of Mock may want to override this to customize the way
+ child mocks are made.
+
+ For non-callable mocks the callable variant will be used (rather than
+ any custom subclass)."""
+ _type = type(self)
+ if not issubclass(_type, CallableMixin):
+ if issubclass(_type, NonCallableMagicMock):
+ klass = MagicMock
+ elif issubclass(_type, NonCallableMock) :
+ klass = Mock
+ else:
+ klass = _type.__mro__[1]
+ return klass(**kw)
+
+
+
+def _try_iter(obj):
+ if obj is None:
+ return obj
+ if _is_exception(obj):
+ return obj
+ if _callable(obj):
+ return obj
+ try:
+ return iter(obj)
+ except TypeError:
+ # XXXX backwards compatibility
+ # but this will blow up on first call - so maybe we should fail early?
+ return obj
+
+
+
+class CallableMixin(Base):
+
+ def __init__(self, spec=None, side_effect=None, return_value=DEFAULT,
+ wraps=None, name=None, spec_set=None, parent=None,
+ _spec_state=None, _new_name='', _new_parent=None, **kwargs):
+ self.__dict__['_mock_return_value'] = return_value
+
+ _super(CallableMixin, self).__init__(
+ spec, wraps, name, spec_set, parent,
+ _spec_state, _new_name, _new_parent, **kwargs
+ )
+
+ self.side_effect = side_effect
+
+
+ def _mock_check_sig(self, *args, **kwargs):
+ # stub method that can be replaced with one with a specific signature
+ pass
+
+
+ def __call__(_mock_self, *args, **kwargs):
+ # can't use self in-case a function / method we are mocking uses self
+ # in the signature
+ _mock_self._mock_check_sig(*args, **kwargs)
+ return _mock_self._mock_call(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+ def _mock_call(_mock_self, *args, **kwargs):
+ self = _mock_self
+ self.called = True
+ self.call_count += 1
+ self.call_args = _Call((args, kwargs), two=True)
+ self.call_args_list.append(_Call((args, kwargs), two=True))
+
+ _new_name = self._mock_new_name
+ _new_parent = self._mock_new_parent
+ self.mock_calls.append(_Call(('', args, kwargs)))
+
+ seen = set()
+ skip_next_dot = _new_name == '()'
+ do_method_calls = self._mock_parent is not None
+ name = self._mock_name
+ while _new_parent is not None:
+ this_mock_call = _Call((_new_name, args, kwargs))
+ if _new_parent._mock_new_name:
+ dot = '.'
+ if skip_next_dot:
+ dot = ''
+
+ skip_next_dot = False
+ if _new_parent._mock_new_name == '()':
+ skip_next_dot = True
+
+ _new_name = _new_parent._mock_new_name + dot + _new_name
+
+ if do_method_calls:
+ if _new_name == name:
+ this_method_call = this_mock_call
+ else:
+ this_method_call = _Call((name, args, kwargs))
+ _new_parent.method_calls.append(this_method_call)
+
+ do_method_calls = _new_parent._mock_parent is not None
+ if do_method_calls:
+ name = _new_parent._mock_name + '.' + name
+
+ _new_parent.mock_calls.append(this_mock_call)
+ _new_parent = _new_parent._mock_new_parent
+
+ # use ids here so as not to call __hash__ on the mocks
+ _new_parent_id = id(_new_parent)
+ if _new_parent_id in seen:
+ break
+ seen.add(_new_parent_id)
+
+ ret_val = DEFAULT
+ effect = self.side_effect
+ if effect is not None:
+ if _is_exception(effect):
+ raise effect
+
+ if not _callable(effect):
+ result = next(effect)
+ if _is_exception(result):
+ raise result
+ return result
+
+ ret_val = effect(*args, **kwargs)
+ if ret_val is DEFAULT:
+ ret_val = self.return_value
+
+ if (self._mock_wraps is not None and
+ self._mock_return_value is DEFAULT):
+ return self._mock_wraps(*args, **kwargs)
+ if ret_val is DEFAULT:
+ ret_val = self.return_value
+ return ret_val
+
+
+
+class Mock(CallableMixin, NonCallableMock):
+ """
+ Create a new `Mock` object. `Mock` takes several optional arguments
+ that specify the behaviour of the Mock object:
+
+ * `spec`: This can be either a list of strings or an existing object (a
+ class or instance) that acts as the specification for the mock object. If
+ you pass in an object then a list of strings is formed by calling dir on
+ the object (excluding unsupported magic attributes and methods). Accessing
+ any attribute not in this list will raise an `AttributeError`.
+
+ If `spec` is an object (rather than a list of strings) then
+ `mock.__class__` returns the class of the spec object. This allows mocks
+ to pass `isinstance` tests.
+
+ * `spec_set`: A stricter variant of `spec`. If used, attempting to *set*
+ or get an attribute on the mock that isn't on the object passed as
+ `spec_set` will raise an `AttributeError`.
+
+ * `side_effect`: A function to be called whenever the Mock is called. See
+ the `side_effect` attribute. Useful for raising exceptions or
+ dynamically changing return values. The function is called with the same
+ arguments as the mock, and unless it returns `DEFAULT`, the return
+ value of this function is used as the return value.
+
+ Alternatively `side_effect` can be an exception class or instance. In
+ this case the exception will be raised when the mock is called.
+
+ If `side_effect` is an iterable then each call to the mock will return
+ the next value from the iterable. If any of the members of the iterable
+ are exceptions they will be raised instead of returned.
+
+ * `return_value`: The value returned when the mock is called. By default
+ this is a new Mock (created on first access). See the
+ `return_value` attribute.
+
+ * `wraps`: Item for the mock object to wrap. If `wraps` is not None then
+ calling the Mock will pass the call through to the wrapped object
+ (returning the real result). Attribute access on the mock will return a
+ Mock object that wraps the corresponding attribute of the wrapped object
+ (so attempting to access an attribute that doesn't exist will raise an
+ `AttributeError`).
+
+ If the mock has an explicit `return_value` set then calls are not passed
+ to the wrapped object and the `return_value` is returned instead.
+
+ * `name`: If the mock has a name then it will be used in the repr of the
+ mock. This can be useful for debugging. The name is propagated to child
+ mocks.
+
+ Mocks can also be called with arbitrary keyword arguments. These will be
+ used to set attributes on the mock after it is created.
+ """
+
+
+
+def _dot_lookup(thing, comp, import_path):
+ try:
+ return getattr(thing, comp)
+ except AttributeError:
+ __import__(import_path)
+ return getattr(thing, comp)
+
+
+def _importer(target):
+ components = target.split('.')
+ import_path = components.pop(0)
+ thing = __import__(import_path)
+
+ for comp in components:
+ import_path += ".%s" % comp
+ thing = _dot_lookup(thing, comp, import_path)
+ return thing
+
+
+def _is_started(patcher):
+ # XXXX horrible
+ return hasattr(patcher, 'is_local')
+
+
+class _patch(object):
+
+ attribute_name = None
+ _active_patches = set()
+
+ def __init__(
+ self, getter, attribute, new, spec, create,
+ spec_set, autospec, new_callable, kwargs
+ ):
+ if new_callable is not None:
+ if new is not DEFAULT:
+ raise ValueError(
+ "Cannot use 'new' and 'new_callable' together"
+ )
+ if autospec is not None:
+ raise ValueError(
+ "Cannot use 'autospec' and 'new_callable' together"
+ )
+
+ self.getter = getter
+ self.attribute = attribute
+ self.new = new
+ self.new_callable = new_callable
+ self.spec = spec
+ self.create = create
+ self.has_local = False
+ self.spec_set = spec_set
+ self.autospec = autospec
+ self.kwargs = kwargs
+ self.additional_patchers = []
+
+
+ def copy(self):
+ patcher = _patch(
+ self.getter, self.attribute, self.new, self.spec,
+ self.create, self.spec_set,
+ self.autospec, self.new_callable, self.kwargs
+ )
+ patcher.attribute_name = self.attribute_name
+ patcher.additional_patchers = [
+ p.copy() for p in self.additional_patchers
+ ]
+ return patcher
+
+
+ def __call__(self, func):
+ if isinstance(func, ClassTypes):
+ return self.decorate_class(func)
+ return self.decorate_callable(func)
+
+
+ def decorate_class(self, klass):
+ for attr in dir(klass):
+ if not attr.startswith(patch.TEST_PREFIX):
+ continue
+
+ attr_value = getattr(klass, attr)
+ if not hasattr(attr_value, "__call__"):
+ continue
+
+ patcher = self.copy()
+ setattr(klass, attr, patcher(attr_value))
+ return klass
+
+
+ def decorate_callable(self, func):
+ if hasattr(func, 'patchings'):
+ func.patchings.append(self)
+ return func
+
+ @wraps(func)
+ def patched(*args, **keywargs):
+ # don't use a with here (backwards compatability with Python 2.4)
+ extra_args = []
+ entered_patchers = []
+
+ # can't use try...except...finally because of Python 2.4
+ # compatibility
+ exc_info = tuple()
+ try:
+ try:
+ for patching in patched.patchings:
+ arg = patching.__enter__()
+ entered_patchers.append(patching)
+ if patching.attribute_name is not None:
+ keywargs.update(arg)
+ elif patching.new is DEFAULT:
+ extra_args.append(arg)
+
+ args += tuple(extra_args)
+ return func(*args, **keywargs)
+ except:
+ if (patching not in entered_patchers and
+ _is_started(patching)):
+ # the patcher may have been started, but an exception
+ # raised whilst entering one of its additional_patchers
+ entered_patchers.append(patching)
+ # Pass the exception to __exit__
+ exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+ # re-raise the exception
+ raise
+ finally:
+ for patching in reversed(entered_patchers):
+ patching.__exit__(*exc_info)
+
+ patched.patchings = [self]
+ if hasattr(func, 'func_code'):
+ # not in Python 3
+ patched.compat_co_firstlineno = getattr(
+ func, "compat_co_firstlineno",
+ func.func_code.co_firstlineno
+ )
+ return patched
+
+
+ def get_original(self):
+ target = self.getter()
+ name = self.attribute
+
+ original = DEFAULT
+ local = False
+
+ try:
+ original = target.__dict__[name]
+ except (AttributeError, KeyError):
+ original = getattr(target, name, DEFAULT)
+ else:
+ local = True
+
+ if not self.create and original is DEFAULT:
+ raise AttributeError(
+ "%s does not have the attribute %r" % (target, name)
+ )
+ return original, local
+
+
+ def __enter__(self):
+ """Perform the patch."""
+ new, spec, spec_set = self.new, self.spec, self.spec_set
+ autospec, kwargs = self.autospec, self.kwargs
+ new_callable = self.new_callable
+ self.target = self.getter()
+
+ # normalise False to None
+ if spec is False:
+ spec = None
+ if spec_set is False:
+ spec_set = None
+ if autospec is False:
+ autospec = None
+
+ if spec is not None and autospec is not None:
+ raise TypeError("Can't specify spec and autospec")
+ if ((spec is not None or autospec is not None) and
+ spec_set not in (True, None)):
+ raise TypeError("Can't provide explicit spec_set *and* spec or autospec")
+
+ original, local = self.get_original()
+
+ if new is DEFAULT and autospec is None:
+ inherit = False
+ if spec is True:
+ # set spec to the object we are replacing
+ spec = original
+ if spec_set is True:
+ spec_set = original
+ spec = None
+ elif spec is not None:
+ if spec_set is True:
+ spec_set = spec
+ spec = None
+ elif spec_set is True:
+ spec_set = original
+
+ if spec is not None or spec_set is not None:
+ if original is DEFAULT:
+ raise TypeError("Can't use 'spec' with create=True")
+ if isinstance(original, ClassTypes):
+ # If we're patching out a class and there is a spec
+ inherit = True
+
+ Klass = MagicMock
+ _kwargs = {}
+ if new_callable is not None:
+ Klass = new_callable
+ elif spec is not None or spec_set is not None:
+ this_spec = spec
+ if spec_set is not None:
+ this_spec = spec_set
+ if _is_list(this_spec):
+ not_callable = '__call__' not in this_spec
+ else:
+ not_callable = not _callable(this_spec)
+ if not_callable:
+ Klass = NonCallableMagicMock
+
+ if spec is not None:
+ _kwargs['spec'] = spec
+ if spec_set is not None:
+ _kwargs['spec_set'] = spec_set
+
+ # add a name to mocks
+ if (isinstance(Klass, type) and
+ issubclass(Klass, NonCallableMock) and self.attribute):
+ _kwargs['name'] = self.attribute
+
+ _kwargs.update(kwargs)
+ new = Klass(**_kwargs)
+
+ if inherit and _is_instance_mock(new):
+ # we can only tell if the instance should be callable if the
+ # spec is not a list
+ this_spec = spec
+ if spec_set is not None:
+ this_spec = spec_set
+ if (not _is_list(this_spec) and not
+ _instance_callable(this_spec)):
+ Klass = NonCallableMagicMock
+
+ _kwargs.pop('name')
+ new.return_value = Klass(_new_parent=new, _new_name='()',
+ **_kwargs)
+ elif autospec is not None:
+ # spec is ignored, new *must* be default, spec_set is treated
+ # as a boolean. Should we check spec is not None and that spec_set
+ # is a bool?
+ if new is not DEFAULT:
+ raise TypeError(
+ "autospec creates the mock for you. Can't specify "
+ "autospec and new."
+ )
+ if original is DEFAULT:
+ raise TypeError("Can't use 'autospec' with create=True")
+ spec_set = bool(spec_set)
+ if autospec is True:
+ autospec = original
+
+ new = create_autospec(autospec, spec_set=spec_set,
+ _name=self.attribute, **kwargs)
+ elif kwargs:
+ # can't set keyword args when we aren't creating the mock
+ # XXXX If new is a Mock we could call new.configure_mock(**kwargs)
+ raise TypeError("Can't pass kwargs to a mock we aren't creating")
+
+ new_attr = new
+
+ self.temp_original = original
+ self.is_local = local
+ setattr(self.target, self.attribute, new_attr)
+ if self.attribute_name is not None:
+ extra_args = {}
+ if self.new is DEFAULT:
+ extra_args[self.attribute_name] = new
+ for patching in self.additional_patchers:
+ arg = patching.__enter__()
+ if patching.new is DEFAULT:
+ extra_args.update(arg)
+ return extra_args
+
+ return new
+
+
+ def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+ """Undo the patch."""
+ if not _is_started(self):
+ raise RuntimeError('stop called on unstarted patcher')
+
+ if self.is_local and self.temp_original is not DEFAULT:
+ setattr(self.target, self.attribute, self.temp_original)
+ else:
+ delattr(self.target, self.attribute)
+ if not self.create and not hasattr(self.target, self.attribute):
+ # needed for proxy objects like django settings
+ setattr(self.target, self.attribute, self.temp_original)
+
+ del self.temp_original
+ del self.is_local
+ del self.target
+ for patcher in reversed(self.additional_patchers):
+ if _is_started(patcher):
+ patcher.__exit__(*exc_info)
+
+
+ def start(self):
+ """Activate a patch, returning any created mock."""
+ result = self.__enter__()
+ self._active_patches.add(self)
+ return result
+
+
+ def stop(self):
+ """Stop an active patch."""
+ self._active_patches.discard(self)
+ return self.__exit__()
+
+
+
+def _get_target(target):
+ try:
+ target, attribute = target.rsplit('.', 1)
+ except (TypeError, ValueError):
+ raise TypeError("Need a valid target to patch. You supplied: %r" %
+ (target,))
+ getter = lambda: _importer(target)
+ return getter, attribute
+
+
+def _patch_object(
+ target, attribute, new=DEFAULT, spec=None,
+ create=False, spec_set=None, autospec=None,
+ new_callable=None, **kwargs
+ ):
+ """
+ patch.object(target, attribute, new=DEFAULT, spec=None, create=False,
+ spec_set=None, autospec=None, new_callable=None, **kwargs)
+
+ patch the named member (`attribute`) on an object (`target`) with a mock
+ object.
+
+ `patch.object` can be used as a decorator, class decorator or a context
+ manager. Arguments `new`, `spec`, `create`, `spec_set`,
+ `autospec` and `new_callable` have the same meaning as for `patch`. Like
+ `patch`, `patch.object` takes arbitrary keyword arguments for configuring
+ the mock object it creates.
+
+ When used as a class decorator `patch.object` honours `patch.TEST_PREFIX`
+ for choosing which methods to wrap.
+ """
+ getter = lambda: target
+ return _patch(
+ getter, attribute, new, spec, create,
+ spec_set, autospec, new_callable, kwargs
+ )
+
+
+def _patch_multiple(target, spec=None, create=False, spec_set=None,
+ autospec=None, new_callable=None, **kwargs):
+ """Perform multiple patches in a single call. It takes the object to be
+ patched (either as an object or a string to fetch the object by importing)
+ and keyword arguments for the patches::
+
+ with patch.multiple(settings, FIRST_PATCH='one', SECOND_PATCH='two'):
+ ...
+
+ Use `DEFAULT` as the value if you want `patch.multiple` to create
+ mocks for you. In this case the created mocks are passed into a decorated
+ function by keyword, and a dictionary is returned when `patch.multiple` is
+ used as a context manager.
+
+ `patch.multiple` can be used as a decorator, class decorator or a context
+ manager. The arguments `spec`, `spec_set`, `create`,
+ `autospec` and `new_callable` have the same meaning as for `patch`. These
+ arguments will be applied to *all* patches done by `patch.multiple`.
+
+ When used as a class decorator `patch.multiple` honours `patch.TEST_PREFIX`
+ for choosing which methods to wrap.
+ """
+ if type(target) in (unicode, str):
+ getter = lambda: _importer(target)
+ else:
+ getter = lambda: target
+
+ if not kwargs:
+ raise ValueError(
+ 'Must supply at least one keyword argument with patch.multiple'
+ )
+ # need to wrap in a list for python 3, where items is a view
+ items = list(kwargs.items())
+ attribute, new = items[0]
+ patcher = _patch(
+ getter, attribute, new, spec, create, spec_set,
+ autospec, new_callable, {}
+ )
+ patcher.attribute_name = attribute
+ for attribute, new in items[1:]:
+ this_patcher = _patch(
+ getter, attribute, new, spec, create, spec_set,
+ autospec, new_callable, {}
+ )
+ this_patcher.attribute_name = attribute
+ patcher.additional_patchers.append(this_patcher)
+ return patcher
+
+
+def patch(
+ target, new=DEFAULT, spec=None, create=False,
+ spec_set=None, autospec=None, new_callable=None, **kwargs
+ ):
+ """
+ `patch` acts as a function decorator, class decorator or a context
+ manager. Inside the body of the function or with statement, the `target`
+ is patched with a `new` object. When the function/with statement exits
+ the patch is undone.
+
+ If `new` is omitted, then the target is replaced with a
+ `MagicMock`. If `patch` is used as a decorator and `new` is
+ omitted, the created mock is passed in as an extra argument to the
+ decorated function. If `patch` is used as a context manager the created
+ mock is returned by the context manager.
+
+ `target` should be a string in the form `'package.module.ClassName'`. The
+ `target` is imported and the specified object replaced with the `new`
+ object, so the `target` must be importable from the environment you are
+ calling `patch` from. The target is imported when the decorated function
+ is executed, not at decoration time.
+
+ The `spec` and `spec_set` keyword arguments are passed to the `MagicMock`
+ if patch is creating one for you.
+
+ In addition you can pass `spec=True` or `spec_set=True`, which causes
+ patch to pass in the object being mocked as the spec/spec_set object.
+
+ `new_callable` allows you to specify a different class, or callable object,
+ that will be called to create the `new` object. By default `MagicMock` is
+ used.
+
+ A more powerful form of `spec` is `autospec`. If you set `autospec=True`
+ then the mock with be created with a spec from the object being replaced.
+ All attributes of the mock will also have the spec of the corresponding
+ attribute of the object being replaced. Methods and functions being
+ mocked will have their arguments checked and will raise a `TypeError` if
+ they are called with the wrong signature. For mocks replacing a class,
+ their return value (the 'instance') will have the same spec as the class.
+
+ Instead of `autospec=True` you can pass `autospec=some_object` to use an
+ arbitrary object as the spec instead of the one being replaced.
+
+ By default `patch` will fail to replace attributes that don't exist. If
+ you pass in `create=True`, and the attribute doesn't exist, patch will
+ create the attribute for you when the patched function is called, and
+ delete it again afterwards. This is useful for writing tests against
+ attributes that your production code creates at runtime. It is off by by
+ default because it can be dangerous. With it switched on you can write
+ passing tests against APIs that don't actually exist!
+
+ Patch can be used as a `TestCase` class decorator. It works by
+ decorating each test method in the class. This reduces the boilerplate
+ code when your test methods share a common patchings set. `patch` finds
+ tests by looking for method names that start with `patch.TEST_PREFIX`.
+ By default this is `test`, which matches the way `unittest` finds tests.
+ You can specify an alternative prefix by setting `patch.TEST_PREFIX`.
+
+ Patch can be used as a context manager, with the with statement. Here the
+ patching applies to the indented block after the with statement. If you
+ use "as" then the patched object will be bound to the name after the
+ "as"; very useful if `patch` is creating a mock object for you.
+
+ `patch` takes arbitrary keyword arguments. These will be passed to
+ the `Mock` (or `new_callable`) on construction.
+
+ `patch.dict(...)`, `patch.multiple(...)` and `patch.object(...)` are
+ available for alternate use-cases.
+ """
+ getter, attribute = _get_target(target)
+ return _patch(
+ getter, attribute, new, spec, create,
+ spec_set, autospec, new_callable, kwargs
+ )
+
+
+class _patch_dict(object):
+ """
+ Patch a dictionary, or dictionary like object, and restore the dictionary
+ to its original state after the test.
+
+ `in_dict` can be a dictionary or a mapping like container. If it is a
+ mapping then it must at least support getting, setting and deleting items
+ plus iterating over keys.
+
+ `in_dict` can also be a string specifying the name of the dictionary, which
+ will then be fetched by importing it.
+
+ `values` can be a dictionary of values to set in the dictionary. `values`
+ can also be an iterable of `(key, value)` pairs.
+
+ If `clear` is True then the dictionary will be cleared before the new
+ values are set.
+
+ `patch.dict` can also be called with arbitrary keyword arguments to set
+ values in the dictionary::
+
+ with patch.dict('sys.modules', mymodule=Mock(), other_module=Mock()):
+ ...
+
+ `patch.dict` can be used as a context manager, decorator or class
+ decorator. When used as a class decorator `patch.dict` honours
+ `patch.TEST_PREFIX` for choosing which methods to wrap.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self, in_dict, values=(), clear=False, **kwargs):
+ if isinstance(in_dict, basestring):
+ in_dict = _importer(in_dict)
+ self.in_dict = in_dict
+ # support any argument supported by dict(...) constructor
+ self.values = dict(values)
+ self.values.update(kwargs)
+ self.clear = clear
+ self._original = None
+
+
+ def __call__(self, f):
+ if isinstance(f, ClassTypes):
+ return self.decorate_class(f)
+ @wraps(f)
+ def _inner(*args, **kw):
+ self._patch_dict()
+ try:
+ return f(*args, **kw)
+ finally:
+ self._unpatch_dict()
+
+ return _inner
+
+
+ def decorate_class(self, klass):
+ for attr in dir(klass):
+ attr_value = getattr(klass, attr)
+ if (attr.startswith(patch.TEST_PREFIX) and
+ hasattr(attr_value, "__call__")):
+ decorator = _patch_dict(self.in_dict, self.values, self.clear)
+ decorated = decorator(attr_value)
+ setattr(klass, attr, decorated)
+ return klass
+
+
+ def __enter__(self):
+ """Patch the dict."""
+ self._patch_dict()
+
+
+ def _patch_dict(self):
+ values = self.values
+ in_dict = self.in_dict
+ clear = self.clear
+
+ try:
+ original = in_dict.copy()
+ except AttributeError:
+ # dict like object with no copy method
+ # must support iteration over keys
+ original = {}
+ for key in in_dict:
+ original[key] = in_dict[key]
+ self._original = original
+
+ if clear:
+ _clear_dict(in_dict)
+
+ try:
+ in_dict.update(values)
+ except AttributeError:
+ # dict like object with no update method
+ for key in values:
+ in_dict[key] = values[key]
+
+
+ def _unpatch_dict(self):
+ in_dict = self.in_dict
+ original = self._original
+
+ _clear_dict(in_dict)
+
+ try:
+ in_dict.update(original)
+ except AttributeError:
+ for key in original:
+ in_dict[key] = original[key]
+
+
+ def __exit__(self, *args):
+ """Unpatch the dict."""
+ self._unpatch_dict()
+ return False
+
+ start = __enter__
+ stop = __exit__
+
+
+def _clear_dict(in_dict):
+ try:
+ in_dict.clear()
+ except AttributeError:
+ keys = list(in_dict)
+ for key in keys:
+ del in_dict[key]
+
+
+def _patch_stopall():
+ """Stop all active patches."""
+ for patch in list(_patch._active_patches):
+ patch.stop()
+
+
+patch.object = _patch_object
+patch.dict = _patch_dict
+patch.multiple = _patch_multiple
+patch.stopall = _patch_stopall
+patch.TEST_PREFIX = 'test'
+
+magic_methods = (
+ "lt le gt ge eq ne "
+ "getitem setitem delitem "
+ "len contains iter "
+ "hash str sizeof "
+ "enter exit "
+ "divmod neg pos abs invert "
+ "complex int float index "
+ "trunc floor ceil "
+)
+
+numerics = "add sub mul div floordiv mod lshift rshift and xor or pow "
+inplace = ' '.join('i%s' % n for n in numerics.split())
+right = ' '.join('r%s' % n for n in numerics.split())
+extra = ''
+if inPy3k:
+ extra = 'bool next '
+else:
+ extra = 'unicode long nonzero oct hex truediv rtruediv '
+
+# not including __prepare__, __instancecheck__, __subclasscheck__
+# (as they are metaclass methods)
+# __del__ is not supported at all as it causes problems if it exists
+
+_non_defaults = set('__%s__' % method for method in [
+ 'cmp', 'getslice', 'setslice', 'coerce', 'subclasses',
+ 'format', 'get', 'set', 'delete', 'reversed',
+ 'missing', 'reduce', 'reduce_ex', 'getinitargs',
+ 'getnewargs', 'getstate', 'setstate', 'getformat',
+ 'setformat', 'repr', 'dir'
+])
+
+
+def _get_method(name, func):
+ "Turns a callable object (like a mock) into a real function"
+ def method(self, *args, **kw):
+ return func(self, *args, **kw)
+ method.__name__ = name
+ return method
+
+
+_magics = set(
+ '__%s__' % method for method in
+ ' '.join([magic_methods, numerics, inplace, right, extra]).split()
+)
+
+_all_magics = _magics | _non_defaults
+
+_unsupported_magics = set([
+ '__getattr__', '__setattr__',
+ '__init__', '__new__', '__prepare__'
+ '__instancecheck__', '__subclasscheck__',
+ '__del__'
+])
+
+_calculate_return_value = {
+ '__hash__': lambda self: object.__hash__(self),
+ '__str__': lambda self: object.__str__(self),
+ '__sizeof__': lambda self: object.__sizeof__(self),
+ '__unicode__': lambda self: unicode(object.__str__(self)),
+}
+
+_return_values = {
+ '__lt__': NotImplemented,
+ '__gt__': NotImplemented,
+ '__le__': NotImplemented,
+ '__ge__': NotImplemented,
+ '__int__': 1,
+ '__contains__': False,
+ '__len__': 0,
+ '__exit__': False,
+ '__complex__': 1j,
+ '__float__': 1.0,
+ '__bool__': True,
+ '__nonzero__': True,
+ '__oct__': '1',
+ '__hex__': '0x1',
+ '__long__': long(1),
+ '__index__': 1,
+}
+
+
+def _get_eq(self):
+ def __eq__(other):
+ ret_val = self.__eq__._mock_return_value
+ if ret_val is not DEFAULT:
+ return ret_val
+ return self is other
+ return __eq__
+
+def _get_ne(self):
+ def __ne__(other):
+ if self.__ne__._mock_return_value is not DEFAULT:
+ return DEFAULT
+ return self is not other
+ return __ne__
+
+def _get_iter(self):
+ def __iter__():
+ ret_val = self.__iter__._mock_return_value
+ if ret_val is DEFAULT:
+ return iter([])
+ # if ret_val was already an iterator, then calling iter on it should
+ # return the iterator unchanged
+ return iter(ret_val)
+ return __iter__
+
+_side_effect_methods = {
+ '__eq__': _get_eq,
+ '__ne__': _get_ne,
+ '__iter__': _get_iter,
+}
+
+
+
+def _set_return_value(mock, method, name):
+ fixed = _return_values.get(name, DEFAULT)
+ if fixed is not DEFAULT:
+ method.return_value = fixed
+ return
+
+ return_calulator = _calculate_return_value.get(name)
+ if return_calulator is not None:
+ try:
+ return_value = return_calulator(mock)
+ except AttributeError:
+ # XXXX why do we return AttributeError here?
+ # set it as a side_effect instead?
+ return_value = AttributeError(name)
+ method.return_value = return_value
+ return
+
+ side_effector = _side_effect_methods.get(name)
+ if side_effector is not None:
+ method.side_effect = side_effector(mock)
+
+
+
+class MagicMixin(object):
+ def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+ _super(MagicMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
+ self._mock_set_magics()
+
+
+ def _mock_set_magics(self):
+ these_magics = _magics
+
+ if self._mock_methods is not None:
+ these_magics = _magics.intersection(self._mock_methods)
+
+ remove_magics = set()
+ remove_magics = _magics - these_magics
+
+ for entry in remove_magics:
+ if entry in type(self).__dict__:
+ # remove unneeded magic methods
+ delattr(self, entry)
+
+ # don't overwrite existing attributes if called a second time
+ these_magics = these_magics - set(type(self).__dict__)
+
+ _type = type(self)
+ for entry in these_magics:
+ setattr(_type, entry, MagicProxy(entry, self))
+
+
+
+class NonCallableMagicMock(MagicMixin, NonCallableMock):
+ """A version of `MagicMock` that isn't callable."""
+ def mock_add_spec(self, spec, spec_set=False):
+ """Add a spec to a mock. `spec` can either be an object or a
+ list of strings. Only attributes on the `spec` can be fetched as
+ attributes from the mock.
+
+ If `spec_set` is True then only attributes on the spec can be set."""
+ self._mock_add_spec(spec, spec_set)
+ self._mock_set_magics()
+
+
+
+class MagicMock(MagicMixin, Mock):
+ """
+ MagicMock is a subclass of Mock with default implementations
+ of most of the magic methods. You can use MagicMock without having to
+ configure the magic methods yourself.
+
+ If you use the `spec` or `spec_set` arguments then *only* magic
+ methods that exist in the spec will be created.
+
+ Attributes and the return value of a `MagicMock` will also be `MagicMocks`.
+ """
+ def mock_add_spec(self, spec, spec_set=False):
+ """Add a spec to a mock. `spec` can either be an object or a
+ list of strings. Only attributes on the `spec` can be fetched as
+ attributes from the mock.
+
+ If `spec_set` is True then only attributes on the spec can be set."""
+ self._mock_add_spec(spec, spec_set)
+ self._mock_set_magics()
+
+
+
+class MagicProxy(object):
+ def __init__(self, name, parent):
+ self.name = name
+ self.parent = parent
+
+ def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+ m = self.create_mock()
+ return m(*args, **kwargs)
+
+ def create_mock(self):
+ entry = self.name
+ parent = self.parent
+ m = parent._get_child_mock(name=entry, _new_name=entry,
+ _new_parent=parent)
+ setattr(parent, entry, m)
+ _set_return_value(parent, m, entry)
+ return m
+
+ def __get__(self, obj, _type=None):
+ return self.create_mock()
+
+
+
+class _ANY(object):
+ "A helper object that compares equal to everything."
+
+ def __eq__(self, other):
+ return True
+
+ def __ne__(self, other):
+ return False
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ return '<ANY>'
+
+ANY = _ANY()
+
+
+
+def _format_call_signature(name, args, kwargs):
+ message = '%s(%%s)' % name
+ formatted_args = ''
+ args_string = ', '.join([repr(arg) for arg in args])
+ kwargs_string = ', '.join([
+ '%s=%r' % (key, value) for key, value in kwargs.items()
+ ])
+ if args_string:
+ formatted_args = args_string
+ if kwargs_string:
+ if formatted_args:
+ formatted_args += ', '
+ formatted_args += kwargs_string
+
+ return message % formatted_args
+
+
+
+class _Call(tuple):
+ """
+ A tuple for holding the results of a call to a mock, either in the form
+ `(args, kwargs)` or `(name, args, kwargs)`.
+
+ If args or kwargs are empty then a call tuple will compare equal to
+ a tuple without those values. This makes comparisons less verbose::
+
+ _Call(('name', (), {})) == ('name',)
+ _Call(('name', (1,), {})) == ('name', (1,))
+ _Call(((), {'a': 'b'})) == ({'a': 'b'},)
+
+ The `_Call` object provides a useful shortcut for comparing with call::
+
+ _Call(((1, 2), {'a': 3})) == call(1, 2, a=3)
+ _Call(('foo', (1, 2), {'a': 3})) == call.foo(1, 2, a=3)
+
+ If the _Call has no name then it will match any name.
+ """
+ def __new__(cls, value=(), name=None, parent=None, two=False,
+ from_kall=True):
+ name = ''
+ args = ()
+ kwargs = {}
+ _len = len(value)
+ if _len == 3:
+ name, args, kwargs = value
+ elif _len == 2:
+ first, second = value
+ if isinstance(first, basestring):
+ name = first
+ if isinstance(second, tuple):
+ args = second
+ else:
+ kwargs = second
+ else:
+ args, kwargs = first, second
+ elif _len == 1:
+ value, = value
+ if isinstance(value, basestring):
+ name = value
+ elif isinstance(value, tuple):
+ args = value
+ else:
+ kwargs = value
+
+ if two:
+ return tuple.__new__(cls, (args, kwargs))
+
+ return tuple.__new__(cls, (name, args, kwargs))
+
+
+ def __init__(self, value=(), name=None, parent=None, two=False,
+ from_kall=True):
+ self.name = name
+ self.parent = parent
+ self.from_kall = from_kall
+
+
+ def __eq__(self, other):
+ if other is ANY:
+ return True
+ try:
+ len_other = len(other)
+ except TypeError:
+ return False
+
+ self_name = ''
+ if len(self) == 2:
+ self_args, self_kwargs = self
+ else:
+ self_name, self_args, self_kwargs = self
+
+ other_name = ''
+ if len_other == 0:
+ other_args, other_kwargs = (), {}
+ elif len_other == 3:
+ other_name, other_args, other_kwargs = other
+ elif len_other == 1:
+ value, = other
+ if isinstance(value, tuple):
+ other_args = value
+ other_kwargs = {}
+ elif isinstance(value, basestring):
+ other_name = value
+ other_args, other_kwargs = (), {}
+ else:
+ other_args = ()
+ other_kwargs = value
+ else:
+ # len 2
+ # could be (name, args) or (name, kwargs) or (args, kwargs)
+ first, second = other
+ if isinstance(first, basestring):
+ other_name = first
+ if isinstance(second, tuple):
+ other_args, other_kwargs = second, {}
+ else:
+ other_args, other_kwargs = (), second
+ else:
+ other_args, other_kwargs = first, second
+
+ if self_name and other_name != self_name:
+ return False
+
+ # this order is important for ANY to work!
+ return (other_args, other_kwargs) == (self_args, self_kwargs)
+
+
+ def __ne__(self, other):
+ return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+
+ def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+ if self.name is None:
+ return _Call(('', args, kwargs), name='()')
+
+ name = self.name + '()'
+ return _Call((self.name, args, kwargs), name=name, parent=self)
+
+
+ def __getattr__(self, attr):
+ if self.name is None:
+ return _Call(name=attr, from_kall=False)
+ name = '%s.%s' % (self.name, attr)
+ return _Call(name=name, parent=self, from_kall=False)
+
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ if not self.from_kall:
+ name = self.name or 'call'
+ if name.startswith('()'):
+ name = 'call%s' % name
+ return name
+
+ if len(self) == 2:
+ name = 'call'
+ args, kwargs = self
+ else:
+ name, args, kwargs = self
+ if not name:
+ name = 'call'
+ elif not name.startswith('()'):
+ name = 'call.%s' % name
+ else:
+ name = 'call%s' % name
+ return _format_call_signature(name, args, kwargs)
+
+
+ def call_list(self):
+ """For a call object that represents multiple calls, `call_list`
+ returns a list of all the intermediate calls as well as the
+ final call."""
+ vals = []
+ thing = self
+ while thing is not None:
+ if thing.from_kall:
+ vals.append(thing)
+ thing = thing.parent
+ return _CallList(reversed(vals))
+
+
+call = _Call(from_kall=False)
+
+
+
+def create_autospec(spec, spec_set=False, instance=False, _parent=None,
+ _name=None, **kwargs):
+ """Create a mock object using another object as a spec. Attributes on the
+ mock will use the corresponding attribute on the `spec` object as their
+ spec.
+
+ Functions or methods being mocked will have their arguments checked
+ to check that they are called with the correct signature.
+
+ If `spec_set` is True then attempting to set attributes that don't exist
+ on the spec object will raise an `AttributeError`.
+
+ If a class is used as a spec then the return value of the mock (the
+ instance of the class) will have the same spec. You can use a class as the
+ spec for an instance object by passing `instance=True`. The returned mock
+ will only be callable if instances of the mock are callable.
+
+ `create_autospec` also takes arbitrary keyword arguments that are passed to
+ the constructor of the created mock."""
+ if _is_list(spec):
+ # can't pass a list instance to the mock constructor as it will be
+ # interpreted as a list of strings
+ spec = type(spec)
+
+ is_type = isinstance(spec, ClassTypes)
+
+ _kwargs = {'spec': spec}
+ if spec_set:
+ _kwargs = {'spec_set': spec}
+ elif spec is None:
+ # None we mock with a normal mock without a spec
+ _kwargs = {}
+
+ _kwargs.update(kwargs)
+
+ Klass = MagicMock
+ if type(spec) in DescriptorTypes:
+ # descriptors don't have a spec
+ # because we don't know what type they return
+ _kwargs = {}
+ elif not _callable(spec):
+ Klass = NonCallableMagicMock
+ elif is_type and instance and not _instance_callable(spec):
+ Klass = NonCallableMagicMock
+
+ _new_name = _name
+ if _parent is None:
+ # for a top level object no _new_name should be set
+ _new_name = ''
+
+ mock = Klass(parent=_parent, _new_parent=_parent, _new_name=_new_name,
+ name=_name, **_kwargs)
+
+ if isinstance(spec, FunctionTypes):
+ # should only happen at the top level because we don't
+ # recurse for functions
+ mock = _set_signature(mock, spec)
+ else:
+ _check_signature(spec, mock, is_type, instance)
+
+ if _parent is not None and not instance:
+ _parent._mock_children[_name] = mock
+
+ if is_type and not instance and 'return_value' not in kwargs:
+ mock.return_value = create_autospec(spec, spec_set, instance=True,
+ _name='()', _parent=mock)
+
+ for entry in dir(spec):
+ if _is_magic(entry):
+ # MagicMock already does the useful magic methods for us
+ continue
+
+ if isinstance(spec, FunctionTypes) and entry in FunctionAttributes:
+ # allow a mock to actually be a function
+ continue
+
+ # XXXX do we need a better way of getting attributes without
+ # triggering code execution (?) Probably not - we need the actual
+ # object to mock it so we would rather trigger a property than mock
+ # the property descriptor. Likewise we want to mock out dynamically
+ # provided attributes.
+ # XXXX what about attributes that raise exceptions other than
+ # AttributeError on being fetched?
+ # we could be resilient against it, or catch and propagate the
+ # exception when the attribute is fetched from the mock
+ try:
+ original = getattr(spec, entry)
+ except AttributeError:
+ continue
+
+ kwargs = {'spec': original}
+ if spec_set:
+ kwargs = {'spec_set': original}
+
+ if not isinstance(original, FunctionTypes):
+ new = _SpecState(original, spec_set, mock, entry, instance)
+ mock._mock_children[entry] = new
+ else:
+ parent = mock
+ if isinstance(spec, FunctionTypes):
+ parent = mock.mock
+
+ new = MagicMock(parent=parent, name=entry, _new_name=entry,
+ _new_parent=parent, **kwargs)
+ mock._mock_children[entry] = new
+ skipfirst = _must_skip(spec, entry, is_type)
+ _check_signature(original, new, skipfirst=skipfirst)
+
+ # so functions created with _set_signature become instance attributes,
+ # *plus* their underlying mock exists in _mock_children of the parent
+ # mock. Adding to _mock_children may be unnecessary where we are also
+ # setting as an instance attribute?
+ if isinstance(new, FunctionTypes):
+ setattr(mock, entry, new)
+
+ return mock
+
+
+def _must_skip(spec, entry, is_type):
+ if not isinstance(spec, ClassTypes):
+ if entry in getattr(spec, '__dict__', {}):
+ # instance attribute - shouldn't skip
+ return False
+ spec = spec.__class__
+ if not hasattr(spec, '__mro__'):
+ # old style class: can't have descriptors anyway
+ return is_type
+
+ for klass in spec.__mro__:
+ result = klass.__dict__.get(entry, DEFAULT)
+ if result is DEFAULT:
+ continue
+ if isinstance(result, (staticmethod, classmethod)):
+ return False
+ return is_type
+
+ # shouldn't get here unless function is a dynamically provided attribute
+ # XXXX untested behaviour
+ return is_type
+
+
+def _get_class(obj):
+ try:
+ return obj.__class__
+ except AttributeError:
+ # in Python 2, _sre.SRE_Pattern objects have no __class__
+ return type(obj)
+
+
+class _SpecState(object):
+
+ def __init__(self, spec, spec_set=False, parent=None,
+ name=None, ids=None, instance=False):
+ self.spec = spec
+ self.ids = ids
+ self.spec_set = spec_set
+ self.parent = parent
+ self.instance = instance
+ self.name = name
+
+
+FunctionTypes = (
+ # python function
+ type(create_autospec),
+ # instance method
+ type(ANY.__eq__),
+ # unbound method
+ type(_ANY.__eq__),
+)
+
+FunctionAttributes = set([
+ 'func_closure',
+ 'func_code',
+ 'func_defaults',
+ 'func_dict',
+ 'func_doc',
+ 'func_globals',
+ 'func_name',
+])
+
+
+file_spec = None
+
+
+def mock_open(mock=None, read_data=''):
+ """
+ A helper function to create a mock to replace the use of `open`. It works
+ for `open` called directly or used as a context manager.
+
+ The `mock` argument is the mock object to configure. If `None` (the
+ default) then a `MagicMock` will be created for you, with the API limited
+ to methods or attributes available on standard file handles.
+
+ `read_data` is a string for the `read` method of the file handle to return.
+ This is an empty string by default.
+ """
+ global file_spec
+ if file_spec is None:
+ # set on first use
+ if inPy3k:
+ import _io
+ file_spec = list(set(dir(_io.TextIOWrapper)).union(set(dir(_io.BytesIO))))
+ else:
+ file_spec = file
+
+ if mock is None:
+ mock = MagicMock(name='open', spec=open)
+
+ handle = MagicMock(spec=file_spec)
+ handle.write.return_value = None
+ handle.__enter__.return_value = handle
+ handle.read.return_value = read_data
+
+ mock.return_value = handle
+ return mock
+
+
+class PropertyMock(Mock):
+ """
+ A mock intended to be used as a property, or other descriptor, on a class.
+ `PropertyMock` provides `__get__` and `__set__` methods so you can specify
+ a return value when it is fetched.
+
+ Fetching a `PropertyMock` instance from an object calls the mock, with
+ no args. Setting it calls the mock with the value being set.
+ """
+ def _get_child_mock(self, **kwargs):
+ return MagicMock(**kwargs)
+
+ def __get__(self, obj, obj_type):
+ return self()
+ def __set__(self, obj, val):
+ self(val)